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13 - Theme: Origin, nature and the teachings of Islam Muhammad (SAS) Muhammad (SAS) - a real historical figure, whose way of life is contained in one of the sources of doctrine of Islam - Sunnah. According to the Sunnah of Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570, and was descended from a tribal group Hashim Quraish. Upon recommendation of the Muslims, Muhammad - Prophet of Allah and his messenger, which was passed by the people of the Qur'an text. Born Muhammad (SAS) in a poor, but close kinship to the Meccan aristocracy family. His father died while shopping trip before the birth of Muhammad (SAS), the mother - in a few years. Muhammad (SAS) was brought up in the house of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. From a young age he was familiar with the caravan trade, and sometimes participated in shopping trips. In his youth, Muhammad was hired to trade makes rich widow Khadija bint Meccan Huvaylit, whom he married at the age of 25 years. While Khadija was alive, Muhammad (SAS) are not accepted about other wives. She bore him several sons who died in infancy, including Kashima, in which Muhammad's name was Abu al-Qasim, and four daughters: Rukaiya, UmmKulsum, Zainab and Fatima. Among the followers of Islam, there are several theories about the origin of religion and creed - the Koran. According to one, Muhammad (SAS) loved solitude and devout meditation, often withdrew to the neighboring mountains of Mecca, was familiar with the basics of Judaism and Christianity, with views of the Arabian monotheists-Hanifa. When Muhammad (SAS) was about 40 years, during one of the periods of solitude he began to be a vision and then the utterance from the outside, signaling the fact that he is the messenger of God. Muhammad (SAS) scared the voice, and the message itself. But after the first words of an order to "read." Protesting Muhammad (SAS) replied that he could not read because they do not know how. But the angel Gabriel strongly urged to read: "Recite in the name of your Lord who created man"! Crick, usually warn citizens of the dangers, Muhammad (SAS) with a slope of Mount As-Safa announced Meccans sent down to him about God's Word. According to another version of the Qur'an draws transfer situation is. Prophet, standing on Mount Arafat (near Mecca), listened to the voice of the archangel Gabriel, who from the seventh heaven about twenty-three years, he dictated the contents of the Qur'an, and Muhammad (SAS), in turn, reported to its content in the form of separate sermons and teachings his followers. At the same time, the Muslim clergy ¬ Manske teaches that Allah conveyed the Qur'an Muhammad (SAS) Th ¬ res archangel Gabriel individual revelations, mostly at night, through the vision. The first vision was called "Laylatal-frame" ("Night of Power"), and occurred on the night of 26 to 27 of the month of Ramadan. On this night, Allah will decide the fate of each Con ¬ Muslim, given his desire. Therefore, it is common to believers that night in the mosque, read the Quran and ask Allah for fulfillment of his desire. Originally Muhammad (SAS) began scared "revelations", but then became convinced that the deity was elected as a messenger (rasul) and the prophet (nabi) to give people the Word of God. The first "revelations" that Muhammad (SAS) was trying to convey to his countrymen, proclaiming the greatness of the one and the one God Allah, rejected widespread polytheism in Arabia, warned of the coming resurrection of the dead, the day of judgment and punishment in hell all those who believe not in Allah. At first sermon Muhammad (SAS) has been met with derision in Mecca, but gradually gathered around him a group of supporters, part of the nobility, often from grassroots Meccan society. In this regard, the Meccan elite, who was afraid of losing power, began to persecute and harass the followers of Muhammad (SAS) Muslims. But Muhammad (SAS) was under the protection of his family and his head - Abu Talib. At the same time, many of the Muslims, fleeing from persecution, left Mecca to Ethiopia. Islam was the first wife of Muhammad (SAS) - Khadijah, to believe in the prophethood of her husband Ali - the cousin and pupil of Muhammad (SAS) and Zayd - freedman and adopted son of Muhammad (SAS). Kureyshitovpriverzhantsami of the new religion were notable Meccans - Abu Bakr, Omar and Osman, who subsequently became caliph (the receivers of the Prophet Muhammad). Sermon Muhammad (SAS), is transmitted direct word of Allah, argued the omnipotence of God, often called merciful (Rahman), his greatness, his total dependence on the person. In this case, Muhammad sent listeners to a known, stories of the prophets of the past and of the dead ancient peoples. The Quran as it showed that the prophecy of Muhammad (SAS) - a phenomenon known and possible, and that disobedience to the Prophet has always led to the punishment of non-believers. At some point (about 618-620 