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Name Period THE GUILTY GLAND (adapted from Beth Chirichella from scorescience.com) Be an endocrinologist for a day! You'll have the opportunity to examine the medical records of several patients who suffer from endocrine disorders. After examining their charts you will help diagnose and treat their problem. Your investigation will include: A. Completing an ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LIST of background information, B. Reading your PATIENT FILE, C. Determining a diagnosis using the DIAGNOSIS CHART. D. Writing a PATIENT LETTER that describes the diagnosis, prevention, duration, treatments, and prognosis of the disorder. So let's begin! You'll need to learn about the endocrine system before reviewing your patient files by completing the endocrine system list. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LIST Name of Gland Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pituitary Pancreas General Location of Gland Hormone Produced Target Tissues Function of Hormone thyroxin All Tissues Regulation of metabolism calcitonin Bone Regulate Calcium parathyroid hormone Bones & Nerves Regulates Calcium cortisol All Tissues Regulates Swelling adrenaline Muscles & Organs Stimulates to respond to emergencies antidiuretic (ADH) Kidney Regulates water in urine human growth hormone (HGH) Bones & Organs Growth insulin All Cells Regulates Blood Sugar (LOW) glucagon All Cells Regulates Blood Sugar (HIGH) Neck Neck Kidney Brain Abdomen Testes Genitals testosterone Sex Organs, Skin, Muscles, Bones Secondary Sex Characteristics Ovaries Genitals estrogen and progesterone Sex Organs, Skin, Muscles, Bones Secondary Sex Characteristics PATIENT DIAGNOSIS Please fill in the charts below with the proper patient diagnosis. Patient A Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name Patient B Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name Patient C Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name Patient Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name D Patient E Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name Patient F Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name Patient Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone released Function of Hormone Disorder Name G DIAGNOSIS CHART CONDITION SYMPTOMS Diabetes mellitus Uncontrolled blood-sugar levels, excessive urination, weakness, excessive appetite, and weight loss. Diabetes insipidus Excessive thirst and increased urination. Hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease) High metabolic rate, excitability, rapid speech, anxiety, increased appetite, and weight loss. Hypothyroidism Low metabolic rate, dry skin, reduced alertness, and weight gain. Cushing's Syndrome "Moon face", weight gain, abnormal hair growth, and pink stretch marks on various parts of the body. Acromegaly Enlarged hands, feet, jaw, joint pain, fatigue, headaches, weakness, irregular menstrual cycles. Addison's Disease Low blood sugar, low blood sodium, loss of water from the body, tiredness, and yellowing of the skin. Hypoparathyroidism Muscle spasms of the face, hands, arms, throat, and feet, hair loss, and dry skin. Hyperparathyroidism Weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, increased thirst, and increased urination. Secondary Hypogonadism Delayed secondary sex characteristics, smaller stature, delayed pubertal development. PATIENT __A__ SEX: Female AGE: 49 years WEIGHT: 76 kilograms/171 pounds HEIGHT: 161.5 centmeters/5 feet 4 inches SYMPTOMS: Patient is complaining of weight gain, approximately 25 pounds in recent months, even though she has tried dieting. She feels sluggish and sleeps 14-16 hours a day. SIGNS: Upon physical examination there was found to be a slight enlargement in the neck area, the patient’s skin is dry and her hair is course in texture. Blood tests revealed the following: Levels of the hormone T4 (Thyroxine) were 3.2 micrograms/milliliter [normal is 4.8-11.2 micrograms/ml]. Levels of the hormone T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone) were elevated above the normal range. PATIENT __B__ SEX: Male AGE: 30 years WEIGHT: 130.7 kilograms/294 pounds HEIGHT: 182.5 centmeters/6 feet 1 inch SYMPTOMS: Patient is complaining of excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss (although he is always hungry), and he feels tired especially after meals. SIGNS: Upon physical examination there was found to be signs of obesity, poor reflexes, and an abnormal heart rate. His blood pressure was 186/120 [normal is 126/79]. Urine test revealed a presence of sugar. His blood sugar was 195 milligrams/deciliter [normal is 70-100 milligrams/deciliter]. PATIENT __C__ SEX: Female AGE: 45 years WEIGHT: 54 kilograms/122 pounds HEIGHT: 162.5 centmeters/5 feet 5 inches SYMPTOMS: Patient is complaining of unexplained weight loss (despite an increased appetite), frequent bowel movements, nervousness, and trouble sleeping. SIGNS: Upon physical examination signs of enlargement were felt in the neck area. The patient’s eyes were bulging slightly and her heart rate is 110 beats per minute [normal 75 bpm]. Blood test revealed the following: Levels of the hormone T4 (Thyroxine) were 14.0 micrograms/milliliter [normal is 4.8-11.2 micrograms/milliliter]. Levels of the hormone T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone) were found to be below normal range. PATIENT __D__ SEX: Female AGE: 16 years WEIGHT: 76 kilograms/172 pounds HEIGHT: 170 centmeters/5 feet 8 inches SYMPTOMS: Patient is complaining that over the past several months her face has become more rounded and that she has an increase in acne and facial hair. She has also gained close to 20 pounds. SIGNS: Upon physical examination the patient was found to have purple striations on her abdomen and chest areas. Blood pressure was 140/98 [normal is 116/72]. Urine tests revealed that her levels of Cortisol measured 120 micrograms [normal is 50-100 micrograms]. PATIENT __E__ SEX: Male AGE: 67 years WEIGHT: 73.3 kilograms/165 pounds HEIGHT: 175 centimeters/5 feet 10 inches SYMPTOMS: {Note: This patient was referred to you because of signs of osteoporosis following a fall that broke his hip.} Patient is complaining of weakness, fatigue, and a few aches and pains, which he attributes to old age. SIGNS: Upon physical examination there was found to be nothing unusual, but tests were run on his blood and urine. Urine tests showed traces of calcium present. Blood tests revealed high levels of calcium and of the parathyroid hormone. PATIENT __F__ SEX: Male AGE: 13 years WEIGHT: 38.6 kilograms/85 pounds HEIGHT: 142 centimeters/4 feet 8 inches SYMPTOMS: Patient’s mother is noticing her son is not as tall as his friends and smaller in weight. Patient is getting noticed in school for his high-pitched voice while his other classmates’ voices have started to change deeper. SIGNS: Upon physical examination there was poor muscle development, inadequate pubic and testicle hair growth, small scrotum, and absent/little body hair (underarm/leg) Blood tests revealed low levels of LH, FSH, and Testosterone hormone. PATIENT __G__ SEX: Female AGE: 34 years WEIGHT: 70.3 kilograms/155 pound HEIGHT: 176 centimeters/5 feet 8 inches SYMPTOMS: Patient is complaining of weakness, fatigue, and very severe headaches during the day. She feels like her hands/feet are larger and swollen – her wedding ring isn’t fitting anymore and she keeps having to buy a half size bigger in her shoes. She has been missing her menstrual cycle for several months and hasn’t had a regular cycle in over a year and half. SIGNS: Doctors performed an x-ray of the spine to check for abnormal bone growth. An MRI scan revealed a tumor growth near/on the pituitary gland. Blood tests revealed high levels of Growth Hormone.