Download Greece Unit Powerpoint File

Ancient Greece
Date: 12.7.2013 (A)
12.9.2013 (B)
Do Now: Read "Setting the
Essential Questions
Stage" for Ancient Greece on pages
268 and 269 in your textbooks and
answer the following questions in
your notebook.
●
1. What are the three main
geographical parts of Greece?
2. How did the availability of fertile
land affect the development of
Ancient Greece?
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
● Greece-Mapping Exercise
● Understanding the effect
of geography on Greece
○ Limited farmland
○ Isolation
○ need for trade
○ colonization
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
●
●
●
●
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Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Geography of Greece
Peninsula of Greece
-a body of land surrounded by water on three
sides
○
Much of Greece is mountainous and rocky
terrain, with the occasional plain. The
Pindus Mountains start in northern Greece
and stretch south to the Gulf of Patra. In
the southern part of Greece are the
Peloponnesus Mountains.
○
About 20% of Greece is made up of islands.
Crete is a large island located in the
Mediterranean Sea. It is a popular tourist
area for its beautiful mountains,
coastline, and many ancient ruins.
○
Most of the people in Greece live along
the coast, or along rivers and harbors
○
The geography of Greece had a great
influence on the development of Greek
Culture
Geography of Greece
Geographic Feature
Geographic Feature
■
■
Mountainous Terrain
○
most people lived and still
live on the coastal regions
of Greece
○
Mountainous terrain made
travel through greece
difficult and influenced the
development of seafaring
ways
○
limited availability of flat
farmland forced greeks to
seek food sources outside of
mainland (Colonialism)
Island Archipelago
○
The GReek Islands number
anywhere from 1,200-6000
depending on who you speak
to
○
So many islands also
contributes to the seafaring
ways of the Greeks.
○
most islands are devoid of
resources and are therefore
uninhabitable by large
populations
Geography of Greece
Lack of Fertile Soil-Colonization
● as populations grew in ancient Greece, the available farmland did not
produce enough food to support the population.
○
●
Using the sea as their roadway, the Ancient Greeks set up colonies
throughout the Mediterranean Sea.
○
●
one solution was for the Greeks to venture out on the seas in search
of available land to start colonies that would produce food to be
sent back to the mainland.
The establishment of these colonies, not only supported the growth
and development of Mainland Greece, but also helped to spread Greek
ideas and culture.
In addition to establishing colonies, the Ancient Greeks also created and
extensive system of trade between colonies and the city-states of other
cultures to acquire needed goods.
Geography of Greece
Ancient Greece
Date: 12.12..2013(A)
12.13.2013 (B)
Do Now: Flip through Chapter
Essential Questions
26 in your textbooks and create
definitions for the four types of
governments that dominated Ancient
Greece.
●
-Monarchy
-Oligarchy
-Tyranny
-Democracy (δημοκρατία)
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
Government in Ancient
Greece
●
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
●
From Monarchy to Democracy
○
understanding changes in
governments and why they
occur
●
●
●
●
Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Monarchy
Definition:
a government in which
the ruling power is in the hands of one
person, usually called a king. This King
holds absolute power, and power is
usually inherited through family lines.
Why did Monarchs lose power?
MOnarchs in Ancient Greece were advised
by councils of aristocrats (wealthy
landowners) They depended on these
aristocrats to supply them with money
to support their armies. Overtime, the
Aristocrats realized the King was
nothing without them and they
overthrow the monarchy and place
themselves in power.
Oligarchy
Tyranny
What is an Oligarchy?
What is Tyranny?
-a form of government in which the
ruling power is in the hands of a few
people. Oligarchs were usually of the
higher, wealthy class.
- a form of government in which
absolute ruling power is in the hands of
one person who is not a lawful king. A
Tyrant seizes power and uses the military
to secure power.
Why did the Oligarchs fall?
How did the Tyrants fall?
-as a ruling class, the oligarchs passed
laws that tended to favor the rich, and
ignored the interests of the poor. This
forced the poor to look to other
leaders. These leaders, typically were
military leaders, who used the support
of their armies to overthrow the
monarchs and take power for
themselves.
-Tyrants tended to rule well, promising
more rights to the lower classes, but
they had the tendency to abuse their
power for selfish purposes as well. This
abuse of power, led the people to drive
the tyrants from power, This action of
the people, led to the creation of a new
form of government, Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία)
What is a DEmocracy?
- a form of government where power is held by the citizens (The people), who
exercise their power directly or through elected representatives.
Citizen-a person who has certain rights and duties in a citystate or nation
-ancient athens was a direct democracy in which citizens voted on every law or
issue.
How did Athenian Democracy Work?
