Download Unit 7 - GFF3 - Modals Part 2 Interactive

MODALS PART 2
Unit 7 Grammar Forms & Functions 3
Shall, Let’s, How About, What About, Why
Don’t, Could, Can = Make Suggestions
All these are suggestions made by questions EXCEPT “Let’s”
“Why don’t” can be a normal question OR a suggestion
“Could” and “can” are sometimes suggestions. “Could” is more polite than “can”
“Let’s” and “let us” can mean that the speaker expects the listener to agree – “Let
us” is more formal than “let’s”
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
Incorrect. Need a question
mark
suggestion
A. because
Shall wethis
leave
now. is
in the form of a question.
Correct. Need a question mark
because
is in
B. Shallthis
wesuggestion
leave now?
the form of a question.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. How about go to dinner
gerund after “how about” or
now?
“what about.”
Incorrect. Use a noun or
Correct. Use a noun or gerund
B. How about going to
after “how about” or “what
dinner
now?
about.”
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Both are correct. “If you like”
A.and
We“maybe”
can leave
if you
helpnow
indicate
suggestions
– soften the
like?
statement.
Both are correct. “If you like”
B. Maybe
wehelp
canindicate
leave
and
“maybe”
suggestions
– soften the
now?
statement.
C.
Both are
Correct.
See
explanations.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
Prefer, Would Prefer = Express preferences
Subject
(would) prefer(s)
Object
(To + Object)
I
prefer
coffee
to tea.
He
would prefer
drinking coffee
to tea.
She
prefers
to drink coffee.
Objects of “prefer” or “would prefer” can be nouns, gerunds, or infinitives.
“To + Object” is optional if both speakers understand what the second object is.
If the first object is an infinitive, do not add “to + object.”
Can use “than + another infinitive” instead
I prefer to go to the movies than to rent videos.
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
A. Mike prefers to go rock
infinitive” after an infinitive
climbing
to surfing.
after “prefers.”
Incorrect. Use “than +
Correct. Use “than + infinitive”
B. Mike prefers to go rock
after an infinitive after
climbing
than to surf.
“prefers.”
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Correct. Since “television” is a
A. I object,
prefernot
television
toit
noun
a gerund,
should be followed
movies. by “to” +
noun object.
Incorrect. This is not a balanced
B.
I prefer
television
sentence.
Since
“television”tois going
a noun
object, notto
a gerund,
movies.it should be
followed by “to” + noun object.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Correct. The gerund “fishing”
B.follows
They “would
would prefer
prefer” fishing
and is
followed by
+ the gerund
to “to”
hiking.
“hiking.”
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Incorrect. The infinitive“to fish”
A. They
would
prefer
to fish
follows
“would
prefer;”
therefore,
it should be
to hike.
followed by “than + infinitive.”
Click to go to
next slide.
Would Rather = Express preferences
Subject
Would Rather (not)
Base Verb
Object
(Than + Object)
(Than + Base Verb + Object)
She
would rather
have
Starbucks’
than have McDonald’s coffee.
We
would rather not
drink
alcohol.
Yes/No Questions
Would
Subject
Rather
Verb
Object
Would
I/you
rather
have
tea?
Would
we/they
rather
have
tea
or coffee?
Would
we/they
rather
have
tea
or have coffee?
Usually use “prefer” for general statements.
Usually use “would prefer” or “would rather” for specific choices
Refuse an offer by saying “I’d rather not” NOT “I wouldn’t rather.”
These are comparison statements also.
(Or + Object)
(Or + verb + Object)
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
Both are correct. The second
A. Would
youdropped
rather have
object
can be
if the
speaker understands
the
juice?
context.
Both are correct. The second
B. Would
youdropped
rather have
object
can be
if the
speaker
juiceunderstands
or water? the
context.
A. I’d rather not go to San
not use a second object of
Bernardino
than stay home.
comparison.
