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EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH’S INTERIOR EARTHQUAKES • Definition • vibration of Earth’s surface caused by energy released from rocks breaking under stress or by friction between moving rock materials at or below the Earth’s surface Global Earthquake Distribution EARTHQUAKES Terms • focus • exact place of origin of earthquake disturbance and with few exceptions is located below surface of the Earth • epicenter • is the position on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus Earthquake Focus and Epicenter EARTHQUAKES • aftershock • an earthquake generated at or near the focus following the main shock • may be of substantial magnitude but smaller than main shock EARTHQUAKES • tsunami • a seismic sea wave generated by an earthquake with an epicenter above the ocean crust or near the ocean • seismic sea waves can be disastrous to property and life near ocean areas • the Good Friday Earthquake of 1964 in Alaska generated a tsunami which devastated the west coast of North America Tsunami in Pacific Ocean EARTHQUAKES • earthquake intensity • is a measure of the effects or physical destruction caused by an earthquake • earthquake magnitude • is a measure of the strength of or energy released by an earthquake EARTHQUAKES • Factors influencing the intensity of an earthquake 1. total energy released at focus 2. distance of focus to the surface 3. type of rock support in an area • solid bedrock will inhibit large damage • thick soils will settle and damage results will be greater (Liquidfication) 4. building construction and popul. density EARTHQUAKES • Earthquake magnitude • Measured by the Richter scale EARTHQUAKES • Pacific Ring Region (Ring of Fire) • is a region with many plate boundaries especially convergent types • about 80% of the earth’s earthquakes EARTHQUAKES • Mediterranean region • large concentrated area of plates and about 15% of earth’s earthquakes • Ocean ridge areas and intracontinental areas Global Earthquake Distribution List the effects of a major earthquake.