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Review resources for AP Environmental Science class notes and general resources | main review page | second semester A good case study that relates to much of what we have learned this year concerns the situation with the Island Fox. Learn more here. Here is a list of some terms/concepts to make sure you are familiar with: Developed vs. Developing countries Sustainability renewable and nonrenewable resources non-point and point sources of pollution major environmental problems (see p. 12 fig. 1-9) I = PAT - formula for environmental impact (p. 15) agricultural revolution industrial revolution frontier mentality John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, Aldo Leopold, Rachel Carson Endangered Species Act EPA wise-use movement and sagebrush rebellion feedback loops synergy forms of energy and energy quality (see chap 2) 2 laws of thermodynamics basic nuclear processes (radiation, fission, fusion) low-throughput vs. high-throughput economy levels of organization in ecosystems ecotone abiotic and biotic factors pyramids of energy, numbers, and biomass types of consumers (p. 65) GPP and NPP - relate to respiration and photosynthesis NPP of various ecosystems/biomes water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles | read about hydrological complexity and nitrogen cycle ecosystem services - economic value of ecosystems (p. 193, 574; and biodiversity class notes) natural selection adaptive radiation directional, stabilizing, and diversifying selection generalists vs. specialists niche climate wind and ocean current patterns El Nino and La Nina Rain shadows biome types (see p. 106 - fig. 5-9) estuary, wetland, bog, swamp, coastal zone, barrier islands biodiversity - types (p. 62) island biodiversity species types: non-native, indicator, keystone, umbrella (check out this page with definitions and examples) competition - interspecific and intraspecific competitive exclusion resource partitioning mimicry and camoflage symbiotic relationships - mutualism, commensalism, parasitism succession - primary and secondary fires and other disturbances and their relationship to ecosystem diversity, succession, biodiversity, etc. carrying capacity plate tectonics - three types of plate interactions ring of fire three types of rocks earthquakes and volcanoes glacial land features soil layers and soils associated with different ecosystems four basic types of soil (clay, sand, silt, loam) erosion salinization biodiversity hot spots endangered and threatened species; difference between local, ecological, and biological extinction CITES causes of extinctions reasons to preserve species methods of preserving species types of land use on US public lands - multiple use, restricted use, wilderness; Forest Service, BLM, NPS, FWS (see chap 10) mature natural forests vs. tree plantations sustainable forestry shade-grown coffee tropical deforestation core reserves and corridors dam removal/pros and cons of dams threats to turtles, fish, and marine mammals beach erosion restoring wetlands, rivers, and coastal regions hurricanses, swamps, mangroves, and levees