years.) Emerged the possibility of compromise with the Meccans. Muhammad (SAS) supposedly agreed to recognize the special position with Allah in Mecca revered goddesses - al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat, and the Meccans - the prophethood of Muhammad and the first God of gods. However, reconciliation, violates fundamental principle of the new doctrine - the strict monotheism was not held, and the fight escalated. Meanwhile, Khadija died, died Abu Talib, and Muhammad (SAS) has lost much of the moral support and protection. Besides, who became head of the clan of Abu Lahab refused Muhammad (SAS) in protection. Muhammad (SAS) began looking for supporters outside of Mecca. He appealed to preach to the people who came to the city on business, made a fruitless trip to seek asylum in Taif. Finally, about 620, he entered into a secret agreement with a group of Yathrib - large landowning oasis about 400 km.k north of Mecca. Living there and accepted Judaism Pagan Arab tribes were in a state of protracted and complicated feuds, of which they are, in the Arabian custom, hoping to get through a credible and impartial arbitrator. As such they are the judges and invited Muhammad, recognizing his prophetic mission as the basis of its authority. First, most of the Meccan Muslims, and then himself Muhammad (SAS) migrated to Yathrib. He arrived there 12 or 18 Rabi I, ie 24 or 22 September 622, with the first month (al-Muharram) of this, Muslims (with Umar I) were counted during the new era of the Hijra, that is, by year resettlement Muhammad (SAS) from Mecca to Yathrib, which became known Mazhinat Al-Nabi ("the city of the Prophet"), or simply al-Madinah (Medina). Muhammad (SAS) has evolved from a simple preacher of the political leader of the community, which included not only the first Muslims. Gradually established his absolute rule in Medina. Mainstay Muhammad (SAS) were come to him from Mecca Muslims - muhadzhiryi Medina Muslims - Ansari. Muhammad (SAS) also hoped to find religious and political support, and the Jews of Yathrib, he even emphasized elected qiblah Jerusalem. However, they refused to recognize Muhammad (SAS), the Messiah of the Gentiles, in fact mocked the prophet of Allah, and even came in contact with the enemies of Muhammad (SAS) - the Meccans. They were joined by other residents of Yathrib part of the Gentiles, Jews and Christians, originally willingly accepted Islam, but later opposed Muhammad (SAS). This internal Medinan opposition repeatedly condemned in the Koran as "hypocrites" (munafikun). Helped develop the internal demarcation of Islam as a separate religion, Arabian enhance its features. Muhammad (SAS) began to speak more clearly about the role of Islam itself as the last prophet - "Seal of the Prophets." In his speeches, the Jews and Christians are censured as poor believers, Islam is declared Rectification of distortion will of Allah. In contrast, the Sabbath is set special general Muslim day of prayer - Friday, announcing the sanctity of al-Ka'bah and the paramount importance of the pilgrimage to her. It is the main shrine of Islam, praying to her beginning to turn in prayer (qibla). In Medina, the first mosque built, the house Muhammad (SAS), provides the basis of the Muslim ritual - the rules of prayer, ablution, fasting, the call to prayer, the charges on the pious needs, etc. In his sermons Muhammad (SAS) were recorded rules of community life - the principles of inheritance, division of property, marriage. Announced bans on wine, pork and gambling, highlights the situation starts Muhammad (SAS) as the Messenger of Allah. The "revelations" appear demands special homage to Muhammad (SAS), he "sends" exemptions from certain restrictions, mandatory for others. Thus, Muhammad at Medina (CAC) established the basic principles of religious doctrine, ritual, and community organizations. These principles are expressed in the "revelations" and partly in his statements, decisions and actions of Muhammad (SAS). One form of community cohesion and its expansion from the beginning of the Medina period was the struggle with the unbelievers Meccans. In 623, Muslims begin the attack on Meccan caravans. In 624, the Muslims at Badr, led by Muhammad (SAS), defeated the Meccan force, and this victory was perceived and interpreted as proof that Allah - on the side of the Muslims. In 625, the Meccans went to Medina and fought with the Muslim army near Mount Uhud. In battle, Muhammad was slightly wounded in the head, the Muslims suffered heavy losses, but the Meccans did not build on their success and were relegated. The next year they went back to Medina, but were stopped by the defense of Muslims in a specially dug pit. Close ties with the opposition inside the Medina Meccans, her attempt on the life of Muhammad (SAS) and the stubborn refusal to complete his submission evoked sharp response. Sequentially from Medina were expelled Jewish tribes of Banu Nadir and banukaynuka, much banukurayza