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Download Unit 7 - GFF3 - Modals Part 2 Interactive
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MODALS PART 2 Unit 7 Grammar Forms & Functions 3 Shall, Let’s, How About, What About, Why Don’t, Could, Can = Make Suggestions All these are suggestions made by questions EXCEPT “Let’s” “Why don’t” can be a normal question OR a suggestion “Could” and “can” are sometimes suggestions. “Could” is more polite than “can” “Let’s” and “let us” can mean that the speaker expects the listener to agree – “Let us” is more formal than “let’s” Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Incorrect. Need a question mark suggestion A. because Shall wethis leave now. is in the form of a question. Correct. Need a question mark because is in B. Shallthis wesuggestion leave now? the form of a question. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. How about go to dinner gerund after “how about” or now? “what about.” Incorrect. Use a noun or Correct. Use a noun or gerund B. How about going to after “how about” or “what dinner now? about.” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Both are correct. “If you like” A.and We“maybe” can leave if you helpnow indicate suggestions – soften the like? statement. Both are correct. “If you like” B. Maybe wehelp canindicate leave and “maybe” suggestions – soften the now? statement. C. Both are Correct. See explanations. correct. Click to go to next slide. Prefer, Would Prefer = Express preferences Subject (would) prefer(s) Object (To + Object) I prefer coffee to tea. He would prefer drinking coffee to tea. She prefers to drink coffee. Objects of “prefer” or “would prefer” can be nouns, gerunds, or infinitives. “To + Object” is optional if both speakers understand what the second object is. If the first object is an infinitive, do not add “to + object.” Can use “than + another infinitive” instead I prefer to go to the movies than to rent videos. Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. Mike prefers to go rock infinitive” after an infinitive climbing to surfing. after “prefers.” Incorrect. Use “than + Correct. Use “than + infinitive” B. Mike prefers to go rock after an infinitive after climbing than to surf. “prefers.” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. Since “television” is a A. I object, prefernot television toit noun a gerund, should be followed movies. by “to” + noun object. Incorrect. This is not a balanced B. I prefer television sentence. Since “television”tois going a noun object, notto a gerund, movies.it should be followed by “to” + noun object. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. The gerund “fishing” B.follows They “would would prefer prefer” fishing and is followed by + the gerund to “to” hiking. “hiking.” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. The infinitive“to fish” A. They would prefer to fish follows “would prefer;” therefore, it should be to hike. followed by “than + infinitive.” Click to go to next slide. Would Rather = Express preferences Subject Would Rather (not) Base Verb Object (Than + Object) (Than + Base Verb + Object) She would rather have Starbucks’ than have McDonald’s coffee. We would rather not drink alcohol. Yes/No Questions Would Subject Rather Verb Object Would I/you rather have tea? Would we/they rather have tea or coffee? Would we/they rather have tea or have coffee? Usually use “prefer” for general statements. Usually use “would prefer” or “would rather” for specific choices Refuse an offer by saying “I’d rather not” NOT “I wouldn’t rather.” These are comparison statements also. (Or + Object) (Or + verb + Object) Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. The second A. Would youdropped rather have object can be if the speaker understands the juice? context. Both are correct. The second B. Would youdropped rather have object can be if the speaker juiceunderstands or water? the context. A. I’d rather not go to San not use a second object of Bernardino than stay home. comparison. Incorrect. If you use “not,” do B. I’d rather not go to San not use a second object of Bernardino. comparison. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Both are correct. The base B. Bob would rather eat fish verb can be repeated than tofu. between the eat “than + object.” Both are correct. The base C. Both are Correct. See explanations. correct. A. Bob would rather eat verb can be repeated fish tofu. between thethan “than + object.” Correct. If you use “not,” do C. Both are Correct. See explanations. correct. Click to go to next slide. May, Could, Can = Ask Permission Example, “Could I check this book out?” “May I use your phone?” “May” and “Could” are more polite than “Can” “Please” usually goes after the subject or at the end of the sentence. Example: “Could I please borrow the car?” “Could I borrow the car, please?” “Could” for permission is present or future tense – for ability it is past tense When ask permission with “Could,” the short answer uses “may” or “can.” Example: “Could I borrow your dictionary?” “Yes, you can.” Can answer with phrases like “Sure,” “No problem,” and other informal sayings. If refusing permission, then usually offer an apology or explanation. Example: “May I sit here?” “I’m sorry, but I’m saving this seat for my friend.” Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Correct. Do not answer “could” A. “Could I borrow a pen?” permission questions with “yes, “Yes, may.” youyou could.” B. “Could I borrow a pen?” “could” permission questions “Yes, youyou could.” with “yes, could.” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Incorrect. The base verb comes A. Can I your dictionary after the subject – permission borrow? word + subject + verb. Correct. The base verb comes after B. Can I borrow your the subject – permission word + dictionary? subject + verb. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. “Please” usually goes A. May I please borrow a after the subject or at the end couple dollars? of theof sentence. Incorrect. Do not answer Incorrect. “Please” usually goes B. May please I borrow a after the subject or at the end couple dollars? of theof sentence. