Download Ohio`s Learning Standards Rocks and Minerals Objectives

RocksandMinerals
TEACHERGUIDE
60MinuteEarthScienceLesson
Science-to-Go!Program
Grades: 3-6
RocksandMinerals:It’sNOT“Hard”Science
Description
Objectives
Areyoulosingyour‘marbles’whenitcomes
to getting sedimentary students interested
in the rocks beneath their feet? Don’t
‘sulphur’ alone…we’ll help you dig up an
avalanche of appreciation for the original
‘hard’sciences.Thisoverviewofgeologyand
mineralogy basics will whet your students’
‘apatite’ for Earth Sciences as they plow
throughplentyofhands-onexperienceswith
real specimens from our collections. Is
studyingrocksfun?Of‘quartz’itis!
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Definethedifferencebetweenarock
andamineral
Determinewhetherarockis
sedimentary,metamorphicorigneous
basedonitsphysicalproperties
Practicecommongeologistmethodsof
observingandcategorizingrocksand
minerals
Ohio’sLearningStandards
Grade3:EarthandSpaceScience–Earth’sResources
• Earth’snonlivingresourceshavespecificproperties
Grade4EarthandSpaceScience–Earth’sSurface
• ThesurfaceofEarthchangesduetoweathering.
Grade6:EarthandSpaceScience–Rocks,MineralsandSoil
• Mineralshavespecific,quantifiableproperties.
• Igneous,metamorphicandsedimentaryrockshaveuniquecharacteristicsthatcanbe
usedforidentificationand/orclassification.
• Igneous,metamorphicandsedimentaryrocksformindifferentways.
• Rocks,mineralsandsoilshavecommonandpracticaluses.
HowtoSetUpYourRoom
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Pleasehavestudentscleartheirdesksbeforetheprogrambegins.
Pleaseprovideanemptydeskorsmalltableforthemuseumeducatortosetupdisplayitems.
Ifbookingmultipleprograms,transitionswillbeeasierifmuseumstaffsetsupinonlyone
location.
ThisprogramrequirestheuseofaPowerPointslideshow;pleaseprovideascreenorblank
wallforourimages,andaccesstoanelectricaloutlet.
Introducethevocabularyandadditionalresourcesprovidedbelow.
Vocabulary
atom-thesmallestparticleofmatterthatpossessesthepropertiesofanelement.
clastic-describesrocksmadefromfragmentsofolderrocks.
cleavage-thetendencyofcertainmineralstobreakalongplanesofweakness,producingflat
surfaces.
compound-asubstancecomposedoftwoormorechemicalelements.Mostmineralsare
compounds.
crystal-asolidobjectwithflatsides(calledfaces)thatmeetinstraightlinesandsharppoints
producedbyanorderlyarrangementofchemicalelementsorcompounds.
crystalsystem-aclassificationmethodforidentifyingcrystalsbyshape,dividingthemintoseven
groups:isometric,tetragonal,hexagonal,trigonal,orthorhombic,monoclinicandtriclinic.
element-asubstancemadeofonlyonekindofatom.
deposition-thesettlingoutorplacementofrock,particlesofrock,ororganicmatter,generally
referredtoassediments,aftertransportationbywind,water,ice,orgravity.
extrusive-igneousrockformedoutsideofEarth’scrust.
fluoresce-toemitlightoranothertypeofradiation.
gem-anypreciousorsemi-preciousstone,especiallythoseusedforjewelryorornamentation.
hardness-resistanceofthesurfaceofanobjecttoscratching/abrasion.MeasuredonMohsscale
ofhardness:asequenceof10commonmineralsarrangedaccordingtotheirabilitytobe
scratchedbyspecificmaterials.
igneousrock-rockthathascooledandhardenedfrommagma.
intrusiverock-igneousrockformedinsideofEarth’scrust.
lava-moltenrockthatflowsoutofavolcanoorothercrackinthecrust;alsothenameforthe
rockformedthisway.
magma-naturallyoccurringmoltenrockorliquidrockbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.
metamorphicrock-arockthathasbeenchangedbyheat,pressureorheatandpressure
together.
mineral-anaturallyoccurringinorganicsolidcomposedofanorderlyarrangement(crystalline
structure)ofoneormorechemicalelements,ORanecessarychemicalnutrient.
PlateTectonics-atheoryexplainingthemovementofEarth’splates.
pyroclastic-composedchieflyofrockfragmentsofexplosiveorigin,especiallythoseassociated
withexplosivevolcaniceruptions.Volcanicash,obsidian,andpumiceareexamplesofpyroclastic
materials.
rock-naturalcollectionsoraggregatesofoneormoreminerals.
sedimentaryrock-atypeofrockformedbyweatheringorchemicalbuildupasmineralparticles
aredeposited,buriedandsquashedintolayersbywater,windoriceandcementedtogether.
sediments-particleserodedorbrokenfromrocksorminerals,orproducedbyplant,animalor
naturalchemicalactivity.
tectonic-relatingtothemovementsofEarth’scrust.
weathering-thechemicalormechanicalbreakdownofrocksintosedimentsbywater,wind,ice
and/ortheactionofplantsandanimals.