was broken, were killed and some of the most active opponents and rivals Muhammad (SAS). Then collected a large force for a decisive struggle with Mecca. In 628 a large army, joined by some nomadic tribes moved in the direction of Mecca, and stopped in the town of al-Hudaibiya, on the border of the sacred territory of Mecca. Negotiations between the Meccans and the Muslims ended truce. Exactly one year later Muhammad (SAS) and his associates have made in accordance with the contract minor pilgrimage (Umrah). Meanwhile strengthened force Medina community. Were conquered by the rich oasis of Khaybar and Northern Arabia Fadak, allies Muhammad (SAS) became more and more tribes. In these circumstances, continued secret negotiations with the Meccans to Muhammad (SAS), many Meccans to Islam openly or secretly. As a result of all this came up to Mecca in 630, the Muslim army entered the town without hindrance. Muhammad (SAS) made worship al-Kaaba and cleansed it from the pagan idols. Since then formed the Muslim feudal theocratic state, which was called the Arab Caliphate. Muhammad (SAS), however, continued to live in Medina, only once (in 632) made the pilgrimage, known as a farewell (hidzhzhat al-vada). Victory over Mecca further strengthened confidence Muhammad (SAS) and a raised his political and religious authority in Arabia. It sends various kings and chieftains Arabia and the governors of border regions with Arabia and Iran, Byzantium inviting them to Islam. Mecca military units appear in Yemen. In Mecca, visited by representatives of the various tribes and regions of the peninsula. A lot of foreigners agree with Muhammad (SAS) of the Union. In the battle of Hunayn in 630, Muslims and their allies beat back a major offensive on Mecca hostile nomadic tribes. As a result, in 631-632 years. much of Arabia is in some degree of involvement in political union, led by Muhammad (SAS). In recent years, the life of Muhammad (SAS) defines the purpose of the association - the extension of the authority of Islam to the north and began to prepare an expedition to Syria. In June-July 632, Muhammad (SAS) surprise of his companions died after a short illness. Legend has it that he was poisoned. PohoronenMuhammad (CAC) in the main mosque of Medina (Prophet's Mosque). I must say that the Arabian Peninsula has never before Muhammad (SAS) did not know of a single authority. Only a prophet could achieve relative peace. After the death of Muhammad (SAS) in 632 authority Ummah staggered, and set it back agreement was violated. The reason for this lies in the fact that the ancient Arabic traditions Agreement is held invalid after the death of the head of a party. With the death of Muhammad (SAS) has stopped direct "contact" of the community with God, it began to operate Khalifa - the deputy of the Prophet in the execution of the laws and regulations that commanded Muhammad (SAS), as set out in the Koran. For the right to nominate a representative to the post of Caliph competed different Muslim groups. This is due to the fact that after the death of HadidzhiMuhammad (CAC) is a big number of marriages. The right of the Prophet permitted to exceed the number of Muslim women (four) was specifically justified Koranic "revelation." Most of these marriages were political, strengthening ties Muhammad (SAS) with various tribal groups. Beloved wife MMuhammad (CAC) legend says Aisha, daughter of Abu Bakr. After the Prophet's death she was trying to play a political role as the guardian and interpreter of his legacy. Much love Muhammad (SAS) also enjoyed Mary Coptic slave who bore him a son, Ibrahim, who died in infancy, and bitterly mourned the Prophet. According to legend in Muhammad (SAS) had 11 official wives, nine of whom were alive at the time of his death. Muhammad (SAS) did not leave a male offspring. Daughter of Muhammad (SAS) Fatima married his cousin and another Supreme Ali ibn Abi Talib. From the descendants of their sons - al-Hasan and al-Husayn - are all quite numerous in today's Muslim world, the descendants of the "family of the Prophet" sayyidyisharify. Thus, the successor to Muhammad (SAS) were his closest associates. The first "deputy of the Prophet," the Caliph, Abu Bakr was - one of the first converts to Islam. But he ruled for long: two years after his election, he died, passing the terrible reign of Omar. Omar ruled for ten years - up to 644, the years of his reign the Caliphate has significantly expanded its territory at the expense of Syria, Egypt, Palestine, North Africa, Iran and Iraq. In 644, Omar was killed a slave. In his place was elected Osman, who was famous not aggressive campaign, but a collection preserved in the memory of the first Muslims the Qur'an. Osman's successor was Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son in law of Mohammed. Since Ali was from the community of the family of the Prophet, he claimed a special, privileged status. Because of its claims originally united Muslim world is split