-Athens had an Assembly, or a lawmaking group. Any citizen, could freely
express his ideas in this assembly and vote on new laws or proposals for war.
-although Athenian Democracy did not last long in Greece, the ideal of
democracy (giving power to the people) would become one of the most
influential ideas of the modern world.
The Idea of Citizenship
Citizen- a person who has certain rights or duties in a citystate or nation
Citizenship in Athens
-must be a male
-must be at least 18 yrs old
-both parents must be Athenian
Citizenship in United States
-All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein
they reside.
Ancient Greece
Date: 1.10.2014 (A)
1.13.2014 (B)
Do Now: In your
notebooks, create a chart in
which you compare and
contrast the cities of
Longmont and Boulder,
Colorado.
Essential Questions
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
● Introduction to AThens
●
●
and Sparta
Similarities between the
two city-states.
Differences
○ Geography
○ Economy
○ Government
○ Social
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●
●
●
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Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Athens vs. Sparta
Though the two dominate city-states of Ancient Greece during its Golden Age,
were vastly different in many ways, they did share significant cultural aspects
that were crucial in creating a bond that helped unify the two in an effort
against a common threat in the 5th Century B.C.E., the mighty empire of Persia.
Shared Culture of Athenians and Spartans
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●
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Language
Religion
ARchitecture
aspects of government
Athens vs. Sparta-Geography
Athens
● located in Central Greece, and only 4 miles from the Aegean Sea
○
led to Athens creating a society that used the sea as a way to explore
the world around them
○
opened them up to new ideas learned from those they interacted with
on these voyages.
○
influenced the creation of the strongest navy in Greece
Sparta
● Located on the Peloponnesus, Sparta was more isolated than Athens.
● Surrounded on three sides by mountains and situated on a fertile plain,
Sparta had access to fertile farmland. (a need to protect this valuable
asset)
●
25 miles away from the sea.
Athens and Sparta-Government
AThens-Athenian Democracy arose c. 500 B.C.E.
●
Athenian gov't was broken into different Branches
○
○
Assembly-the legislative group comprised of free citizens
Council of 500-acted as the executive governing body.
■
comprised of 500 members (over age 30), chosen by lottery each
year.
Sparta-primary government in Sparta was an Oligarchy
●
all governing power rested in a group known as the Council of Elders
○
●
comprised of two kings, who shared power, and 28 other members,
who had to be 60 years of age or older
Sparta, too, had an Assembly, comprised of male citizens, but had little
power, and could only vote on legislation proposed by the Council of
Elders.
Athens vs. Sparta-Economies
Economy-the way in which a community or region organizes the manufacture and exchange of money,
food, products, and services to meet peoples needs.
Athens-created an economy based on trade
● Athens provided very little natural resources, but was located near the
sea.
●
Athenians relied heavily on trade with other city-states,primarily trading
honey, olive-oil, silver, and hand-crafted arts such as pottery
● goods were bought and sold at a market place, known as the Agora.
Sparta-established an agriculture based economy, that relied on conquest
to access other resources
●
having available fertile soil (which was limited in Greece), the Spartans
could provide for themselves, for the most part. What they could not
provide, they typically took through military conquest.
●
Sparta generally feared trade, but would trade when necessary.
Athens vs. Sparta-Society
(Role of Women,
Slaves, and education)
In your notebooks follow the models of the
previous slides and create your own notes
concerning the role of women and slaves in
both City-States. Then show your
understanding of how children were educated
in both city states.
Ancient Greece
Date: 1.14.2014 (A)
1.15.2014 (B)
Do Now: Read Sections
28.1-28.2 in your textbooks.
In your notebooks, write
down the main cause of the
Persian Wars.
Essential Questions
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
● Persian Wars slides
○ Ionian Revolt
○ Marathon
○ Thermopylae
○ Salamis
○ Platea
● Watch video
●
●
●
●
●
Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Roots of War-Causes of the Persian
Conflict
Persian Empire
-The Persian empire, started from
Nomadic tribes located in modern day
Iran. Through Military conquest
they were able to create an empire
that stretched from the Indus Valley
(Pakistan)in the East, to the Egypt in
the West
-as they expanded further west, they
encroached on Greek settlements in
Asia Minor (Turkey).
-in 546 B.C.E. the Persian conquer the
Greek settlement of Ionia on the west
coast of Asia Minor.
Ionia
-A Greek settlement located on the Aegean sea in
Asia Minor
-were conquered by the Persians and had all
harbors and farmlands taken
-They were forced to pay tribute, and forced to
serve in the Persian Army
-Stripped of their identity, the Ionians sought a
revolt, but knew they were too weak by
themselves, so they sought help from Greek
allies on the Mainland, Athens
-Athens sends a naval fleet to Ionia, who
defeated the Persians in Battle, but then
returned home.