ExtensionActivities
1. BeautifulBorax
• Borax,alsoknownassodiumtetraborate,isamineralwithsmallcrystallinestructuresthat
dissolveeasilyinwater,andisoftenusedtomakelaundrydetergentworkbetter.Thereis
atowncalledBoron,California,whereahugeopenpitmineisoneoftherichestborate
depositsontheplanet.Here’showtouselaundryBoraxtomakeacoolcrystal-covered
ornament.
NOTE:Thisornamentislovely,butboraxisNOTedible.Exercisecautionwithyoung
students.
• Makeasnowflakeshapewithseveralpipecleaners.Tieittoastring,andthentiethe
otherendofthestringinthemiddleofapencil.Placethesnowflakeinajarorpotwitha
mouthsmallenoughthatthepencilcanlieacrossit,suspendingthesnowflakeinthe
container.Makesurethatthesnowflakehangswithouttouchinganypartofthejar.Take
thesnowflakeoutofthejar.
• Filltheemptyjarwithenoughcoldwatertocompletelysubmergethesnowflake.Empty
thewaterintoapotorkettle,measuringhowmanycupsyouneedasyougo.Bringthe
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watertoaboil,andforeverycupofwaterittakestofillyourjar,measure3tablespoons
ofBoraxandpourthemintoyourjar.Oncethewaterisboiling,pouritintothejarandstir
ituntilalltheBoraxisdissolved.
Hangyoursnowflakeinthejarsothatitiscompletelycoveredinthesolution.Letitsit
overnight.Gentlyremoveyournowcrystal-coveredsnowflakeinthemorningandletitdry
byhangingitsomewhereyoudon’tmindabitofdrippingBoraxsolution.
Optional:Tomakecoloredcrystals,add1-2dropsoffoodcoloringtotheboilingwater.To
makeyourornamentglowinthedark,paintthepipecleanersnowflakewithglow-in-thedarkpaintinsteponeandletitdrycompletelybeforegoingontosteptwo.Hangyour
ornamentsomewherethosecrystalscanreflectsunlight!
2.Mini-VolcanoMayhem
• Youwillneed:2filmcanisters(useahammerandnailtopokeasmallholeinthelidofone
canister),effervescentantacidpackets,wateranddishsoap(severalsmalldrops).
• Conductthisexperimentonatablethatcangetwet.Havepapertowelsready!
• Fillonefilmcanisterhalfwaywithwater,andaddafewdropsofdishsoap.
• Openeffervescentantacidpacketandbreakonetabletinhalf.
• Placethehalftabletintothesoapywaterand,usingthelidwithaholepokedinit,seal
canistertightly.
• Observe!Foamy“lava”willcomeoozingoutofyourtinyvolcano.Thisissimilartothe
bubble-filledlavathatformspumicerocks,onwhatiscalledashieldvolcano.
• Repeatsamestepsforatinyexplodingstratovolcano,butswitchtothefilmcanister
WITHOUTaholeonthelid.Oncethelidisplacedtightlyonthecanisterthetrappedgas
willcausethelidtopopoffwithaloud“BANG!”,similartotheexplosionsfromvolcanoes
thatresultin“bomb”lavarocks.Makesurenostudentsarestandingoverthecanister!
OnlineResourcesforTeachersandStudents
Clickthelinkbelowtofindadditionalonlineresourcesforteachersandstudents.Thesewebsites
arerecommendedbyourMuseumEducatorsandprovideadditionalcontentinformationand
somefun,interactiveactivitiestosharewithyourclass.
CMNHEducatorsregularlyreviewtheselinksforquality.Webaddressesoftenchangesoplease
notifyusifanylinkshaveissues.
ClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistoryhttps://cmnh.org/edlinks
EducatorResourceCenter(ERC)
MaterialsforLoan
Ifyou’reinterestedinadditionalresources
besuretocheckoutthefollowingERC
materialsorbrowseERCmaterialsonlineat
http://cmnh.hosting.l4u.com
RelatedERCkitsforthistopicinclude:
Rocks and Minerals Identification:
Students perform tests in order to identify
several rocks and minerals. Rock and
minerals samples, streak plates, hardness
testers, and identification charts are all
included.
TheEducatorResourceCenteroffers
educatorworkshops,thematicteaching
kits,animaldioramas,andmoreforloanto
areateachers.
ContacttheERCat216-231-2075for
informationonindividualorschool
membership.
VisittheMuseum’sERCwebsiteformore
informationonworkshops
https://www.cmnh.org/ERC
Cleveland Rock Layers Column: This
dioramaoftherocklayersintheCleveland
area is a great local connection when
teachingstudentsaboutrocks.
Hours
o MondaythroughFriday,1to5PM
o Wednesday,1to6PM
o Saturday,9AMto2PM