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Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________ Group: ________________________ Muscular System Clothespin Lab / Muscle Fatigue Purpose: What are the effects of anaerobic respiration on your muscles? Background: Normally, muscles use oxygen through a process known as cellular aerobic respiration to make energy (or ATP) from sugar (glucose). This process is very efficient and produces 38 ATPs for each molecule of glucose. Carbon dioxide and water are the results of this reaction. When muscles undergo rigorous exercise they require more oxygen to make ATP than the blood can supply. At this point the muscle is forced to produce ATP without oxygen. This is known as anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATPs for each molecule of glucose. The result of this reaction is lactic acid. The advantages of anaerobic respiration are that the muscle cell can make ATP without oxygen and it can make ATP very quickly. This a particular advantage when lifting heavy objects. The big disadvantage to anaerobic respiration is that it produces lactic acid which gives muscles a temporary burning sensation. Muscle fatigue (or tiredness) results when the demand for ATP is greater than the rate at which ATP can be produced in the muscle fibers. As a result, ATP levels are too low for muscle fibers to produce their maximum force contraction. Under condition of extreme fatigue, muscles become incapable of contracting or relaxing. (They stop working) Today you will experience the use of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration by the muscle fibers in your fingers. You will experience the production of lactic acid and the sensation it produces in you muscles. The lab will demonstrate how your body used the resources available to provide you with the energy you need to do work. Vocabulary: Aerobic Respiration- A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy. (38 ATP/1 glucose) Glucose- Sugar energy source. ATP- Energy Anaerobic Respiration- The production of energy without oxygen. (2 ATP/1 glucose) Muscle Fatigue- The temporary failure of muscle strength, power, and endurance. The muscles cannot contract or work properly. Lactic Acid- Produced from anaerobic respiration, gives the muscles a burning sensation. Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________ Group: ________________________ Hypothesis: If __________________________________________________________________________________ Then _______________________________________________________________________________ Because_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Materials: 1 clothespin, 1 timer, 1 pencil, 1 data table, 1 sheet of graph paper Procedure 1) Hold the clothespin straight out and in between the thumb and forefinger of your non-writing hand. The rest of your fingers should be closed like a fist. 2) We will be doing five (40 second) trials with a 5 second break between trials. 3) When the teacher says “Go”, start squeezing the clothespin as many times as possible within the thirty second interval. 4) Keep a count of the number of times you have closed the clothespin and write the number down in the data table. 5) Graph the data that was just collected. Label the x-axis with the trial number, and the y-axis with the number of squeezes. Data Table: Trial # of Squeezes 1 2 3 4 5 Results and Analysis: Using graph paper draw a graph showing how your # of squeezes changed over time. Use a line graph when graphing change over time. Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________ Group: ________________________ Conclusion: Answer the following questions. 1. Fill in the following chart: Aerobic Anaerobic Require Oxygen? # ATP per glucose Byproducts 2. What happened to the number of squeezes as you conducted this experiment? _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Did your muscles experience any muscle fatigue? ____________________________________ 4. How did your breathing rate change? ______________________________________________ 5. Did you feel your muscles start to “burn” at any point during the experiment? If so, when? ____________________________________________________________________ 6. What material causes this burning sensation in muscles? _______________________________ 7. Did your muscles have to work without oxygen at all during the trials? ______________________ 8. How do you know? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is it called if muscles have to make energy (ATP) without oxygen? _____________________ 10. Which trial had the most aerobic respiration? ________________________________________ 11. How do you know? ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Which trial had the most anaerobic respiration? ______________________________________ 13. How do you know? ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 14. True or false: ATP is our body’s energy. _____________ 15. True or false: ATP is made from glucose. _____________ 16. True or false: Muscles can’t work without oxygen. _____________ 17. True or false: ATP use causes a burning sensation in muscles. _____________ 18. True or false: A lack of ATP causes muscle fatigue. _____________ 19. True or false: Anaerobic respiration is more efficient then aerobic respiration. _____________ 20. True or false: Aerobic respiration results in the formation of oxygen and water. _____________ Name: _____________________________ Date: _____________ Group: ________________________