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Getting started…Let’s Understand Where We’re Going
Ch. 6: ROME –
From Republic…
[509 – 44 B.C.]
Republic – a type of government where power rests with
the citizens who are allowed to vote for their leader,
usually an elected President, not a monarch / king.
…to Empire !
[43 B.C. – 476 A.D.]
Empire – when several territories, regions,
peoples are placed under a single, sovereign
authority creating one huge “country”.
See Timeline in Textbook, p. 138-139
or on front of your CH 6 packet.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.139; Packet p. 15
BRITAIN
GAUL
Alps Mts.
Tiber R.
Black Sea
• Rome
Greece
SPAIN
Carthage .
Mediterranean Sea
Alexandria .
EGYPT
AFRICA
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3
753 B.C. Rome is founded,
according to legend
The legend of Romulus and Remus,
twin sons of the god Mars
and a Latin princess,
were raised by a she-wolf.
Textbook, p.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
1. How did geography affect the development of Rome?
It’s strategic location on the sea
and fertile soil on the Tiber River.
Textbook, p.
141
“Beginnings of Rome”
Three Groups on the Italian peninsula:
• Etruscans - were native to northern Italy.
They were skilled metalworkers and engineers.
The Etruscans strongly influenced the
development of Roman civilization.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3
753 B.C. Rome is founded,
according to legend
600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes
king of Rome.
1. How did geography affect the development of Rome?
It’s strategic location on the sea
and fertile soil on the Tiber River.
2. How did the Etruscans influence the development
of Rome?
Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet,
the arch in building, and religious ideas.
Did Latin
evolve from old Etruscan writing?
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Left: Bronze tablets from 6 century B.C.
showing Etruscan writing
bear striking similarity to Latin letters
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3
600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes
king of Rome.
2. How did the Etruscans influence the development
of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet,
the arch in building, and religious ideas.
Invention of Concrete! A Keystone!
And The Arch! Led the Romans to become Master Builders!
Roman military
legions crossing a
bridge in Spain –
one of many
Roman bridges
that still stand
today in Europe.
Legion – Roman
military units.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
A Keystone is
the “secret” to
an Arch-way.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3
600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes
king of Rome.
2. How did the Etruscans influence the development
of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet,
the arch in building, and religious ideas.
Right:
A Roman
Bath house.
Left: The
Pantheon Temple to
“all the gods”
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
The Pantheon -Temple to“all the gods,” built by
Emperor Hadrian in 118 A.D. It had the largest
dome in the world until 1436. The Pantheon became
a Christian Church in 609.
Rome, Italy.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.141; Packet p. 3
Besides the Etruscans, the Romans also borrowed religious ideas from the Greeks.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3
753 B.C. Rome is founded,
according to legend
1. How did geography affect the development of Rome?
600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes
king of Rome.
2. How did the Etruscans influence the development
of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet,
It’s strategic location on the sea
and fertile soil on the Tiber River.
the arch in building, and religious ideas.
509 B.C. Roman aristocrats
overthrow monarchy
and establish a republic.
3. Which were the main groups that competed for power
in the early Roman republic?
Patricians (the upper class)
and the Plebians (ordinary people)
Republic – a type of government where power rests with the citizens
who are allowed to vote for their leader,
usually an elected President, not a monarch / king.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3
509 B.C. Roman aristocrats
overthrow monarchy
and establish a republic.
Patricians lived well in Rome, and
usually had several slaves.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
3. Which were the main groups that competed for power
in the early Roman republic?
Patricians (the upper class)
and the Plebians (ordinary people)
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.142; Packet p. 3
600 B.C. An Etruscan becomes
king of Rome.
2. How did the Etruscans influence the development
of Rome? Romans would adopt Etruscan alphabet,
the arch in building, and religious ideas.
509 B.C. Roman aristocrats
overthrow monarchy
and establish a republic.
3. Which were the main groups that competed for power
in the early Roman republic?
451 B.C. Officials begin writing the
Twelve Tables
4. What is the significance of the Twelve Tables
in Roman law? Became basis for all future
Patricians (the upper class)
and the Plebians (ordinary people)
Roman laws and established the principle that all
citizens had a right to protection under the law !
“Twelve Tables” -the earliest law code, drawn from religious and secular custom.
It was published on tablets of bronze or wood and placed in the Roman
forum – the marketplace, or main public center of any Roman town.
