Download guilty gland 2015

Name
Period
THE GUILTY GLAND
(adapted from Beth Chirichella from scorescience.com)
Be an endocrinologist for a day! You'll have the opportunity to examine the medical records of several
patients who suffer from endocrine disorders. After examining their charts you will help diagnose and
treat their problem.
Your investigation will include:
A. Completing an ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LIST
of background information,
B. Reading your PATIENT FILE,
C. Determining a diagnosis using the
DIAGNOSIS CHART.
D. Writing a PATIENT LETTER that describes
the diagnosis, prevention, duration, treatments, and
prognosis of the disorder.
So let's begin! You'll need to learn about the endocrine system before reviewing your patient files by
completing the endocrine system list.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LIST
Name of
Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pituitary
Pancreas
General
Location of
Gland
Hormone
Produced
Target Tissues
Function of
Hormone
thyroxin
All Tissues
Regulation of
metabolism
calcitonin
Bone
Regulate Calcium
parathyroid hormone
Bones & Nerves
Regulates Calcium
cortisol
All Tissues
Regulates Swelling
adrenaline
Muscles & Organs
Stimulates to respond to
emergencies
antidiuretic (ADH)
Kidney
Regulates water in urine
human growth
hormone (HGH)
Bones & Organs
Growth
insulin
All Cells
Regulates Blood Sugar
(LOW)
glucagon
All Cells
Regulates Blood Sugar
(HIGH)
Neck
Neck
Kidney
Brain
Abdomen
Testes
Genitals
testosterone
Sex Organs, Skin,
Muscles, Bones
Secondary Sex
Characteristics
Ovaries
Genitals
estrogen and
progesterone
Sex Organs, Skin,
Muscles, Bones
Secondary Sex
Characteristics
PATIENT DIAGNOSIS
Please fill in the charts below with the proper patient diagnosis.
Patient
A
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
Patient
B
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
Patient
C
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
Patient
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
D
Patient
E
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
Patient
F
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
Patient
Name of gland(s) involved/ Hormone
released
Function of Hormone
Disorder Name
G
DIAGNOSIS CHART
CONDITION
SYMPTOMS
Diabetes mellitus
Uncontrolled blood-sugar levels, excessive urination, weakness,
excessive appetite, and weight loss.
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive thirst and increased urination.
Hyperthyroidism (Grave's
Disease)
High metabolic rate, excitability, rapid speech, anxiety,
increased appetite, and weight loss.
Hypothyroidism
Low metabolic rate, dry skin, reduced alertness, and weight
gain.
Cushing's Syndrome
"Moon face", weight gain, abnormal hair growth, and pink
stretch marks on various parts of the body.
Acromegaly
Enlarged hands, feet, jaw, joint pain, fatigue, headaches,
weakness, irregular menstrual cycles.
Addison's Disease
Low blood sugar, low blood sodium, loss of water from the
body, tiredness, and yellowing of the skin.
Hypoparathyroidism
Muscle spasms of the face, hands, arms, throat, and feet, hair
loss, and dry skin.
Hyperparathyroidism
Weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, increased thirst, and
increased urination.
Secondary Hypogonadism
Delayed secondary sex characteristics, smaller stature, delayed
pubertal development.
PATIENT __A__
SEX: Female
AGE: 49 years
WEIGHT: 76 kilograms/171 pounds
HEIGHT: 161.5 centmeters/5 feet 4 inches
SYMPTOMS:
Patient is complaining of weight gain, approximately 25 pounds in recent months, even
though she has tried dieting. She feels sluggish and sleeps 14-16 hours a day.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination there was found to be a slight enlargement in the neck area, the
patient’s skin is dry and her hair is course in texture. Blood tests revealed the following:
Levels of the hormone T4 (Thyroxine) were 3.2 micrograms/milliliter [normal is 4.8-11.2
micrograms/ml].
Levels of the hormone T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone) were elevated above the normal
range.
PATIENT __B__
SEX: Male
AGE: 30 years
WEIGHT: 130.7 kilograms/294 pounds
HEIGHT: 182.5 centmeters/6 feet 1 inch
SYMPTOMS:
Patient is complaining of excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss
(although he is always hungry), and he feels tired especially after meals.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination there was found to be signs of obesity, poor reflexes, and an
abnormal heart rate.
His blood pressure was 186/120 [normal is 126/79].
Urine test revealed a presence of sugar.
His blood sugar was 195 milligrams/deciliter [normal is 70-100 milligrams/deciliter].
PATIENT __C__
SEX: Female
AGE: 45 years
WEIGHT: 54 kilograms/122 pounds
HEIGHT: 162.5 centmeters/5 feet 5 inches
SYMPTOMS:
Patient is complaining of unexplained weight loss (despite an increased appetite), frequent
bowel movements, nervousness, and trouble sleeping.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination signs of enlargement were felt in the neck area. The patient’s
eyes were bulging slightly and her heart rate is 110 beats per minute [normal 75 bpm]. Blood
test revealed the following:
Levels of the hormone T4 (Thyroxine) were 14.0 micrograms/milliliter [normal is 4.8-11.2
micrograms/milliliter].
Levels of the hormone T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone) were found to be below normal
range.
PATIENT __D__
SEX: Female
AGE: 16 years
WEIGHT: 76 kilograms/172 pounds
HEIGHT: 170 centmeters/5 feet 8 inches
SYMPTOMS:
Patient is complaining that over the past several months her face has become more rounded
and that she has an increase in acne and facial hair. She has also gained close to 20 pounds.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination the patient was found to have purple striations on her abdomen
and chest areas.
Blood pressure was 140/98 [normal is 116/72].
Urine tests revealed that her levels of Cortisol measured 120 micrograms [normal is 50-100
micrograms].
PATIENT __E__
SEX: Male
AGE: 67 years
WEIGHT: 73.3 kilograms/165 pounds
HEIGHT: 175 centimeters/5 feet 10 inches
SYMPTOMS:
{Note: This patient was referred to you because of signs of osteoporosis following a fall that
broke his hip.} Patient is complaining of weakness, fatigue, and a few aches and pains, which
he attributes to old age.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination there was found to be nothing unusual, but tests were run on his
blood and urine.
Urine tests showed traces of calcium present.
Blood tests revealed high levels of calcium and of the parathyroid hormone.
PATIENT __F__
SEX: Male
AGE: 13 years
WEIGHT: 38.6 kilograms/85 pounds
HEIGHT: 142 centimeters/4 feet 8 inches
SYMPTOMS:
Patient’s mother is noticing her son is not as tall as his friends and smaller in weight. Patient
is getting noticed in school for his high-pitched voice while his other classmates’ voices have
started to change deeper.
SIGNS:
Upon physical examination there was poor muscle development, inadequate pubic and
testicle hair growth, small scrotum, and absent/little body hair (underarm/leg)
Blood tests revealed low levels of LH, FSH, and Testosterone hormone.
PATIENT __G__
SEX: Female
AGE: 34 years
WEIGHT: 70.3 kilograms/155 pound
HEIGHT: 176 centimeters/5 feet 8 inches
SYMPTOMS:
Patient is complaining of weakness, fatigue, and very severe headaches during the day. She
feels like her hands/feet are larger and swollen – her wedding ring isn’t fitting anymore and
she keeps having to buy a half size bigger in her shoes. She has been missing her menstrual
cycle for several months and hasn’t had a regular cycle in over a year and half.
SIGNS:
Doctors performed an x-ray of the spine to check for abnormal bone growth.
An MRI scan revealed a tumor growth near/on the pituitary gland.
Blood tests revealed high levels of Growth Hormone.