Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Selfish Gene wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex wikipedia , lookup
Extended female sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Mate choice wikipedia , lookup
The eclipse of Darwinism wikipedia , lookup
SUMMARY OF FINAL QUESTIONS Assessment questions Jen T/ Edgar ELamarck/Darwin Comparison of Evolutionary Mechanisms Directions: Fill in the comparative mechanism that Darwin or Lamarck would use to describe their theory of evolution. Lamarck Darwin 1. Environment changes, therefore creating a “need” to change 2. Development of new features, "in order to survive.” or “so that one can survive.” 1. Variations of heritable features which already normally exist 2. The environment puts “selective” pressures populations. Selected features contribute to survival while others are eliminated. 3. Those with traits which help survival tend to have more offspring, who inherit those traits. 4. Speciation 3. Newly acquire traits are passed down to offspring. 4. Speciation Directions: For each of the following statements, write whether the statement is Darwinian or a Lamarckian explanation of evolution Explain why? 1. Elephants ears grew larger and thinner so they could give off heat faster and prevent overheating. LAMARCK 2. The shell of modern turtles may have evolved as a result of an overgrown breastplate which provided protection from predators. This increased the probability that individuals with this trait survived longer and produced the most offspring. DARWIN 3. Humans will eventually evolve to lose their pinky toe, wisdom teeth, and appendix because they no longer confer benefits to survival. DARWIN Write similar pairs of scenarios describing how the potentially fatal, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) evolved. MRSA is resistant to the broad spectrum antibiotics used to treat it. Do one scenario the way Lamarck might explain it and one the way Darwin might explain it. Mike S. Convergent evolution accounts for the fact that _______. Marine fossils are better preserved than continental fossils Australian marsupials resemble Asian placental mammals Most species evolve in a few thousand years Cladistics are predecessors of cladoglams The wings of birds and butterflies are _____________ structures Homologous Complimentary Analogous Allopatric Homologous structures are likenesses that result from _________________. Different ancestry Evolution Common ancestry Intelligent design Krys and Liz What are some ways of determining the phylogenetic relationships between different species? Comparative anatomy, DNA analysis, geographic distribution of fossils. What is an example of two organisms for which convergent evolution has made unrelated species appear to be similar? Why did this occur? Bird and bat. Similar environment/niches. Among bears, dolphins, and sharks, which two species are most closely related? Why would you argue they are most closely related? Bears and dolphins. Both mammals. Antibiotic Resistance Questions Holly Levine Anne Marie Cannon Tina Esposito 1. Plasmids are found in: a. Prokaryotes b. Eukaryotes c. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes d. None of the above 2. Conjugation is a method of a. Vertical gene transfer b. Horizontal gene transfer c. Regeneration d. Asexual reproduction 3. Antibiotics can be used to cure a. Fungal infections b. Viral infections c. Bacterial infections d. All of the above 4. Antibiotic resistance is an example of a. Genetic drift b. Radioactive decay c. Evolution d. Intelligent design 5. The first antibiotic to be used in 1941 a. Penicillin b. Amoxicillin c. Erythromycin d. Zithromax Katie SEXUAL SELECTION MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the definition of sexual selection? a. Selection that acts upon an organism's ability to obtain or successfully copulate with a mate b. Selecting for a mate (male or female) based on certain characteristics that has a positive influence on fitness c. Selecting for a mate of the same or different species based on the sex (male or female) of the organism d. Selection that acts upon an organism's ability to successfully regulate the sex of the offspring TRUE OR FALSE True / False. Sexual selection always contributes to a higher fitness level. If False - Correction: Sexual selection does not always / may contribute to a higher level of fitness. FILL IN THE BLANK Sexual selection favors that provides a reproductive advantage. a. any gene, anatomical structure, or behavior b. only the most bizarre gene, anatomical structure, or behavior c. bizarre genes, non-cryptic anatomical structures, or extroverted behavior d. male competition and female choice SHORT ANSWER The smallest males of one marine isopod species (MIS) make up for their small size with heavy investment in sperm. These little crustaceans sneak into the sponge commandeered as a love nest by a larger male and then dive bomb the mating couple, releasing a cloud of sperm at the critical moment. Explain this event in terms of sexual selection. Be sure to include (1) the sexually selected trait, (2) how sexual selection functions, and (3) the resulting effect on fitness in the answer. (1) Sexually selected trait - Male body size (2) Sexual selection function - Males compete for access to mates. Large males are selected for by the females. Small males bombard the female with sperm while the female and large male are mating. (3) Resulting effect on fitness - The trait for large and small male body size are passed on to the offspring. Medium-sized males may have a disadvantage because they are not able to mate with a female and are not small enough to sneak up on a mating pair. Willa & Shannon 1. (Short Answer) To the left is a picture of an angler fish, which lives in the deep sea. a. Name two physical features of the angler fish. Spines, bioluminescent lure, no pigments. b. Describe how each of these features allows the fish to survive in its environment. Protection, hunting, no unnecessary use of energy. 2. (True/False) An individual organism can evolve to allow it to survive in a changing environment. a. Circle True or False. b. If false explain why. 3. (True/False) Species that have adaptations very specific to their environment are less likely to survive a change in their environment. a. Circle True or False. b. If false explain why. Mike & James Questions for the Final 1. Define Genetic Variation 2. What type of curve would be expected when examining the lengths of grasshopper femurs? Bell curve 3. a) b) c) d) Which variations below are genetic variations? Size of teeth/jaws Coloration of a fur coat Ability to construct a nest Size of dorsal fin 4. Why might it be advantageous for a population to have different variations within that population? Be Specific. Changes in the environment can be allotted for. If there is no variation, the species could be wiped out by a drastic change. 5. Give one example where genetic variation can be advantageous for a population. Disease. Whole species would not be wiped out. 6. How much wood would a wood chuck chuck, if a would chuck could chuck wood? Test Questions From Equine Evolution Lesson – Tiffany and Ruth 1) What were the three main evolutionary features of the horse discussed in our lesson? Spine/Leg, Teeth, Hoof 2) There were several horse ancestors discussed in class. Some features of the horse changed over time. What does this tell you about evolution? Several features were better adaptations to the environment; thus they were maintained in the gene pool. 3. Briefly describe how one of the main evolutionary features discussed in class is advantageous to the horse today. Hoof – protects the horse’s foot; it helps it move efficiently Spine- the shape of the spine helps the horse gallop, run, etc. efficiently Leg – the leg supported by the hoof is the most sufficient way of supporting the horse’s weight Teeth – allows this herbivore to have the greatest access to foliage ; modern horse teeth have great chomping action; modern horses have canines and incisors