Download Earth`s Structure Vocabulary

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Earth Science Midterm Study Guide 2017
Introduction to Earth Science pages 4-11
Vocabulary:
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Topography
Earth’s Structure
Vocabulary:
Magnetosphere
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
Crust
1. Scientists believe that differences in this causes hot, plastic-like rock in the
asthenosphere to rise toward Earth’s surface.
2. Name the metal the Earth’s core is mostly made of.
3. When Earth was forming, the most ______________ materials collected together to
form the _________________________.
Minerals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
T or F Minerals can be identified based on their physical and chemical properties.
Name the five properties of minerals used to identify them.
Name the characteristics of a mineral.
Minerals are comprised of one or more _____________________
The name of the scale used to check a mineral’s hardness.
Rocks
Vocabulary:
Plastic
Cementation
Clast
Breccia rock
Intrusive rock
Extrusive rock
Gemstones
Cleavage
Streak
Fracture
Rock cycle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How quickly does the rock cycle change a rock?
From what and how quickly does volcanic glass form?
T or F Gems are prized for the great availability and beauty.
T or F Studying a rock’s texture can help scientists determine which type of rock it is.
Describe foliated rock.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
What properties make a diamond a gemstone?
T or F Sedimentary rocks may be found on the ocean floor.
T or F The deeper into Earth’s crust you go, the higher the pressure that forms
metamorphic rocks.
Tectonics
Vocabulary
Convergent plate boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
Subduction zone
Continental Drift
Convection currents
Asthenosphere
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Why did the scientific community reject Wegener’s hypothesis?
East African Rift is an example of what?
The youngest part of the ocean floor is found close to or far from ocean ridges?
According to Continental Drift, how quickly or slowly do continents move?
Where can one see the result of plate movement? Plate boundaries or abyssal plains?
T or F Earth’s magnetic field never changes direction.
The Himalaya Mountain range was formed at what kind of boundary?
When two continental plates collided, what is formed?
Explain what makes magma form a current current. Hot, less dense material
_______________, and then when it cools it _____________________.
Earthquakes
Vocabulary:
Earthquake
Normal fault
Seismologist
Strike-slip fault
Primary waves
secondary waves
Magnetometer
Richter Scale
Modified Mercali Scale
1. In what direction do S waves cause rocks to vibrate?
2. T or F Most earthquakes occur in the center of continents.
3. T or F The larger the force applied to a fault, the smaller the chance of a large
earthquake.
4. Describe movement of blocks of rock in a strike-slip fault.
5. How do S waves act when they hit the liquid outer core?
6. Where do most earthquakes occur?
7. Which of the three types of seismic waves causes the most destruction? Hint:
Remember that is nothing inside the Earth to be damaged except rock.
Written Answers
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List the layers of the Earth starting in the center and working outward to the crust.
Describe each layer.
In your own words, explain the theory of Plate Tectonics and its effect on our
understanding of Earth. You should include your knowledge of plate boundaries and
the landforms that are created at these boundaries.
Explain why the Earth has a magnetic field.
What evidence did Wegener give for Continental Drift?