Download Benward Chapter 2

Chapter Two
The Notation of Musical Sounds:
Pitch
Brief History of Music Notation

Neumes were used prior to modern music
notation as a means to show pitch and
duration.
Brief History of Music Notation
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A six line staff was used during the 9th
century.
One line that represented F was used
during the 10th century.
A second line that represented C came
into use.
By the 17th century, the five line staff
became standardized
Staff

A graph of five lines and four spaces.
Clef
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Defines the staff
Designates the exact pitch of the line on
which it stands.
Treble Clef/ G Clef
Bass Clef/F Clef
Alto Clef
Tenor Clef
Grand Staff

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A treble and bass staff attached by a
brace.
Used by keyboard players
Lines/Spaces of the Treble and
Bass Staves
Lines/Spaces of the Treble and
Bass Staves
Ledger Lines
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Used above or below the staff so that the
higher or lower notes may be writen
Ledger lines extend the staff
Interval
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The distance between any two musical tones
Harmonic Interval: The two notes of the interval sound
together.
Melodic Interval: The two notes of the interval are
sounded successively.
Melodic Interval
Harmonic Interval
Octave

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The interval from a tone to the next tone with
the same name.
May be abbreviated 8va
System for Naming Specific Pitches