into two directions. Ali's supporters became known as Shiites ("Shea" - grouping Ali), while their opponents were later called Sunni (from the "Sunna" - loyal to Muhammad (SAS)). In modern science, there is general agreement that Muhammad (SAS) actually lived and worked, said much of the words that make up the Koran justified the first Muslim community in Mecca, then to Yathrib. In the biography of Muhammad (SAS) (sire), in the tradition of his words and deeds (hadith), in comments on the Qur'an (tafsir), etc. along with historically accurate information contains many later additions, fantasies and legends. Together, they make up all the Muslims known biography of the Prophet. Islam, in principle, does not give Muhammad (SAS) no supernatural traits. The Qur'an repeatedly emphasizes that he is a man, like everyone else. However, around his figures gradually emerged cycle of legends of miracles. Some of them develop hints of the Koran, for example, legend has it that angels dissected molodomuMuhammad (CAC) chest and washed his heart, or the legend of his night journey to the magical beasts of al-Buraq to Jerusalem and the subsequent ascension to heaven. There was a number of legends about the miracles of Muhammad (SAS), - in his presence nedoynaya sheep gives milk, low food enough for a lot of people, etc. In general, however, such material in the traditions of Muhammad (SAS) is relatively small. Righteous (believers) caliphs Righteous (believers) caliphs - caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, who, after the death of the Prophet Muhammad for nearly 30 years as head of the Muslim community, and during the life of the prophet in one way or another involved in the community, and have been associated with prophet ties of kinship or marriage. In the centuries during the reign of the righteous caliphs called "golden age" of Islam, when Muslim flourished original virtue, by Caliph granted the title of "Alrashidun" - going the way of righteousness, to distinguish them from those who came to power in different provinces of the once united Muslim state. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq - successful Meccan merchant, was one of the first to immediately and unconditionally believed Muhammad and began to help him. He spared no expense to the needs of the Muslim community. One of his articles was spending a ransom of slaves, freeing he put only one condition - the adoption of Islam. That he accompanied Muhammad, the prophet decided to move to Medina (622), after learning of a plot against him. To confuse his pursuers, Muhammad and Abu Bakr spent three days in a cave on Mount Saur near the road leading to Yemen, waiting for the return of his pursuers in Mecca. In Medina, Abu Bakr was married to the daughter of the Prophet. Every way he took care of Muhammad, accompanied by his military campaigns. Umar (Omar I) Ibn al-Khattab al-Farukvtoroy of the "righteous caliphs". According to legend, he was the first anti-Muslim, but after he met with the text of the sura "Ta Ha", which gave him his sister wanted to meet Muhammad. After this meeting, it became one of the most loyal supporters of the Prophet. In the Medinan period Umar was famous for his courage, he took part in the major battles of the Muslims. Caliph Umar is credited with the creation of the administrative system, which formed the basis for the management of the future Islamic state. When Umar was established tax system that was in effect throughout the state. The system divides the Muslims and Christians, the winners and losers, not only the amount of taxes, but also a whole list of prohibitions. So, specifically stipulated punishment for osmeivanie Prophet and his faith. Do not touch the Muslim woman to encroach on the life and property of Muslims, shelter the enemies of Islam, etc. In addition, non-Muslims were "different clothes" of Muslims, they could not build houses higher than the houses of the faithful, to drink wine in public, openly wear crosses, have a gun, ride, etc. In particular, when it was finally recognized as a ritual of the hajj, which became one of the five obligatory principles of faith. Umar annual pilgrimage led by himself. On behalf of the former secretary of the Caliph of the Prophet Zaid ibn Thabit started collecting disparate texts revelations recorded the words of Muhammad. The final text of the Qur'an was canonized after the death of Umar. Uthman ibn Affan (years of life - 575-656, the rule - 644-656) - the third Caliph of the galaxy of "righteous." Muslim historians, describing acts Usman, credit him with the codification of the Quran. It was on his orders, a single set of revelations, recorded during the life of Muhammad. Best calligraphers copied text in four copies. All subsequent collections were made on the basis of these records. Ali ibn Abi Talib - the fourth and last righteous caliph (rod.v 602, during the reign 656-661) is a key figure to understand the division of Muslims into Sunnis and