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Transcript
Health and Safety Electrical Safety Chemical Safety MSDS Electrical Safety Electrical Safety • Topics to be covered: – Basic Electrical Systems and Components – Arc Flash – Electrical Safety Basic Electrical Systems Components • Voltage: – Voltage deals with the pressure, similar to pressure which moves water through a garden hose. Voltage is used to move electrons from their point of origin to their destination; available in designation of 110,208,220-240,277,480 and higher. • Amperage: – Amperage deals with the flow of electricity AKA current. Think of it as the water in the garden hose. • Ohms: – Ohms deals with resistance. Think of it as kinking a garden hose. Conduction • Electricity is trying to move from its point of origin to ground. • It travels through objects which are called conductors: Think of this as the garden hose. • Conductors contain a high level of free electrons. – Examples include: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, iron, steel, brass, bronze, mercury, and many more. Insulators • An insulator has little or no free electrons. – Examples include: glass, rubber, oil, asphalt, fiberglass, porcelain, ceramic, quartz, plastic, air, and many more. • Electrical current flows at a rate of 186,000 miles per second. • Electrons only flow where there is conductivity… if you interrupt the flow of electrons as they flow from their point of origin you will become the conductor. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter • Ground fault occurs when a live circuit’s flow is interrupted and channeled to ground. • GFCI or Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters prevent electrical shocks in moist environments, such as in a restroom. • Once the GFCI senses a leakage from the circuit; the circuit is opened (neutralized) protecting the system and the user. Arc Flash • What is arc flash? – A release of explosive energy. • Caused by a phase to ground . • Or a phase to phase ground. • How does an arc flash occur? – Dropped tools, corrosion, dust. – Working on live circuitry . • Who is effected by arc flash? – Any one who works on an electrical system. Arc Flash • NFPA-70E regulates the way qualified people address live electrical circuits. • Label and establish boundaries for potential arc flash components. • The best way to reduce arc flash is to deenergize circuits before beginning to work on them. • Lock out Tag out. • Use PPE’s. Electrical Safety • Electrical shock produces two results: – Burned internal tissues and organs. – Over rides neural impulses which causes involuntary muscle reactions. During electrical shock, a victims muscles tend to clench rather than release. • This same shock can override the hearts natural rhythms. – This is the same principle used to create the taser. Electrical Safety Cont. • Zero Energy State – Is a reference to reducing: Dangerous voltage, spraying pressure, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, suspended weight, chemical energy, or nuclear energy. • Always neutralize all potential energy sources before working on an electrical circuit. – Voltage being defined as a potential energy source – Circuits should be open – before beginning work. Lockout Tag Out • A lock-out/tag-out procedure works like this: all individuals working on a secured circuit have their own personal padlock or combination lock which they set on the control lever of a disconnect device prior to working on the system. Additionally, they must fill out and sign a tag which they hang from their lock describing the nature and duration of the work they intend to perform on the system. If there are multiple sources of energy to be "locked out" (multiple disconnects, both electrical and mechanical energy sources to be secured, etc.), the worker must use as many of his or her locks as necessary to secure power from the system before work begins. This way, the system is maintained in a Zero Energy State until every last lock is removed from all the disconnect and shutoff devices, and that means every last worker gives consent by removing their own personal locks. If the decision is made to re-energize the system and one person's lock(s) still remain in place after everyone present removes theirs, the tag(s) will show who that person is and what it is they're doing. (http://openbookproject.net/electricCircuits/DC/DC_3.html) Emergency Response • What to do if someone has suffered an electrical shock. – Call for help, utilize co-workers, staff members, 911. – Disconnect and isolate the source of potential energy. – Sometimes the disconnect may not be obvious. – Make sure you have reviewed with your staff the locations of switch gear and power disconnects. – If a person is froze to the circuit and you cannot immediately find a disconnect, it is possible to use a nonmetallic object to remove the person from the circuit. Emergency Response • Assisting the victim. – Check for breathing and pulse. – If the victim requires CPR and you are trained in CPR follow proper protocol. • If the victim is conscience, have them lay on the ground until medical professionals arrive on site. Elevating them could trigger further problems. Using a Meter • Meters have various settings. – – – – – – V with a sine wave for AC Voltage. V with a two parallel lines for DC Voltage. A with two parallel lines for DC Amperage. A with a sine wave for AC Amperage. A horseshoe representing resistance or ohms. Generally there are three sockets. • The black wire is always connected to the common socket. • The red lead can be plugged into the Volts/Resistance socket or the Amps socket. Using a Meter Cont. • When measuring voltage, always test your meter on a nearby source to verify it is working correctly. • When measuring resistance or