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STRUCTURES OF MATTER
ACCESSING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
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ents\Science\7th grade\Structure of
Matter\accessing prior knowledge.pdf
HOOK ACTIVITY
SMALLEST BIT
Pre-Activity Discussion
 1. What are atoms?
 2. What is an element?
 1. The smallest unit of matter.
 2. An element is a substance made up of only one
type of atom.
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Smallest Bit Activity
 \\PDC\StaffRedirectedFolder\pkurtishi\Docum
ents\Science\7th grade\Structure of
Matter\Smallest bit activity.pdf
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SMALLEST BIT ACTIVITY DISCUSSION
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1. How many times were you able to cut the paper in half?
2. How many times would you guess you would have to cut
the paper strip in half to get down to the size of an atom?
Now look at the Periodic Table of the Elements. This is a
chart of the known elements and their characteristics.
3.Look at the element Hydrogen (H). What do we mean
when we talk about the substance called hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a substance, called an element, made up of
only hydrogen atoms.
4. Do you think all atoms are the same size?
No. Atoms of different substances have different sizes.
They are all, however, very, very small - too small for us to
see.
D.S.Q
JANUARY 9, 2017
1.
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8.
What are atoms?
How many parts make up an atom?
What are those parts called?
What is the periodic table?
1. Atoms are the smallest particles
that make up an element
2. 3 parts
3. Protons, Neutrons and electrons
4. A table that organizes the
elements
WHAT’S THE MATTER? 
 Matter
is anything that has mass and
takes up space
 Everything around us, including
ourselves, has matter
 Air for example is matter because it has
mass and takes up space.
 How about sound and light, do they have
matter? Why or why not?
 No because they do not take up space
 Chemistry is the study of matter and
how matter changes
ATOMS
A atom is a small particle that is a building
block of matter
 3 parts to an atom
 Center of an atom is the nucleus
 Protons, which has a positive charge and
neutrons, which have a neutral charge,
make up the nucleus
 Electrons, which are negative charged
particles, move quickly around the nucleus
called the electron cloud.
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SUBSTANCES
Some types of matter are substances and some
are not.
 A substance is a single kind of matter that
is pure, or made has a composition that is
always the same.
 For example, table salt has the same composition
and properties whether it comes from sea water
or salt mine.
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ELEMENTS
An element is a substance that consists of
just one type of atom.
 It is also a substance that CANNOT be broken
down into any other substance by chemical
or physical means.
 Elements are represented by one or two letter
symbols
 Ex. C for carbon, O for oxygen, Ca for calcium
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ELEMENTS CONTINUED
The number of protons an element has is
known as the atomic number
 The number of electrons is equal to the
number of protons
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LETS PRACTICE!
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Find the element N (Nitrogen)
What is the atomic number?
7
How many protons are there?
7
How many electrons are there?
7
Find the element Ar (Argon)
What is the atomic number?
18
How many protons are there?
18
How many electrons are there?
18
ELEMENTS CONTINUED
The
mass number is equal
to the sum of the number
of protons and neutrons
The number of neutrons
is equal to the difference
between the mass number
and the atomic number
NOW LETS PRACTICE!
Find the symbol Si.
 How many protons? How many electrons? How
many neutrons?
 14 protons, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons
 Find the symbol K
 How many protons? How many electrons? How
many neutrons?
 19 protons, 19 electrons, 20 neutrons
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 Find
the element Se
 Find the number of protons, electrons,
and neutrons
 Find
the element Xe
 Find the number of protons, electrons and
neutrons
DSQ
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Element Symbol: Ba
Element Name: __________
Atomic number: _________
Mass number:___________
# of protons: ____________
# of neutrons: ___________
# of electrons: __________
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Element Symbol: Rn
Element Name: __________
Atomic number: _________
Mass number:___________
# of protons: ____________
# of neutrons: ___________
# of electrons: __________
DSQ
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Element Symbol: Md
Element Name: __________
Atomic number: _________
Mass number:___________
# of protons: ____________
# of neutrons: ___________
# of electrons: __________
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Element Symbol: Es
Element Name: __________
Atomic number: _________
Mass number:___________
# of protons: ____________
# of neutrons: ___________
# of electrons: __________
PRACTICE WORKSHEET
ELEMENT SYMBOLS ACTIVITY
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All matter in the universe is made up of tiny
particles called atoms. There are many kinds of
atoms, depending on their structure, and each
one is called an element. The Periodic Table of
the Elements is a way of organizing all known
elements by their physical and chemical
properties. Each element has a unique name and
a chemical symbol by which it can be identified.
The symbol is either one capital letter or a capital
letter followed by a single lowercase letter.
DSQ
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1. Write the word “BOOK” in your lab journal. With
your class, look up the element names for each symbol
in the word and list the element names. (Remember
some of the elements might have 2 letters attached)
Example: the word CAT : C-Carbon At-Astatine
2. Write the name “Cesar” in your lab journal. Look
up the element names for each symbol in the word
and list the element names.
3. Write your own name in your lab journal and try to
spell it using element symbols.
4. Write as many words as you can using element
symbols. Each word spelled must be followed by a list
of each element name used in the word.
5. You will get 12 minute to complete this activity
EXAMPLE
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Write the word CAT
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C-Carbon
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AT-Astatine
COMPOUNDS
Compound
is a type of
substance containing
atoms of two or more
different elements
chemically bonded
together
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For example: CO2. It has two atoms of two
different elements; Carbon and Oxygen
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
The combination of symbols and numbers
that represent compounds are called chemical
formulas
 For example: CO2 is written as a chemical
formula for carbon dioxide
 It shows that carbon dioxide is made from C
and O atoms.
 The 2 next to the Oxygen is called a
subscript
 IT means there are 2 oxygen atoms and if
there is no subscript that means there is
only 1 of that atom.
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NOW YOU TRY!
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Please identify how many atoms of each element.
IONS!
 An
atom or a group of atoms that
have an electrical charge.
How does this happen?
 Two parts of an atom have an electrical charge;
they are protons (positive) and electrons
(negative).
 Protons and electrons usually are equal which
makes them a neutral atom.
 However, sometimes you can add or remove an
electron, which changes the electrical charge of
the atom.
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IONS
 Example:
 Oxygen
has 8 protons and 8 electrons
which makes them balanced
 Oxygen then lost 1 electron, now
making it unbalanced. (8 protons and
7 electrons).
 Since we lost an electron and that has
a negative charge, we have a +1
charge because we have one more
positive charge than a negative.
IONS VIDEO
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWc3k2723I
M
MIXTURES
Matter
that can vary in
composition
Mixtures are formed by 2 or
more substances that are
physically blended together
Think about the sand mixed
with water at the beach. They
only mix physically but
chemically they do not mix.
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
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Is a type of mixture in which the individual
substances are not evenly mixed. (The
substances appear separately)
HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
A mixture where the substances are mixed
evenly (The substances don’t appear
separately)
 Homogenous Mixture is also known as a
solution.
 The substance that has a larger amount is
called the SOLVENT.
 All the other substances are called SOLUTES
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HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE CONT.
The solutes dissolve in the solvent
 Dissolve means to form a solution by mixing
evenly
 For example, imagine pouring two glasses of
apple juice from the same container. Each glass
will contain the same substances (water, sugar,
and the other ingredients) in the same amounts
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MINI LAB
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Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mini Lab!