Download What is Nanotechnology?

NANOTECHNOLOGY
BASIC DEFINITION
• Engineering of functional systems
at the molecular scale.
• In its original sense, 'nanotechnology’
refers to the projected ability to
construct items from the bottom up,
using techniques and tools
Meaning of Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology is the
science and engineering of
nanometer scale objects.
• Nanotechnology
involves the manufacture
and
manipulation
of
molecules
from
1-100
nanometers in size.
BIFURCATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• NANO-SCIENCE
• NANO-ROBOTS
• NANO-SENSORS
• NANO-FABRICATION
• NANO-COMPOSITES
• NANO-ENCAPSULATION
• NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS
NANO-SCIENCE
• Nano science is the
study
of
atoms,
molecules, and objects
whose size is on the
nanometer scale.
• The word itself is a
combination of nano,
from the Greek “nanos”
(or
Latin
“nanus”),
meaning “Dwarf”, and
science.
NANO-SCIENCE
• Nanoscience
and
nanotechnology are an
extension of the field of
materials science, and
materials
science
departments
at
universities around the
world in conjunction with
physics,
mechanical
engineering,
bioengineering,
and
chemical
engineering
departments are leading
the
breakthroughs
in
nanotechnology.
Nano Devices
• Nano-devices have a size of
only a few nanometres.
The interaction of "spin
waves" emitted by two
nano-oscillators that
generate microwave
signals.
• Research has been carried
out
into
very
small
components, many of which
depend on quantum effects
and may involve movement of
a very small number of
electrons in their action.
• Such devices would act
faster than larger components.
Nano-particles
• Nanoparticles are small
lipid vesicles in the range
of nanometers (10-9m).
• The
best
way
to
characterize them is to
compare
them
with
liposomes and emulsions.
• Liposomes
and
nanoparticles
are
of
comparable size. Both
occur in the range from 20
to 1000 nm in diameter.
Whereas liposomes are
composed of one or more
bilayer
membranes,
nanoparticles are formed
by a single layered shell.
Activity of Nanoparticles
• Nanoparticles are small lipid vesicles
formed by a monolayer of phospholipids.
Whereas liposomes are typical carriers for
water substances, nanoparticles are the
ideal delivery system to transport and
protect organic agents.
• Nanoparticles are very stable and have a
high affinity to the skin. Therefore, an
enhanced
bioavailability
of
the
encapsulated material to the skin is
achieved.
Nano-robots
• Nanorobots
are miniature machines that
function on the scale of individual atoms and
molecules.
• They can work together in response to
environment stimuli and programmed principles
to produce macroscale results.
• Nano-Robots can respond with cells in the
human body at a molecular level for more
targeted diagnosis and targeted curing of
diseases.
Nanorobots Inside Our Bodies!
Here,
a
nanorobot
delivers
a
molecule to
the
organ
inlet
-represented
by the white
cylinder.
Nano-Robots
This
screenshot
shows the
molecular
identification
by collisions
contact.
In
this
diagram, you
can see the
workflow of a
nanorobot
gathering
information
and
biomolecules.
NANO-SENSORS
• Miniaturized
radiofrequency devices
• Flexible circuits and
hybrid
fluid/electronic
circuits using polymer
and
elastomer
lithography
• Integrated
chemical
and biological sensors
• Nano-Raman
spectrometer in a chip
NANO-SENSORS
• Ultra-thin carbon foils
are key components of
numerous
science
instruments currently in
space and proposed for
future space missions.
• These
foils
are
approximately 0.5 µg
cm2,
equivalent
to
approximately 3 nm or
approximately 20 atoms
thick
NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS
• Multilayered optical thin films
• Solid electrolytes
• High-temperature alloys and
ceramics
The figure
shows a
diamond like
carbon (DLC)
thin film.
• Molecular clusters for
catalysis
NANO-ENGINEERED MATERIALS
• Metal-containing
carbon nanotubes
• Molecularly
imprinted polymers
for
sensor
development
• Biologically
functional coatings
for medical implants
• Enhanced
heattransfer fluids
NANOCOMPOSITES
• Low-temperature ductility
• High
dielectric
capabilities
• Unique optical properties
• High-temperature
superplasticity
• High material strength
• Improved scratch and
corrosion resistance
• Enhanced drug delivery
• Increased
radiation
adsorption
• Improved
pathogen
mitigation
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Fuel Cells
Concentration
on
Solid
Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and
are developing new fuel cell
components and designs
using nano sized oxide
materials . These will be
used in various components
in the fuel cell and new
construction techniques to
use them more effectively.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Ignitors
• By
using
nanomaterial
precursors, a new line
of energetic materials
with
enhanced
performance can be
developed.
• This
incorporates
high safety features.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanoscale devices
Many micro-devices that
involve building features
at
the
nanoscale,
including switched, RF
comms,
guidance
systems
and
sensors
(biomedical,
pressure,
acoustic) are developed.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Modelling Structure
• This
shows
a
molecular model of the
polymeric component of
bone.
• These link the mineral
platelets
and
are
~1.5nm in diameter
and the helix has a
pitch of 10nm.
DISADVANTAGES OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
POISON / TOXICITY: It could adversely
affect the stability of cell membranes or
disturb the immune system when inhaled
or digested.
WEAPONS: The nano-weapons may be
compared to weapon concepts such as
genetically engineered bacteria or viruses
though their terrorism applications are
clear.
Reference
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