continuity, always verify the power to the circuit has been disconnected. • When measuring current (Amps), always use caution as the meter becomes a part of the closed circuit; also move the red lead from volts/resistance to amps. Final Word • Electricity is a safe and useful form of energy. • Electricity does have potential hazards. • Hazards can be eliminated or reduced by obtaining proper training, utilizing tools in a safe manner, and by using proper protective equipment. • Only trained personnel should perform repairs or service electrical circuits. Links for Further Study/Reference • http://openbookproject.net/electricCircuits/index.htm • http://lewellyn.com/pdf/os_pdf/Arc%20Flash%20Myths%2 0and%20Misconceptions.pdf • http://www.powersafetypro.com/images/Fast_Facts_on_A rc_Flash_-_APS.pdf Chemical Safety pH Scale • To understand chemicals we need to understand pH. • pH is a scale which measures the acidity and the alkalinity of a given chemical. • pH scale – The pH of pure water is 7; which is neutral. The lower the number the more acidic the chemical; the higher the number the higher the alkalinity . pH is measured in increments of ten. Example: pH of 4 is 10 times stronger than a pH of 5. A PH of 3 is 100 times stronger than a pH of 5. General Safety Rules • Never mix two chemicals together unless the label states to do so. • Never mix an acid and a base (alkaline) together. • Keep food and cosmetics away from chemicals – Examples include: custodial closets, custodial carts, and so on. • All chemicals, at all times, must be labeled. General Safety Rules Cont. • Lock rooms where chemicals are stored to prevent unauthorized/untrained people from gaining access to chemicals. • Do not leave chemicals used in public spaces unattended. – Example: Squirt gun fight with the chemical bottles. • Every chemical used needs an MSDS. General Safety Rules Cont. • Have a written plan. – What chemicals are on site (inventory)? – Where are right to know documents kept? – Who is responsible to facility the chemical safety program? – What to do in an emergency. • Have PPE’s available and mandate employee use. PPE’s • • • • Evaluate where PPE’s are needed. Select equipment. Require compliant use. Communicate to employees the necessity of using PPE’s. • Train employees to use PPE’s correctly. – Explain the limitations of PPE’s. – Explain how to maintain PPE’s. Types of Custodial Chemicals • Solvents: – Break down and dissolve grease. – Once mixed with water they have a pH of 7.5-9.0 – Example: Natural Degreaser. • Acid Cleaners: – Used to remove mineral deposits. – Examples: lime, urine, rust. – Example: Bowl Cleaner. Types of Custodial Chemicals • Alkaline Cleaners – High alkaline cleaners are used to remove wax and paint. – Examples: Extreme, Rip Saw, Paint Thinner, Bleach – Low alkaline cleaners are used to remove soot and ink. • Bacterial/Enzyme – Eats and destroys odor producing bacteria. – Example: Push. Specific Training: Chemical Policy • 88% of all loss time injuries in our industry are caused by chemicals – loss time meaning 3 or more days of lost time. – 12% of injuries are caused by breathing chemicals. – 36% of chemical injuries result in skin irritations and burns. – 40% of chemical injuries result in eye irritation or burns. – While 12% of injuries in our industry are non-chemical related. Specific Training: Chemical Policy • What cleaning products have the most risk: – – – – – – – – – Bowl cleaners. Metal cleaners w/ perchloroethylene. Carpet spotters w/ perchloroethylene. General purpose cleaners w/ butoxyethanal, sodium hydroxide & ethanolamine. Floor stripper or baseboard stripper. Heavy duty degreasers w/sodium hydroxide. Graffiti remover w/ butoxyethanol. Glass Cleaner with w/ butoxyethanol. Disinfectant w/bleach, phenol, quats, or hydrogen peroxide. Responding to an Emergency • Stay calm. • Call for help: 911, and other staff members. • If the victim is suffering eye irritation: Wash contaminants out of their eye? • If inhalation has occurred: Move victim to an area of fresh air. • Burns and ingestion: Follow MSDS recommendations. Additional Study/Reference • http://osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/ ppe-factsheet.pdf • http://www.betco.com/SiteCollectionDocume nts/Training%20Workbooks/9089192%20Basic%20Cleaning%20Workbook.pdf • http://staff.jccc.net/pdecell/chemistry/phscale .gif Material Data Safety Sheets Specific Training: MSDS • Understanding an MSDS’s is the key to understanding chemical safety. • A chemical that is classified as a hazard will have an MSDS associated with it. – Examples include: • Pesticides, herbicides, and other lawn chemicals. • Pool chemicals, cleaning chemicals, feed water, and water treatment chemicals. • Industrial products, lubricants, fuels, paint, and varnish. Product Name: PPE’s: This box shows what protective equipment is needed when working with this chemical Product Content: What are the chemical compounds or ingredients used to manufacture this product? Health Effects: How could this product affect my health? First Aid: In the case of an emergency how do we administer aid? Fire Fighting: What precautions need to be taken in the event of a fire? Spills: Storage: What needs to be done in the case of accidental release? How do we store this chemical safely? PPE’s: What precautions should I take to protect my health when using this product? Scientific Data: Here is a listing of all the scientific data and makeup of the chemical? What is the PH level of this product? Is it an acidic product, neutral product or an alkaline product? Stability and Reactivity: What will the product react with? Toxicological What effects does this product have on humans? Ecological: How does this product impact the environment? Disposal: How do we properly dispose of this product?