Incorrect. If you use “not,” do
B. I’d rather not go to San
not use a second object of
Bernardino.
comparison.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Both are correct. The base
B. Bob would rather eat fish
verb can be repeated
than
tofu.
between
the eat
“than
+ object.”
Both are correct. The base
C.
Both are
Correct.
See
explanations.
correct.
A. Bob would rather eat
verb can be repeated
fish
tofu.
between
thethan
“than
+ object.”
Correct. If you use “not,” do
C.
Both are
Correct.
See
explanations.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
May, Could, Can = Ask Permission
Example, “Could I check this book out?” “May I use your phone?”
“May” and “Could” are more polite than “Can”
“Please” usually goes after the subject or at the end of the sentence.
Example: “Could I please borrow the car?” “Could I borrow the car, please?”
“Could” for permission is present or future tense – for ability it is past tense
When ask permission with “Could,” the short answer uses “may” or “can.”
Example: “Could I borrow your dictionary?” “Yes, you can.”
Can answer with phrases like “Sure,” “No problem,” and other informal sayings.
If refusing permission, then usually offer an apology or explanation.
Example: “May I sit here?” “I’m sorry, but I’m saving this seat for my friend.”
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
Correct. Do not answer “could”
A. “Could I borrow a pen?”
permission questions with “yes,
“Yes,
may.”
youyou
could.”
B. “Could I borrow a pen?”
“could” permission questions
“Yes,
youyou
could.”
with
“yes,
could.”
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Incorrect. The base verb comes
A. Can I your dictionary
after the subject – permission
borrow?
word + subject + verb.
Correct. The base verb comes after
B. Can I borrow your
the subject – permission word +
dictionary?
subject
+ verb.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Correct. “Please” usually goes
A. May I please borrow a
after the subject or at the end
couple
dollars?
of theof
sentence.
Incorrect. Do not answer
Incorrect. “Please” usually goes
B. May please I borrow a
after the subject or at the end
couple
dollars?
of theof
sentence.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
Will, Can, Could, Would, Would you mind =
Make Requests
Modal
Subject
Base Verb
Will
you
pick up my mother?
Would
you
want to catch some dinner with me?
Would you mind
Gerund
Would you mind
mailing this for me?
Would you mind
waiting for me to finish?
“Would” and “Could” more polite than “will” and “can”
Can add “please”
Usually give an explanation if you refuse a polite request
“Would you mind”
Negative answer means you will do what they want
Positive answer means you are not willing to do it
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
Both are correct. “Please” can
Both are correct. “Please” can
B. Would you please
go at the end of the sentence
answer
thesethe
letters
for me?
or after
subject.
C.
Both are
Correct.
See
explanations.
correct.
Incorrect. Negative answers to
Correct. Negative answers to “would
B.
“Would you mind waiting?”
you mind” mean that you are willing
“No,toI’m
happy too.”
do something.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. Would you answer these
go at the end of the sentence
letters
for the
me,subject.
please?
or after
A. “Would you mind waiting?”
“would you mind” mean that you
“Yes, I’m happy too.”
are willing to do something.
A.
Can you
mother
pick
Incorrect.
Themy
verb
goes after
thethe
subject.
up at
airport?
B. CanThe
youverb
pickgoes
up my
Correct.
after
mothertheatsubject.
the airport?
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
May, Might, Could = Express Possibility
Do not contract “may not” or “might not” when talking about possibility
When “could” is talking about present possibility, it is not negative.
Yes/No questions about possibility use “could” – not “may” or “might”
“May” or “Might” can be answers to questions
“Maybe” is an adverb used at the beginning of sentences
“May” + “be” is a modal (may) + verb (be)
Use modal + “have” + past participle for past tense
Example: He might have been there yesterday.
Be sure to not write “might’ve,” “could’ve” or “may’ve” as “might of,” “could of,” or “may of”
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
A.
ThereDo
could
have
beenof”a
Correct.
not use
“could
instead
“could have.”
badofaccident.
