Download Socrates- one of the greatest philosophers who encouraged people

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Athens’ Golden Age and Peloponnesian War Study Guide
Big Ideas (Peloponnesian War)
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Conflict between which groups
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Events leading up the Peloponnesian War
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Events during the War
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Final Outcome of the Peloponnesian War
Vocabulary and Events (Peloponnesian War)
Alliance
Delian League
An Agreement or Treaty between 2 or more groups to help each other
An alliance created after the Persian Wars led by Athens to help create unity and raise a
standing navy against outside invaders. The alliance consisted of Athens, Plataea,
Miletus, and some Greek colonies and islands.
Peloponnesian League
An alliance created before and re-established after the Persian Wars to protect each
other. Alliance included Sparta, Corinth, Thebes, Olympia and many others.
Embargo
To restrict a group from trading
Thucydides
Pericles
(Note sheet #49)
Athenian General and leading historian who fought in and wrote about the
Peloponnesian War. He stated that the war started because the Spartans were fearful
of the growth and wealth of Athens.
An Athenian statesman and General who helped lead the people of Athens throughout
the Golden Age and at the start of the Peloponnesian War.
Two major powers fighting for control over Greece (Athens and Sparta)
Creation of Alliances (Delian and Peloponnesian League)
Sparta was worried about Athenian wealth and power
Athens built a huge Navy
Causes of the
Peloponnesian Wars
Each league pledge loyalty to their own city-states (including going to war for one
another)
Megarian Decrees- trade embargo on Megara
Athenian control over trade and resources
Thebes attacked Plataea, bringing everyone into the war
Sparta burned farms and fields around Athens
Explain the Important Events of the Peloponnesian Wars
431 B.C.E.
415 B.C.E.
405 B.C.E.
404 B.C.E.
Start of the Peloponnesian
War and Athens and
Sparta officially fighting
against one another. The
irony is that the war
actually started with
Thebes (Peloponnesian
League) attacking Plataea
(Delian League). Sparta
jumped on this and
surrounded Athens and
burned their farms and
tried to stop them from
bringing food and
resources in and out of
their city.
The Sicilian Expedition was
an invasion by the
Athenians with their naval
boats to the island of
Sicily. This event started
up the Peloponnesian War
again and was a
devastating defeat for the
Athenian Army and Navy.
Most of the Army was
taken as prisoners and the
majority of their fleet
wiped out by the Spartans.
A major naval victory by
Sparta against Athens at
Aegspotami. Sparta was
helped by Persia with
Naval boats, money and
timber to build more. Led
by Lysander, Sparta was
able to capture 170
Athenian Ships on the sore
as well as 3000 soldiers.
End of the Peloponnesian
War which led to the
destruction of Athens.
They were forced to sign a
peace treaty and had to
give in to a lot of Sparta’s
demands. Including a
reduced Navy of 12 ships,
pay tribute and destroy
the city walls in and
around Athens.
List the outcome of the Peloponnesian War:
Athens surrendered and asked for peace
Destroy the Long Walls
Couldn’t rebuild a fleet of more than 12 ships
Pay tribute to Sparta
Recognize Sparta as the Greek Power
Final Outcome:
Weakened all Greek City-States including Sparta
Golden Age of Athens
Describe key ideas in the boxes below:
Acropolis- A high hill found in
ancient cities where important
buildings were sometimes built.
Parthenon – The most famous
temple found in Greece built on top
of the acropolis in honor of Athena.
It dates back to the rebuilding of
Athens after the Persian Wars.
Sculpture- a 3 dimensional figured
made from wood, stone and clay.
Phidias – Famous sculptor in Athens
who created a huge statue of Athena
with a shield made of Gold which
was in the Parthenon.
Temple of Delphi- A place where
Greeks went to receive an oracle
from the God Apollo in the city-state
of Delphi
Doric- Oldest style column with no
base
Ionic- Thin based column with a
base and spiral carving on top.
Theater of Dionysus – In the citystate of Athens, this open air theater
built on the side of a hill shows the
Corinthian- Most decorative column
technological advances made by the with a base and decorative leaves
Greeks. Plays include four styles
on top.
including Tragic and Comic plays.
Agora- A market place found in
some major cities in ancient Greece.
It was the area where people bought
and sold goods as well as socialized
and met to talk about day to day
affairs.
ADD
Socrates- one of the greatest
philosophers who
encouraged people to
question things that they
thought they knew. (We use
“Socratic Seminars” as an
educational tool) Influenced
future philosophers of Plato
and Aristotle.
Panathenaic Games- Athletic event
held in Athens in honor of the
goddess Athena. Events such as
chariot races, foot races and
pancratium (present day UFC
sometimes to the death). Winners
crowned with wreaths of laurel
leaves and given pots filled with
olive oil.
Olympic Games- Another set of
athletic events in Olympia in honor
of Zeus. Very similar but on a larger
scale because athletes came from all
over the Greek World to compete.
The modern day Olympic Games
was influence by these games.
On a separate sheet of paper explain the Golden Age of Athens and why was it considered a time of great prosperity.