Download The Digestive System

The Body
Systems
Cells of the same
type make up
TISSUE
When different tissues
work together they
make
Organs
Different organs working
together make up a
BODY SYSTEM
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Body systems
The organ systems
together deliver
nutrients, oxygen and water
to cells and take away the
waste products.
What cells need in order to survive…
Oxygen
Water
Energy
CO2
Food
glucose
and oxygen for
Cells need
energy.
The glucose and oxygen
react together inside the
cell in a process called
cellular
respiration.
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose + oxygen  Energy + CO2 + H2O
Glucose
The cell also needs
raw materials
to carry out its functions.
These are proteins,
carbohydrates,
minerals, vitamins
and fats and oils
Cell also need water to:
ProteinsUsed to build muscles and
other tissues such as hair
and fingernails.
Proteins are found in:
Meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs,
nuts and soybeans
The break down of protein produces
a substance called urea which is
excreted from the body in
urine.
Carbohydrates
(glucose) are needed for
ENERGY.
Carbohydrates
are found
in:
Pasta, bread,
rice, corn,
oats, fruit and
potatoes
Fats
and
oils
Help insulate you from the cold, provide protective
cushioning around organs, keep skin supple and are
also used for energy.
Fats and oils are found in meat, oily fish,
cheese, nuts, olives, avocados and butter.
Vitamins
Are needed for the
production of some cell
products e.g. hormones.
Vitamins are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts and
whole grains.
e.g. calcium for bones and teeth, sodium for nerves ,
iron for carrying oxygen
Minerals are found in salt, milk, cheese and meat
The body has
many
different
organ systems
Digestive system
Digestion
• Extracts
nutrients and
water from food
and gets rid of
waste.
Circulatory system
Transport
• Carries oxygen,
nutrients and water
to all cells.
• Removes wastes
from cells.
Excretory system
Filtration and urine
output
• Removes wastes
(other than carbon
dioxide) from the blood.
• Controls the amount
of water in the body.
Respiratory system
Gas exchange
• Absorbs oxygen
from the air.
• Releases carbon
dioxide waste into
the air.
Nervous system
Observation, thought
and response
• Controls the other
systems.
• Enables humans to
interact with one
another and their
environment.
Reproductive
system
Reproduction
• Enables humans to
reproduce, so that
the human species
can continue.
Endocrine system
Hormones
• Controls things such
as growth and feelings
through the action of a
special family of
substances known as
hormones.
Immune system
Protection
• Fights infections if disease organisms
such as viruses or bacteria
invade the body.
Musculo-skeletal
system
Movement
• Enables us to stand
upright and move
about to obtain food
and water.
The
Digestive
System in
detail
Food moves
through a tube
from your mouth
to your anus –
this is also called
your
alimentary
canal.
Food is broken down into
tiny parts which are
soluble (they can dissolve
into our blood) and
moved around our body
in the blood to our cells.
The
mouth
Your mouth does two important jobs which are
physical digestion and chemical digestion
Physical digestion is when your teeth
grind lumps of food into much
smaller lumps to be swallowed.
Chemical digestion is when your saliva
moistens the food to slip easily down
to your stomach and an enzyme
amylase digests the carbohydrates.
Enzymes
The
esophagus
mouth to the stomach
takes food from the
The stomach
Your stomach contains acid and
gastric juices which contain HCl
acid and enzymes to break down
protein into peptides.
The pancreas
produces enzymes
pancreas
which are used
to
digest proteins,
carbohydrates and
fats and oils in the
small intestine.
Small intestine
liver
The
produces digestive
enzymes used in
the small intestine.
Bile is also
produced which is
used to break
down fats in the
small intestine.
gall bladder
The
stores the bile until
it is needed by the small intestines.
Bile emulsifies fats; breaking them down into
small droplets which give the digestive
enzymes a large surface area to work on.
Small
intestines
This is the organ where
the most food digestion
takes place. Proteins,
carbohydrates and fats
and oils are all digested
here.
The enzymes
required for this
are produced in
the pancreas and
liver.
Each different food group has a
different type of enzyme to break it
down.
Fats and oils are broken down using
enzymes and the bile stored in the
gall bladder and absorbed into the
lacteal part of the villi.
Food is broken down in the small intestine and
the nutrients are absorbed into the blood
stream to be transported to your cells.
The food is
absorbed into
the blood via
things called
villi. These are
found on the
walls of the
small intestine.
3D
Large intestines
The large intestine is
both shorter and wider
than the small intestine.
This is where water is
reabsorbed into the
body and bacteria
manufacture certain
vitamins for your body.
Peristalsis
You have muscles lining
your alimentary canal
which contract and
squeeze food along from
one end to the other