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STRUCTURES OF MATTER ACCESSING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE \\PDC\StaffRedirectedFolder\pkurtishi\Docum ents\Science\7th grade\Structure of Matter\accessing prior knowledge.pdf HOOK ACTIVITY SMALLEST BIT Pre-Activity Discussion 1. What are atoms? 2. What is an element? 1. The smallest unit of matter. 2. An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. Smallest Bit Activity \\PDC\StaffRedirectedFolder\pkurtishi\Docum ents\Science\7th grade\Structure of Matter\Smallest bit activity.pdf SMALLEST BIT ACTIVITY DISCUSSION 1. How many times were you able to cut the paper in half? 2. How many times would you guess you would have to cut the paper strip in half to get down to the size of an atom? Now look at the Periodic Table of the Elements. This is a chart of the known elements and their characteristics. 3.Look at the element Hydrogen (H). What do we mean when we talk about the substance called hydrogen? Hydrogen is a substance, called an element, made up of only hydrogen atoms. 4. Do you think all atoms are the same size? No. Atoms of different substances have different sizes. They are all, however, very, very small - too small for us to see. D.S.Q JANUARY 9, 2017 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What are atoms? How many parts make up an atom? What are those parts called? What is the periodic table? 1. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up an element 2. 3 parts 3. Protons, Neutrons and electrons 4. A table that organizes the elements WHAT’S THE MATTER? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Everything around us, including ourselves, has matter Air for example is matter because it has mass and takes up space. How about sound and light, do they have matter? Why or why not? No because they do not take up space Chemistry is the study of matter and how matter changes ATOMS A atom is a small particle that is a building block of matter 3 parts to an atom Center of an atom is the nucleus Protons, which has a positive charge and neutrons, which have a neutral charge, make up the nucleus Electrons, which are negative charged particles, move quickly around the nucleus called the electron cloud. SUBSTANCES Some types of matter are substances and some are not. A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure, or made has a composition that is always the same. For example, table salt has the same composition and properties whether it comes from sea water or salt mine. ELEMENTS An element is a substance that consists of just one type of atom. It is also a substance that CANNOT be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols Ex. C for carbon, O for oxygen, Ca for calcium ELEMENTS CONTINUED The number of protons an element has is known as the atomic number The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons LETS PRACTICE! Find the element N (Nitrogen) What is the atomic number? 7 How many protons are there? 7 How many electrons are there? 7 Find the element Ar (Argon) What is the atomic number? 18 How many protons are there? 18 How many electrons are there? 18 ELEMENTS CONTINUED The mass number is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number and the atomic number NOW LETS PRACTICE! Find the symbol Si. How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? 14 protons, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons Find the symbol K How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? 19 protons, 19 electrons, 20 neutrons Find the element Se Find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons Find the element Xe Find the number of protons, electrons and neutrons DSQ Element Symbol: Ba Element Name: __________ Atomic number: _________ Mass number:___________ # of protons: ____________ # of neutrons: ___________ # of electrons: __________ Element Symbol: Rn Element Name: __________ Atomic number: _________ Mass number:___________ # of protons: ____________ # of neutrons: ___________ # of electrons: __________ DSQ Element Symbol: Md Element Name: __________ Atomic number: _________ Mass number:___________ # of protons: ____________ # of neutrons: ___________ # of electrons: __________ Element Symbol: Es Element Name: __________ Atomic number: _________ Mass number:___________ # of protons: ____________ # of neutrons: ___________ # of electrons: __________ PRACTICE WORKSHEET ELEMENT SYMBOLS ACTIVITY All matter in the universe is made up of tiny particles called atoms. There are many kinds of atoms, depending on their structure, and each one is called an element. The Periodic Table of the Elements is a way of organizing all known elements by their physical and chemical properties. Each element has a unique name and a chemical symbol by which it can be identified. The symbol is either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by a single lowercase letter. DSQ 1. Write the word “BOOK” in your lab journal. With your class, look up the element names for each symbol in the word and list the element names. (Remember some of the elements might have 2 letters attached) Example: the word CAT : C-Carbon At-Astatine 2. Write the name “Cesar” in your lab journal. Look up the element names for each symbol in the word and list the element names. 3. Write your own name in your lab journal and try to spell it using element symbols. 4. Write as many words as you can using element symbols. Each word spelled must be followed by a list of each element name used in the word. 5. You will get 12 minute to complete this activity EXAMPLE Write the word CAT C-Carbon AT-Astatine COMPOUNDS Compound is a type of substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together For example: CO2. It has two atoms of two different elements; Carbon and Oxygen CHEMICAL FORMULAS The combination of symbols and numbers that represent compounds are called chemical formulas For example: CO2 is written as a chemical formula for carbon dioxide It shows that carbon dioxide is made from C and O atoms. The 2 next to the Oxygen is called a subscript IT means there are 2 oxygen atoms and if there is no subscript that means there is only 1 of that atom. NOW YOU TRY! Please identify how many atoms of each element. IONS! An atom or a group of atoms that have an electrical charge. How does this happen? Two parts of an atom have an electrical charge; they are protons (positive) and electrons (negative). Protons and electrons usually are equal which makes them a neutral atom. However, sometimes you can add or remove an electron, which changes the electrical charge of the atom. IONS Example: Oxygen has 8 protons and 8 electrons which makes them balanced Oxygen then lost 1 electron, now making it unbalanced. (8 protons and 7 electrons). Since we lost an electron and that has a negative charge, we have a +1 charge because we have one more positive charge than a negative. IONS VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWc3k2723I M MIXTURES Matter that can vary in composition Mixtures are formed by 2 or more substances that are physically blended together Think about the sand mixed with water at the beach. They only mix physically but chemically they do not mix. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES Is a type of mixture in which the individual substances are not evenly mixed. (The substances appear separately) HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE A mixture where the substances are mixed evenly (The substances don’t appear separately) Homogenous Mixture is also known as a solution. The substance that has a larger amount is called the SOLVENT. All the other substances are called SOLUTES HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE CONT. The solutes dissolve in the solvent Dissolve means to form a solution by mixing evenly For example, imagine pouring two glasses of apple juice from the same container. Each glass will contain the same substances (water, sugar, and the other ingredients) in the same amounts MINI LAB Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures Mini Lab!