B. ThereDocould
of “could
been aof”
Incorrect.
not use
instead
“could have.”
badofaccident.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. I may
needbetween
an
Correct.
Modalnot
comes
the
subject and
verb.
umbrella
today.
B. May
notcomes
I need
an the
Incorrect.
Modal
between
subject andtoday.
verb.
umbrella
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. Correct.
You couldn’t
seen
Need have
the past
participle
after “have.”
Mary yesterday.
B.Incorrect.
You couldn’t
see
Need have
the past
participle
after “have.”
Mary yesterday.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
Should, Ought to = Express Probability
I will be there.
100% sure
I should be there. 90% sure
I ought to be there. 90% sure
“Should” and “Ought to” are present and future tense
Use the perfect modal form when something will probably happen, but don’t know for sure.
Example: Their plane should have landed by now.
Also use perfect modal form for something you expect to happen that hasn’t happened yet
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
A. He should
passed
Correct.
Do not have
use “should
of”
instead
of “should
have.”
his driving
test.
B.
He should
of use
passed
his
Incorrect.
Do not
“should
of” instead
of “should
driving
test. have.”
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. MariaUse
should
be at modal
work
Incorrect.
the perfect
for yesterday.
the past tense.
B.Correct.
MariaUse
should
havemodal
beenforat
the perfect
the past
tense.
work
yesterday.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. I will able
toverb
the
Incorrect.
Needtoa go
base
afteron
theSaturday.
modal.
party
B.Correct.
I will beNeed
ableatobase
go verb
to the
afteron
theSaturday.
modal.
party
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Click to go to
next slide.
Must, Must Not, Can’t = Make Deductions
Use both “must” and “must not” for deductions
Use “can’t” but not “can” for deductions
“Must not” & “Must” when almost 100% sure
“Can’t” when we are 100% sure
Example: Shirley missed class. She must not be feeling well.
Example: We had lunch half an hour ago. You can’t be hungry already.
Use perfect modal form for past tense
Use “couldn’t have” in addition to “can’t have”
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
Both are correct. But “couldn’t
A. She can’t have finished
have” is more common than
yet.
“can’t
have.”
Both are correct. But “couldn’t
B. She couldn’t have
have” is more common than
finished
yet.
“can’t have.”
C.
Both are
Correct.
See
explanations.
correct.
Correct. Need the past participle
stopped to eat because they
after “have.”
B. They must not have stop to
Incorrect. Need the past participle
eat because
they got here
after “have.”
early.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. Dana know must LA very
Incorrect. Need a base verb
well since she has lived here
after the modal.
so long.
B. Dana must know LA very
Correct. Need a base verb
well since she has lived here
after the modal.
so long.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. They must not have
got here early.
Click to go to
next slide.
Progressive and Perfect Progressive Modals
Progressive Form
Subject
Modal (not)
Be
Verb + ing
You
might not
be
working tomorrow.
They
should
be
playing now.
Yes/No Questions
Modal
Subject
Be
Verb + ing
Could
we
be
training together?
Perfect Progressive Form
Subject
Modal (not)
Have Been
Verb + ing
You
might not
have been
working yesterday.
They
should
have been
playing.
Yes/No Questions
Modal
Subject
Have Been
Verb + ing
Why should
he
have been
studying?
Verbs followed by infinitives
Click on the correct sentence.
A. WhyModal
should
Joe before
have
Correct.
comes
the
subject
in questions.
been
home
early?
B. WhyModal
Joe should
Incorrect.
comes have
before
the
subject
in questions.
been
home
early?
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
A. They must have been
having an argument.
B. They must have having an
Incorrect. Need “have been.”
argument.
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Correct. Need “be” between
C. Both are
Incorrect.
Try
again.
correct.
Correct. Need “have been.”
Incorrect. Need “be” between
A. He could waiting for
the modal and the progressive
someone.
verb.
B. He could be waiting for
the modal and the progressive
someone.
verb.
Click to end
show.