-Angered at the defeat at the hands of the
Athenians, the Persian king, Darius, was
determined to make the whole of Greece submit
to Persian Rule.
Map of Persian Empire
Persian Wars-Key Battles
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Thermopylae
-Athenian General Miltiades leads the
Athenian army against Persia at the
city-state of Marathon.
-After King Darius' death, his son,
Xerxes took power in Persia.
-Armed with superior weapons, made
of Iron, and the military strategy of
Miltiades, help the Greeks defeat the
Persians at Marathon.
- Casualties on both sides, Persia6,400 Athens-192
-wanting to avenge his father he
organized an army of 180,000
soldiers to attack the Greeks.
-He leads his army across the
Hellespont, and proceeds to
overwhelm greek forces.
-This leads to an alliance between
Athens and Sparta.
-Athens and its navy would
engage the persians on the sea
-Sparta would engage the Persian
ARmy
BAttles of the Persian Wars
Battle of Thermopylae
-The Spartan Army under the command of
Spartan King, Leonidas makes a stand at
Thermopylae, in a narrow mountain pass,
designed to shrink the size of the Persian
Army
-Armed with only 6000-7000 soldiers
from varying city states, the Spartans
were at great odds.
-Leonidas offers retreat to those who
wish, it. No Spartans retreat, and 300 are
left to hold off the Persian onslaught.
-All are killed, but the Spartans, give the
Athenians time to reorganize their navy,
for an attack on Persia on the high seas
Battle of Salamis
-After the Greek defeat at
Thermopylae, Athenians panick and
flee the city.
-Persia marches through and burns
Athens
-Athenian navy leader, Themistocles,
Persian Wars
Greek Trireme
-Sleek, fast
-designed for ramming enemy ships
Persian/Greek Strategy
-Throughout the war, the Persian,
tried several times to overwhelm the
Greeks with numbers, a strategy that
worked well in the open field battles
of the Middle East
-The gReeks, as shown, used the
strategy of bringing the battles to
constricted locations, to figuratively
shrink the size of the Persian Army
to an engageable size.
-Greeks used their knowledge of their
homeland to their advantage
Persian Wars-Decisive Victory
Battle of Platea
-After the defeat at Salamis, Xerxes, retreats to Persia with most of his army,
however the remainder of his army, was left in Greece and ordered to continue
the attack the following spring.
-Once again, Athens and Sparta join forces, this time at Platea, northwest of
Athens.
-Led by the Spartan Army, the Greeks rout the Persian, ending the threat from
future Persian invasion
-Many thousand greeks were dead at the end of the war, but they had fought
for their freedom and their identity.
-the victory over the Persians would launch Greece into its golden Age, and age
of rapid growth and cultural development.
Ticket to Leave
In your notebooks,
discuss the effects of
the Persian Wars on
Ancient Greece.
Ancient Greece
Date: 1.16.2014 (A)
1.17.2013 (B)
Do Now: REad Section 29.129.2 in your textbooks. In
your notebooks, draw a
sketch of Athens based on
the description provided in
your reading.
Essential Questions
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
● Golden Age of Athens
● Video: "What the Ancients
●
Knew"
○ http://www.youtube.com/watch?
●
v=PTFNTYoK1dw&list=PL7rbj1JzStiLq071
HT42Vh_4vr7iIwDXl
● Do TCI online sectionscontributions
●
●
●
Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Ancient Athens 5th Century B.C.E.
Ancient Greece
Date: 1.21,2014
1.22,2014
Do Now: Read Section 30.1 and
30.2 in your textbooks. In your
notebooks, answer the
following.
-What was the Peloponnesian
War?
-How did the War affect Philip
II of Macedon's ability to
conquer mainland Greece?
Essential Questions
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
● Peloponnesian War
○ effects on Greece
○ fall of Athens
● Philip II of Macedon
● Alexander the Great
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
●
●
●
●
●
Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Peloponnesian War
431 B.C.E.-404 B.C.E.
●
●
●
●
●
Peloponnesian League
○ Sparta and its Allies
Delian League
○ Athens and its Allies
This war is detailed in Thuycides'
"History of the Peloponnesian
War"
Sparta is victorious over AThens,
but the war takes a toll on the
Greek city-states.
severely weakened after 25 years
of war, a power in the north,
headed by King Philip II,
Macedonia was growing ever
stronger.
Philip II of Macedon
●
unified the region of Macedonia
under his control.