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide. Will, Can, Could, Would, Would you mind = Make Requests Modal Subject Base Verb Will you pick up my mother? Would you want to catch some dinner with me? Would you mind Gerund Would you mind mailing this for me? Would you mind waiting for me to finish? “Would” and “Could” more polite than “will” and “can” Can add “please” Usually give an explanation if you refuse a polite request “Would you mind” Negative answer means you will do what they want Positive answer means you are not willing to do it Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. “Please” can Both are correct. “Please” can B. Would you please go at the end of the sentence answer thesethe letters for me? or after subject. C. Both are Correct. See explanations. correct. Incorrect. Negative answers to Correct. Negative answers to “would B. “Would you mind waiting?” you mind” mean that you are willing “No,toI’m happy too.” do something. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. Would you answer these go at the end of the sentence letters for the me,subject. please? or after A. “Would you mind waiting?” “would you mind” mean that you “Yes, I’m happy too.” are willing to do something. A. Can you mother pick Incorrect. Themy verb goes after thethe subject. up at airport? B. CanThe youverb pickgoes up my Correct. after mothertheatsubject. the airport? C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide. May, Might, Could = Express Possibility Do not contract “may not” or “might not” when talking about possibility When “could” is talking about present possibility, it is not negative. Yes/No questions about possibility use “could” – not “may” or “might” “May” or “Might” can be answers to questions “Maybe” is an adverb used at the beginning of sentences “May” + “be” is a modal (may) + verb (be) Use modal + “have” + past participle for past tense Example: He might have been there yesterday. Be sure to not write “might’ve,” “could’ve” or “may’ve” as “might of,” “could of,” or “may of” Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. ThereDo could have beenof”a Correct. not use “could instead “could have.” badofaccident. B. ThereDocould of “could been aof” Incorrect. not use instead “could have.” badofaccident. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. I may needbetween an Correct. Modalnot comes the subject and verb. umbrella today. B. May notcomes I need an the Incorrect. Modal between subject andtoday. verb. umbrella C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. Correct. You couldn’t seen Need have the past participle after “have.” Mary yesterday. B.Incorrect. You couldn’t see Need have the past participle after “have.” Mary yesterday. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide. Should, Ought to = Express Probability I will be there. 100% sure I should be there. 90% sure I ought to be there. 90% sure “Should” and “Ought to” are present and future tense Use the perfect modal form when something will probably happen, but don’t know for sure. Example: Their plane should have landed by now. Also use perfect modal form for something you expect to happen that hasn’t happened yet Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. He should passed Correct. Do not have use “should of” instead of “should have.” his driving test. B. He should of use passed his Incorrect. Do not “should of” instead of “should driving test. have.” C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. MariaUse should be at modal work Incorrect. the perfect for yesterday. the past tense. B.Correct. MariaUse should havemodal beenforat the perfect the past tense. work yesterday. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. I will able toverb the Incorrect. Needtoa go base afteron theSaturday. modal. party B.Correct. I will beNeed ableatobase go verb to the afteron theSaturday. modal. party C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Click to go to next slide. Must, Must Not, Can’t = Make Deductions Use both “must” and “must not” for deductions Use “can’t” but not “can” for deductions “Must not” & “Must” when almost 100% sure “Can’t” when we are 100% sure Example: Shirley missed class. She must not be feeling well. Example: We had lunch half an hour ago. You can’t be hungry already. Use perfect modal form for past tense Use “couldn’t have” in addition to “can’t have” Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. Both are correct. But “couldn’t A. She can’t have finished have” is more common than yet. “can’t have.” Both are correct. But “couldn’t B. She couldn’t have have” is more common than finished yet. “can’t have.” C. Both are Correct. See explanations. correct. Correct. Need the past participle stopped to eat because they after “have.” B. They must not have stop to Incorrect. Need the past participle eat because they got here after “have.” early. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. Dana know must LA very Incorrect. Need a base verb well since she has lived here after the modal. so long. B. Dana must know LA very Correct. Need a base verb well since she has lived here after the modal. so long. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. They must not have got here early. Click to go to next slide. Progressive and Perfect Progressive Modals Progressive Form Subject Modal (not) Be Verb + ing You might not be working tomorrow. They should be playing now. Yes/No Questions Modal Subject Be Verb + ing Could we be training together? Perfect Progressive Form Subject Modal (not) Have Been Verb + ing You might not have been working yesterday. They should have been playing. Yes/No Questions Modal Subject Have Been Verb + ing Why should he have been studying? Verbs followed by infinitives Click on the correct sentence. A. WhyModal should Joe before have Correct. comes the subject in questions. been home early? B. WhyModal Joe should Incorrect. comes have before the subject in questions. been home early? C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. A. They must have been having an argument. B. They must have having an Incorrect. Need “have been.” argument. C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. Need “be” between C. Both are Incorrect. Try again. correct. Correct. Need “have been.” Incorrect. Need “be” between A. He could waiting for the modal and the progressive someone. verb. B. He could be waiting for the modal and the progressive someone. verb. Click to end show.