Shiites. He was not only a colleague, but a close relative - a cousin - the prophet Muhammad. Historians disagree on the role of Ali in the formation of a Muslim state. Obviously, he had no talent for administrative and policy insights needed to manage the Muslim empire. But the image of a "knight without fear and without reproach," which, in spite of all difficulties, to be honest and faithful to Islam, preserved through the centuries. His tragic death, and the death of his children, gave him a martyr. Appeared after his death, the first time the Shia movement finds support in the Iraqi patriotism, and then spread on the territory of Iran. Here the image of Ali acquired the characteristics of a Persian hero, he is worshiped as a holy martyr. If Sunni Ali remains a model of piety and nobility, the Shi'ites a cult Ali. His figure sometimes obscures the image of the Prophet Muhammad, as the extreme Shiites believe that Ali is the bearer of God's grace (arab.baraka) - absolute and infallible authority in matters of Islam, the owner of all the virtues that Allah may grant rights. Ali's supporters call him "Wali Allah" (Arabic for "the friend of God"). Mosque Mosque - Muslim place of worship, where the judging with ¬ worship and sermons. The word "mosque" means "the place where committed prostrations." Thus, the mosque - a particularly sacred place for prayer. Entrance to the mosque, in some countries (Morocco, Iran) is forbidden to non-Muslims. In other countries, every part of the mosque must remove their shoes at her door, showing thus the sacred respect for the prayer house. The mosque can be located anywhere, but at a distance, out of reach of contamination. For example, out of the tanneries and breweries. The architecture of mosques is not always the same, but usually when they are thin tower (minaret), from the top of which the muezzin heralds a loud voice calling for hours of prayer: "God is great, I bear witness that there is no God but Allah. Hurry to Salat! Hurry to success (salvation), God's greatest! There is no God but Allah! " The decoration of the Muslim mosque strongly distinguish ¬ Xia of the Christian Church. In particular, Islam forbids the use of the image of God (Allah) and the prophets as the subject of reli ¬ gious ceremonies and choir, music, etc. As the prayer in the kneeling position, the floor of the mosque is covered with carpets. The opposite wall of the entrance of the mosque is oriented in the direction of Mecca, in its center is a niche, mihrab, decrees ¬ colliding direction that Muslims should seek in prayer. Mihrabanahoditsya right of the pulpit, which rises preacher (khatib) during a solemn day of service on Friday and some holidays to utter one short sermon. In the Islamic world, there are three main mosques: al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah, Al-Sahra Kubbat in Jerusalem, which is on the sacred rock from which Mohammed ascended to 619, to the heavenly throne of God. This place is also venerated by the Jews and Christians, as there once stood the Temple of Solomon. Symbols of Islam - a crescent and green. Muslim rites and holidays Rituals and holidays ¬ ki constitute an inseparable part and one of the main attributes of Islam, without which it is impossible to imagine that religion. They met in a special mu ¬ sulmanskomu calendar. Odd months of the Muslim calendar is 30 days, even - of 29. 12 of these IU ¬ syatsev form lunar year (354 days), every third year - a leap (355 days). As the Muslim lunar year is 11 days shorter than the solar, all Muslim celebration ¬ ary dates each year move. Month names mu ¬ sulmanskogo lunar year are as follows: Muharram, Safar, Rabi al-Awwal, rabnas Thani, dvumad al-Awwal, Jumada al-Ahira, Rajab, Shiba, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhul-qada, Dhul Hajj. The end of the Muslim fasting holiday dedicated to the canonical Islamic Eid alFitr (Feast of Fitr), also known under the name of a Turk, "Eid al-Fitr." Festival is held on the first day following the Ramadan of the 10th month - Shawwal. In sharia indicated only one official ¬ tial day of the holiday - the day of the special charity cute ¬ styni, called Sadaqah Fitr. Associated with the rites of the pilgrimage festival of Eid al-Adha (the great Feast of Sacrifice), known among the mu ¬ Muslims in our country under the name of a Turk "Kurban buy ¬ frames." This festival is celebrated in the form of sacrifice in the 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim calendar, Dhul-Hijjah, during a pilgrimage to Mecca. Hajj can not be imagined without sacrifice. This rite before the rise of Islam performed Arab tribes used llamas as ¬ kept it and gave it its color. Since not all Muslims are able to perform Hajj, the canons used ¬ Lama prescribe perform rites culminating part ¬ and not only in Mecca, but wherever they may be. As you can see, the major holidays of Islam - Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Fitr - are an integral part of the