●
after the Peloponnesian War,
Philip saw the opportunity to
exploit the weakened Greek city
states and by 338 B.C.E. he had
conquered most of mainland
Greece.
●
In 336, B.C.E., Philip II was
murdered (possibly by his wife)
and his son Alexander takes the
throne.
Alexander the Great
Conquest of PErsia
●
Alexander took control of Macedonia
at age 20.
●
Wants to finish his father's plan of
conquering Persia
●
Through his military skills as a
general, Alexander is able to push east
and claim the Persian lands of Egypt,
Asia Minor, and Central Asia under his
control.
●
He pushes as far East as the Hindu Kush
Mts.
●
There his troops mutiny and his
conquest is over as he returns to
Babylon, in the Heart of Persia
Ancient Greece
Date: 1.23. 2014 (A)
1.24.2014 (B)
Do Now: Read Section
30.4 in your textbooks.
What was Alexander's
three step plan to
unite his empire?
Essential Questions
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?
ACtivities
● Alexander's Empire
○ spreading Greek
culture
○ Use of Religion
○ adoption of cultural
ways
● Alexander's empire
crumbles
Evidence Outcomes (S.W.B.A.T.)
●
●
●
●
●
Describe the foundation and
development of key historical
information on Greece.
Compare the definition of 'citizen'
in various governments
List the responsibilities of citizens
in various governments.
Evaluate how various nations
interact, resolve their
differences, and cooperate
Analyze conflicts among nations,
including causes and consequences
Alexander the Great
Create the following chart in your notebooks to help
organize information concerning Alexander's empire.
Aspect of Alexander's plan
Spread Greek Culture
Inspire Loyalty through Religion
Adopt the ways of Conquered Cultures
HOw did he achieve this goal?
Alexander Unites his Empire and Spreads
Greek Culture
Plan to Unite his Empire
Spreading of Greek Culture
●
●
●
●
Spread Greek Culture and Ideas
Building of Greek-style Cities
Use Religion to gain Loyalty
○
Show respect for conquered
cultures.
encouraged many greeks to
migrate to these new cities
○
with them, they brought
many aspects of culture
○
Arts, Government,
Literature, Customs and
Traditions
●
City of Alexandria, Egypt
Alexander Creates an Empire
Alexander uses Religion to
gain loyalty
Alexander adopts the ways
of Conquered Cultures
●
Alexander honored and paid
respect to the gods of the
cultures he conquered.
●
Alexander embraced the cultures
of the people's that he
conquered.
●
Alexander also claimed that he
was a God on Earth, in fact, the
son of Zeus.
●
He allowed the Persians to keep
their government
○
there is a story that goes
along with this. It
concerns a snake
○
did appoint Macedonians to
head their new armies
●
He married his top generals off
to Persian brides
●
He began wearing Persian style
of clothes
Fall of Alexander the Great
●
●
●
●
By 324 B.C.E. Alexander had conquered the entire Persian Empire and were
now in Northern India at the edge of the Hindu Kush Mts.
○ it is here that his troops, exhausted after ten years of fighting,
mutiny on him, and refuse to fight anymore.
Alexander then returns with his army back to Babylon (modern day Iraq)
where he remains.
○ He does not return back to Macedonia
Some unfortunate events had a detrimental effect on Alexander's mental
health
○ The loss of his beloved horse, Bucephalus, in 326 B.c.E.
○ In a drunken fight, Alexander kills one of his top generals, Cleitus,
who had saved Alexander's life in battle only a few years earlier.
○ Alexander's best friend, Hephaestion, dies of an intense fever.
Alexander continues to drink alcohol in unhealthy portions.
○ He too is stricken with a fever, and dies ten days after he gets ill.
What happens to Alexander's Empire?
Upon his death, Alexander's empire was split up between his
top generals who fought for control between each other.
When things settle down, three families emerge on top
● Seleucid (Asia Minor)
● ptolemy (Egypt)
● Macedonia (Mainland Greece)
Alexander's Empire after Death
After Alexander's death in 323 B.C.E., his Generals fight it out for control of his
territory. By 303 B.C.E. victors have laid claim and separated the empire into
three main regions.
Ticket TicketExit Ticket
Exit Ticket:
Essential Questions
Write a response to the
following quote by
Alexander the Great.
●
"I am indebted to my father
for living, but to my
teacher for living well."
●
●
●
●
●
●
How does the rise or collapse of a
government affect surrounding societies
over time?
What ideas have fundamentally changed
different cultures in the Eastern Hemisphere
To what extent are ideas from ancient
Greece important in today's world?
How can the definition of citizen change
over time?
What is the purpose of government?
What roles of citizens are the most
important?
What leads to cooperation, competition, or
aggression between and among nations?