In Rome, Italy today one can tour
the ruins of the old Roman Forum.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
See pic in textbook, p. 142
See Models of Roman Forum, http://www.quiknet.com/~fifi/index50.html
http://www.cvrlab.org/projects/real_time/roman_forum/roman_forum.html
The Roman Republic
Packet, p. 3; Part B
THE REPUBLIC
of the United States of America
JUDICIAL
JUDICIAL One of Rome’s
tribunes – Judges chosen from and for the
The Supreme
Court,legacies
many great
plebians, their offices were established to protect the
as well as state, and local justices
plebeians from arbitrary actions of patrician senators.
adopted later in the
EXECUTIVE
2 consuls – two leaders! [hoping to prevent
all-power residing in one single man]
presided over the Senate, brought forward legislation
(law proposals), served as generals in military
campaigns, represented Rome in foreign affairs.
legal principles
and government
EXECUTIVE
The Presidentfound in
the United States today
is shown here.
LEGISLATIVE
the U.S. Congress
What is it?
LEGISLATIVE
(Senate
Senate – representative body of appointed men
and the House of Representatives)
who were the law-makers and principle
________________________________
decision-makers.
Dictator – in times of emergency / crisis, all
power given to this one individual,
and then, only for 6 months !
The Roman Senate in session.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.
390 B.C. – Gauls sack Rome.
; Packet p. 3
5. How did Rome regain control of Italy after getting
attacked by the Gauls? Rome rebuilt the city,
conquered all rivals, and began empire-building
with a lenient policy toward people it conquered.
More on the Roman legionaires…
http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/legions.html
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
As Rome’s expansion begins…
one Rival stands in her way…
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
The First Punic War, 264-241 BC, grew immediately out of a quarrel
between the cities of Messana (now Messina) and Syracuse both on the
island of Sicily. One faction of the Messanians called on Carthage for help
and another faction called on Rome. The Strait of Messana, which
separates the Italian Peninsula from Sicily, was of extreme strategic
importance, and both powers responded. The Punic army arrived in Sicily
first, arranged a peace between Messana and Syracuse, and established
a garrison. Upon its arrival, the Roman army ejected the Carthaginians
from the garrison, and thus the war began.
Roman legions occupied E. Sicily and took Palermo (254) but were
effectively blocked farther west by the brilliant guerrilla warfare of
Hamilcar Barca , and they failed to take Lilybaeum, the chief Punic base.
The Romans equipped a new fleet that destroyed the Punic fleet in 241
B.C. off the Aegates (now Aegadian Isles), and Carthage sued for peace.
In the First Punic War…..
ROME WINS! Gets Sicily !
The terms were payment ($)and
the cession of Punic Sicily to Rome.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.
264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to
war, and Punic Wars begin.
6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars?
Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for
control of trade in the Mediterranean region.
1st War: Rome gains Sicily
7. What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal?
218 B.C. Second Punic War begins.
Alps Mts.
• Rome
SPAIN
Carthage .
; Packet p. 3
• Sicily
Mediterranean Sea
AFRICA
The famous Carthaginian General
HANNIBAL’S
Crossing of the Alps
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.
264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to
war, and Punic Wars begin.
6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars?
Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for
control of trade in the Mediterranean region.
1st War: Rome gains Sicily
7.
218 B.C. Second Punic War begins.
What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal?
By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal
to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to
defend Carthage.
2nd War: Rome gains Spain
Alps Mts.
• Rome
SPAIN
Carthage .
; Packet p. 3
• Sicily
Mediterranean Sea
AFRICA
CH 6: Rome – Section 1, “The Romans Create a Republic” Textbook map, p.
264 B.C. Rome and Carthage go to
war, and Punic Wars begin.
; Packet p. 3
6. What were the causes of the Punic Wars?
Power struggle between Rome and Carthage for
control of trade in the Mediterranean region.
1st War: Rome gains Sicily
218 B.C. Second Punic War begins.
7.
202 B.C. Romans defeat Hannibal’s
army.
By attacking Carthage directly, he forced Hannibal
to end his terrorizing of Italy, and return home to
defend Carthage.
2nd War: Rome gains Spain
What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal?
149 B.C. Third Punic War begins.
3rd War: Rome brutally ends
Carthage.
N. Africa becomes a
Roman province.
8. What was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome?
Rome’s expansion now gave it domination over all
the Mediterranean Sea region.
"Carthago delenda est!”
(Carthage must be destroyed.)
Cato the Elder, Roman Senator
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.