Muslim ¬ skih canonical rites of pilgrimage and fasting and individual ¬ but they are not there. As for the holidays Mavlyuda (birthday Mu ¬ Mohammed) and Mi'raj (Mohammed's ascension to heaven), then that ¬ kovymi they can be considered arbitrary, especially since the beginning of the first ¬ Islam they do not exist. Mavlyuda, for ¬ measures began to celebrate a 300 years after the onset ¬ of Islam. Miraj is connected with a fantastic view of the "chu de ¬" Mohammed, a flash, "ascended" from Mecca to Jerusalem, and from there - to the throne of God. Muslims celebrate its 27 Rajab. Turkish people this holiday is called ¬ to as' Rajab al-Adha. " Sunday - rest day Muslims have the same meaning for them as Sunday for Christians and Saturday for the Jews. On Friday, spends most solemn midday service. Quick rough chronology of Islam approx. 570 632 years. years of the life of Muhammad (SAS) 610 speech of Muhammad (SAS) to preach a monotheistic religion - Islam in Mecca 619 ascension of Muhammad (SAS) to the heavenly throne of God 622 great migration (Hijra) of Muhammad with his companions in Yathrib (Medina) 623 630 years. years of the struggle of Muslims against the Meccans 630 to Islam Meccan aristocracy, education feudal theocratic states of the Arab Caliphate 632 634 years. dominion receiver Mohamed Caliph Abu Bakr 634 644 years. dominion of the caliph Omar 644 656 years. Drying the Caliph, who spent kanonizirovanie content of the Quran and the drafting of its final 656 661 years. Caliph Ali 661 murder of Caliph Ali mosque in Kuf, the takeover comes Umayya clan VII. Start penetration of Islam in the North Caucasus Russia end of VII century. separation of the adherents of Islam into Sunnis and Shiites VII-X centuries. formation of Fiqh - Islamic canon law IX. final editing Hadith Sunnah 1926 formation of the World Islamic Congress 1962 formation of a "League of the Muslim world" 1969 formation of the "Organization of the Islamic Conference." 1979 1980. anniversary celebration in 1400 AH (XV century resettlement) Karimov. Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the XXI century: threats to security, conditions of progress. RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM And fundamentalism The very fact that a sustainable, for thousands of years, the existence of religions, including Islam, suggests that it is deeply rooted in human nature, performs a variety of proper functions. Religion, being primarily spiritual sphere of society, group, individual, absorbed, reflected the universal moral standards, making them generally binding rules of conduct had a significant impact on culture, has been promoting overcoming the isolation of a person, his alienation from other people. And most importantly, religion (we have reason to believe this in the case of Islam, religion of our fathers and grandfathers), strengthening the faith of the people, cleaning, and raising them, giving them the strength to overcome life's trials, challenges and adversity, contributed, and at times was the only form of preservation and transmission from generation to generation of human and spiritual values. That is why religion is a reliable companion of man, of his life. Recognizing the high role of religion, we should note the fact that the religious world is not the only way of thinking, man's relationship to the world around them, to their fellows. Parallel to it, and having the same right to exist, to develop what is called secular thought, secular way of life. Perhaps it is this coexistence, unfortunately, not always peaceful, different approaches to understanding the meaning of life and provides a wealth and diversity of the human world, his spiritual life, a stimulus for its development, for a society of like-minded people who would be out of multicolor gray . In a world that recognizes the intrinsic value of the priority of human personality, the conflict is transformed in recognition of its right to freedom of thought, freedom to practice any religion or no religion. A person can not be naturally choose their race and ethnicity, can not choose their parents, but the ideological, moral, spiritual choice, he could and should do for himself, without anyone's pressure, the more violence. And this choice must be respected. TREE OF RELIGIONS Islam • Sunni Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Cuba, Djibouti, Eritrea and other countries) Somalia, Comoros, Maldives, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and other countries) an, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Kuwait, Bahrain and other countries) o sectarian Sunni * • Shiism o imamits (Iran and Iraq) o Sheyhity (Iran, Iraq, Bahrain) o Zaidi o Ismailis other countries) o Friends (Syria, Lebanon) o Nusayrity o Ahl-Haqq an) o Ezelity * (Iran) o Bektashi (Turkey, Albania and other countries) • Haridzhizm • Marginal Muslim sect * o Ahmadi countries) o Black Muslims -American researcher Church (USA) o Subud (Indonesia and other countries)