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Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________ Athens’ Golden Age and Peloponnesian War Study Guide Big Ideas (Peloponnesian War) - Conflict between which groups - Events leading up the Peloponnesian War - Events during the War - Final Outcome of the Peloponnesian War Vocabulary and Events (Peloponnesian War) Alliance Delian League An Agreement or Treaty between 2 or more groups to help each other An alliance created after the Persian Wars led by Athens to help create unity and raise a standing navy against outside invaders. The alliance consisted of Athens, Plataea, Miletus, and some Greek colonies and islands. Peloponnesian League An alliance created before and re-established after the Persian Wars to protect each other. Alliance included Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, Olympia and many others. Embargo To restrict a group from trading Thucydides Pericles (Note sheet #49) Athenian General and leading historian who fought in and wrote about the Peloponnesian War. He stated that the war started because the Spartans were fearful of the growth and wealth of Athens. An Athenian statesman and General who helped lead the people of Athens throughout the Golden Age and at the start of the Peloponnesian War. Two major powers fighting for control over Greece (Athens and Sparta) Creation of Alliances (Delian and Peloponnesian League) Sparta was worried about Athenian wealth and power Athens built a huge Navy Causes of the Peloponnesian Wars Each league pledge loyalty to their own city-states (including going to war for one another) Megarian Decrees- trade embargo on Megara Athenian control over trade and resources Thebes attacked Plataea, bringing everyone into the war Sparta burned farms and fields around Athens Explain the Important Events of the Peloponnesian Wars 431 B.C.E. 415 B.C.E. 405 B.C.E. 404 B.C.E. Start of the Peloponnesian War and Athens and Sparta officially fighting against one another. The irony is that the war actually started with Thebes (Peloponnesian League) attacking Plataea (Delian League). Sparta jumped on this and surrounded Athens and burned their farms and tried to stop them from bringing food and resources in and out of their city. The Sicilian Expedition was an invasion by the Athenians with their naval boats to the island of Sicily. This event started up the Peloponnesian War again and was a devastating defeat for the Athenian Army and Navy. Most of the Army was taken as prisoners and the majority of their fleet wiped out by the Spartans. A major naval victory by Sparta against Athens at Aegspotami. Sparta was helped by Persia with Naval boats, money and timber to build more. Led by Lysander, Sparta was able to capture 170 Athenian Ships on the sore as well as 3000 soldiers. End of the Peloponnesian War which led to the destruction of Athens. They were forced to sign a peace treaty and had to give in to a lot of Sparta’s demands. Including a reduced Navy of 12 ships, pay tribute and destroy the city walls in and around Athens. List the outcome of the Peloponnesian War: Athens surrendered and asked for peace Destroy the Long Walls Couldn’t rebuild a fleet of more than 12 ships Pay tribute to Sparta Recognize Sparta as the Greek Power Final Outcome: Weakened all Greek City-States including Sparta Golden Age of Athens Describe key ideas in the boxes below: Acropolis- A high hill found in ancient cities where important buildings were sometimes built. Parthenon – The most famous temple found in Greece built on top of the acropolis in honor of Athena. It dates back to the rebuilding of Athens after the Persian Wars. Sculpture- a 3 dimensional figured made from wood, stone and clay. Phidias – Famous sculptor in Athens who created a huge statue of Athena with a shield made of Gold which was in the Parthenon. Temple of Delphi- A place where Greeks went to receive an oracle from the God Apollo in the city-state of Delphi Doric- Oldest style column with no base Ionic- Thin based column with a base and spiral carving on top. Theater of Dionysus – In the citystate of Athens, this open air theater built on the side of a hill shows the Corinthian- Most decorative column technological advances made by the with a base and decorative leaves Greeks. Plays include four styles on top. including Tragic and Comic plays. Agora- A market place found in some major cities in ancient Greece. It was the area where people bought and sold goods as well as socialized and met to talk about day to day affairs. ADD Socrates- one of the greatest philosophers who encouraged people to question things that they thought they knew. (We use “Socratic Seminars” as an educational tool) Influenced future philosophers of Plato and Aristotle. Panathenaic Games- Athletic event held in Athens in honor of the goddess Athena. Events such as chariot races, foot races and pancratium (present day UFC sometimes to the death). Winners crowned with wreaths of laurel leaves and given pots filled with olive oil. Olympic Games- Another set of athletic events in Olympia in honor of Zeus. Very similar but on a larger scale because athletes came from all over the Greek World to compete. The modern day Olympic Games was influence by these games. On a separate sheet of paper explain the Golden Age of Athens and why was it considered a time of great prosperity.