Download Chapter 5 Sample Quiz

1.
The number of species in a given area is known as ____________.
A. species evenness
B. species richness
C. fitness
D. genetic variation
Answer:
A. Incorrect. Species evenness is the relative proportions of
individuals within a different species. The correct answer is B.
species richness (page 122).
B. CORRECT!
C. Incorrect. Fitness is the combination of traits that improves an
individual’s ability to survive and reproduce. The correct answer is
B. species richness (page 122).
D. Incorrect. Genetic variation is the range of genotypes with a
species. The correct answer is B. species richness (page 122).
2.
__________ is the change in the genetic composition of a population over time.
A. Genotype
B. Mutation
C. Evolution
D. Phenotype
Answer:
A. Incorrect. Genotype is the complete set of genes in an
individual. The correct answer is C. Evolution (page 124).
B. Incorrect. Mutations are mistakes in the genetic code. The
correct answer is C. Evolution (page 124).
C. CORRECT!
D. Incorrect. Phenotype is the actual set of traits expressed in that
individual. The correct answer is C. Evolution (page 124).
3.
An individual’s _________ is the actual set of traits expressed in that individual.
A. fitness
B. genotype
C. realized niche
D. phenotype
Answer:
A. Incorrect. Fitness is the combination of traits that improves an
individual’s ability to survive and reproduce. The correct answer is
D. phenotype (page 125).
B. Incorrect. Genotype is the complete set of genes in an
individual. The correct answer is D. phenotype (page 125).
C. Incorrect. Realized niche is the range of abiotic and biotic
conditions under which a species actually lives. The correct answer
is D. phenotype (page 125).
D. CORRECT!
4.
When humans determine which individuals breed, we call this _________.
A. artificial selection
B. mutation
C. natural selection
D. genetic engineering
Answer:
A. CORRECT!
B. Incorrect. Mutations are mistakes in the genetic code. The
correct answer is A. artificial selection (page 126).
C. Incorrect. In natural selection, the environment determines
which individuals survive and reproduce. The correct answer is A.
artificial selection (page 126).
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is A. artificial selection (page
126).
5.
Speciation as a result of polyploidy is called __________.
A. allopatric
B. bottleneck effect
C. mutation
D. sympatric
Answer:
A. Incorrect. Allopatric speciation is the result of geographic
isolation causing reproductive isolation. The correct answer is E.
sympatric (page 131).
B. Incorrect. Bottleneck effect is the reduction in the genetic
diversity of a population cause by a reduction in its size. The
correct answer is E. sympatric (page 131).
C. Incorrect. Mutations are mistakes in the genetic code. The
correct answer is E. sympatric (page 131).
D. CORRECT!
6.
The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives is called
its ________.
A. realized niche
B. fundamental niche
C. allopatric speciation
D. environment
Answer:
A. CORRECT!
B. Incorrect. The fundamental niche is the suite of abiotic ideal
conditions. The correct answer is A. realized niche (page 134).
C. Incorrect. Allopatric speciation is the result of geographic
isolation causing reproductive isolation. The correct answer is A.
realized niche (page 134).
D. Incorrect. The environment is all of the abiotic factors in a
given area. The correct answer is A. realized niche (page 134).
7.
Environmental scientists use insect species to estimate the total number of species on
Earth. Why this information important?
A. Environmental scientists estimate the total number of species on Earth to
calculate the age of the Earth
B. Environmental scientists estimate the total number of species on Earth to have
a baseline to determine ecosystem change.
C. Environmental scientists estimate the total number of species on Earth to
determine the rate of global warming.
D. Environmental scientists estimate the total number of species on Earth to
calculate the time for Earth’s demise.
Answer:
A. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Environmental scientists
estimate the total number of species on Earth to have a baseline to
determine ecosystem change (page 123).
B. CORRECT!
C. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Environmental scientists
estimate the total number of species on Earth to have a baseline to
determine ecosystem change (page 123).
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Environmental scientists
estimate the total number of species on Earth to have a baseline to
determine ecosystem change (page 123).
8.
A stand of trees is composed of four species of trees with the following relative
proportions: 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. What type of information is this?
A. Species richness
B. Species evenness
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Answer:
A. Incorrect. The correct answer is C. Both A and B (pages 122–
123).
B. Incorrect. The correct answer is C. Both A and B (pages 122–
123).
C. CORRECT!
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is C. Goth A and B (pages 122–
123).
9.
Natural selection favors any combination of traits that improves an individual’s fitness.
Which is NOT example of improved fitness?
A. Blue feathers in dusky-headed conures
B. Hairs on the old man of desert
C. Waxy cuticles of aloe
D. Tap root of the mammillaria cactus
Answer:
A. CORRECT!
B. Incorrect. The correct answer is A. Blue feathers in duskyheaded conures (page 125).
C. Incorrect. The correct answer is A. Blue feathers in duskyheaded conures (page 125).
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is A. Blue feathers in duskyheaded conures (page 125).
10.
Which factor most affects genetic drift?
A. Founders
B. Small population
C. Genetic engineering
D. Large population
Answer:
A. Incorrect. Founders are those individuals that give rise to an
island population causing the founder effect. The correct answer is
B. Small population (page 129).
B. CORRECT!
C. Incorrect. Genetic engineering is used to copy genes from a
species with some desirable trait and inserting those genes into
another species. The correct answer is B. Small population (page
129).
D. Incorrect. In large populations, the genetic composition tends to
remain the same. The correct answer is B. Small population (page
129).
11.
In regards to artificial selection and natural selection, which statement below is TRUE?
A. Natural selection proceeds at a much quicker rate.
B. Artificial selection proceeds at a much quicker rate.
C. The use of genetic engineering requires extensive generations to see the results.
D. Humans are the driving force behind natural selection.
Answer:
A. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Artificial selection proceeds
at a much quicker rate (page 134).
B. CORRECT!
C. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Artificial selection proceeds
at a much quicker rate (page 134).
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Artificial selection proceeds
at a much quicker rate (page 134).
12.
The Earth is experiencing the sixth global mass extinction. Humans are the main cause of
this extinction. Which statement is NOT true?
A. Habitat destruction is the leading cause of species extinction.
B. Organisms will be able to adapt quickly to the dramatic changes made by
humans.
C. Introduction of invasive species is causing native species to be pushed to
extinction.
D. Recovery from the sixth mass extinction could take nearly 500,000 human
generations.
Answer:
A. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Organisms will be able to
adapt quickly to the dramatic changes made by humans (page 139).
B. CORRECT!
C. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Organisms will be able to
adapt quickly to the dramatic changes made by humans (page 139).
D. Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Organisms will be able to
adapt quickly to the dramatic changes made by humans (page 139).