Download Parts of Sentence Test Review

Parts of Sentence Test Review
Name: ________________________
Class Period: ___________________
Fill in the blanks with definitions for:
Subject - who or what the sentence is about.
Predicate - the part of the sentence that says something about the subject
Phrase – a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does NOT contain the subject and the verb.
Verbal – a word formed from a verb but is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. There are three types of verbals:
gerunds, infinitives, and participles.
Gerund – a verb ending in “ing” that functions as a noun rather than a verb. Remember, nouns can be substituted by
pronouns.
Infinitive – created with the word “to” plus a verb. Is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Participle – a verb functioning like an adjective. Ex. The girl, listening to music on her ipod, completed her homework
Appositive – a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to replace or rename it.
Absolute –a group of words that modifies a whole sentence consisting of a noun or pronoun, an “ing” or “ed” verb, any
any related modifiers.
(noun or pronoun) + (participle) + (comma) = absolute phrase
Prepositional – includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called an object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the
object.
SKILLS NEEDED
1. Create your own sentences
2. Label different parts of sentences
3. Identify different types of phrases
Fill in the blanks with the different forms of the verb.
Verb
Dedicate
Infinitive
To dedicate
Gerund
Dedicating
Participle
Dedicated
Revise
To revise
Revising
Revised
Know
To know
Knowing
Knew
Translate
To translate
Translating
Translated
Write
To write
Writing
Written
Verbals
There are 3 types of verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.
In this exercise, underline the verbal or verbal phrase in each sentence. Above each verbal or verbal phrase, write
gerund, gerund phrase, participle, participial phrase, infinitive, or infinitive phrase.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The plan accepted by the mayor involved a tax cut. Participial phrase
Destiny expected the paper airplane to fly. infinitive
Feeling dizzy, Olivia stopped and took a break. Participial phrase
The weight of the sack made it difficult to carry. infinitive
My uncle Preston from Michigan enjoys canoeing. gerund
The squeaking wheel alerted the mechanic to a potential problem. participle
Getting up early in the morning is sometimes a challenge. Gerund phrase
We bought a new wrench to fix the leaky faucet. infinitive
The forgotten treasure lay at the bottom of the sea for three hundred years. participle
Fascinated, Breanna stood and admired the mural for several hours. participle
Decide how the underlined word groups are used in each of the following sentences. Options for each sentence are
given in parentheses. Circle the correct option.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The tools used by some ancient cultures are impressive. (adverb or adjective)
They went to the park to have a picnic. (adverb or adjective)
My favorite writer for young readers is Suzanne Collins. (adverb or adjective)
We were happy with the results. (adverb or adjective)
Looking down at his shoes, Jake noticed they had toes. (adverb or adjective)
Underline the phrases in each of the following sentences. Then, above each phrase, write participial phrase, gerund
phrase, infinitive phrase, appositive phrase, or prepositional phrase.
1. Before the invention of the tractor (prepositional phrase), farmers used oxen or other animals to pull the plows
(infinitive phrase).
2. One farm worker, the plowman (appositive), would walk behind the plow (prepositional phrase) to guide it
(infinitive phrase).
3. Another worker would stand in front of the oxen (prepositional phrase) to guide them (infinitive phrase).
4. Raising a crop (gerund phrase) was a strenuous job.
5. One part of the job was plowing the soil (gerund phrase), a difficult task (appositive phrase).
6. Fertilizer, an important ingredient for a productive crop (appositive phrase), was added to the soil (prepositional
phrase).
7. A farmer would walk across the field (prepositional phrase), spreading the fertilizer (participial phrase).
8. To nourish the ground (infinitive phrase), the farmer would work the fertilizer into the ground (prepositional
phrase).
9. Sowing the seeds (gerund phrase) was the next step.
10. Unfortunately, some of the seeds (prepositional phrase) would be eaten by birds (prepositional phrase).
Comeback Surfer
(1)Surfing in the ocean doesn’t come without risk. (2) From riptides and sandbars to stingrays and sharks, danger
lurks in every wave. (3) Bethany Hamilton, now in her twenties, knows these dangers all too well.
(4)Growing up in Hawaii, Bethany learned how to surf at an early age, thanks to her parents and two brothers. (5) By
the time she was eight years old, she was competing in and winning surfing competitions. (6) A sponsor approached
Bethany a few years later, helping her to become a professional surfer before she was even a teenager.
(7) When Bethany was thirteen years old, she learned just how dangerous surfing can be. (8) During a morning surf,
a fourteen-foot tiger shark ripped her left arm off just below the shoulder. (9) Lost more than sixty percent of her blood,
she likely wouldn’t have survived had it not been for the quick thinking of those with her. (10) They paddled her back to
shore and created a makeshift tourniquet out of surfboard leash.
(11) After an emergency surgery and seven days in the hospital, Bethany began living her life again and even
returned to surfing just one month after the attack. (12) With only one arm, Bethany went on to win first place in a
national championship and third in her first world competition. (13) Now she surfs pro full time.
(14) Through TV interviews, her biography, and now a movie, Bethany’s story inspired millions to never give up,
no matter what the odds say.
1. Is the word surfing a gerund or a participle in sentence 1? How do you know?
It is a gerund. It is being used as the subject of the sentence. Nouns can always be replaced with pronouns. So, if you
took out the gerund phrase (Surfing in the ocean) and replace it with “it”, the sentence still makes sense.
2. Which part of speech is the infinitive in sentence 4 acting as?
Adverb. It is describing what she learned to do.
3. Why is the word helping in sentence 6 not a gerund?
Helping is being used as a participle .
4. How should sentence 9 be written correctly?
Lost should be Losing.
5. How do you know that the to in sentence 11 is not part of an infinitive?
To have an infinitive you must have “to” + a verb. In this case it is “to” + plus a noun. Surfing is a gerund that follows the
“to”.
6. What is the infinitive in sentence 12?
To win
Possible Open Response Questions:
Elie Wiesel, a Hungarian Jew, was transported to one of the most deadly concentration camps during World War II. He
said, “I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always
take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented.” From
his experiences, he wrote the book Night.
1. Choose one of the following prompts to answer in a well-developed paragraph. 2. In your answer you must
include a gerund/gerund phrase, infinitive/infinitive phrase, and participle/participial phrase. 3. You must circle
the gerund/gerund phrase, box the infinitive/infinitive phrase, and underline the participle/participial phrase.
a. Offer two motivations for people to be able to face dangers, showing courage in the face of terrible personal
consequences. Give examples.
b. What have you faced in your life that was incredibly difficult, yet you eventually triumphed over your circumstances.
c. What lessons did you learn from dealing with a difficult situation?
d. Are human beings innately evil or do people develop such traits as a result of circumstances?
e. Do you believe suffering produces personal growth? Explain.
f. Is there a purpose in suffering?