Download Lessons 5-6 - Laurel County Schools

LESSONS 5-6
DARTS:
1. I can understand the role a participial plays in a sentence.
2. I can understand that, because gerunds always act as nouns, they are placed
where a noun would be placed in a diagram.
PARTICIPLES AND PARTICIPIAL PHRASES:
A. Participial Phrase
Place a participial phrase on a bent line, like that of a prepositional phrase. The
form of the diagram helps us see that the phrase is a modifier.
--Write the participle in a curve along the line.
--As an adjective, a participle or a participial phrase is placed directly below the
noun or pronoun it modifies.
EXAMPLE: Stopping suddenly, I almost fell.
B. Participle with a Complement
A participial phrase may have a complement, just like a sentence or a
prepositional phrase, and it is diagrammed in a similar way.
--When a participle has a direct object, place the object after a vertical line.
--When a participle has a predicate adjective or predicate nominative, place
that complement after a line that slants to the left.
EXAMPLE: Carefully reviewing books for children, Russell stays busy.
GERUND PHRASES:
A. Gerund Phrase
The basic diagram for a gerund phrase is a line similar to that of a prepositional
phrase or participle.
--However, draw a stair step, rather than a slanted line, at the left side.
--Curve the gerund around the stair step.
--When a gerund acts as a subject, direct object, object of a preposition, or
predicate nominative, place the stair step on a pedestal where it would go if it
were simply a noun.
EXAMPLE: The lease forbids keeping any pets on the premises.
B. Gerund Phrases as Indirect Objects
When a gerund acts as an indirect object, place the stair step diagram under
the verb, joined to the main line by a slanted line.
EXAMPLE: His lecture gave traveling to South America new dimensions.
C. Gerund Phrases as Appositives
When a gerund or gerund phrase acts as an appositive, place it on a pedestal
to the right of the noun or pronoun it identifies, renames, or explains. Place
parentheses around the bottom of the pedestal.
EXAMPLE: We mastered one sport, playing tennis.
EXERCISE 3:
1. Turning away, the exhausted runner cried.
2. He held a basket brimming with fruit.
3. Going without sleep, many volunteers worked into the night.
4. This deserted island offers peace and tranquility.
5. From the beehive came a loud buzzing noise.
6. Paul loved working in the garden.
7. His favorite activity was hiking through the woods.
8. Achieving the position of senator will be very difficult.
9. Clark’s fear, injuring his elbow, kept him on the bench.
10.All of Jill’s friends like helping her with the projects.