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How to Locate an Earthquake
Instructions:
Fill in the foldable with the definitions below. Cut out the foldable flower and glue the
base into your visual journal, folding the petals into the center. Then use that information
to help you colour the diagram of an earthquake. Use the below instructions to assist
you.
Diagram Instructions:
 Label the FOCUS and the EPICENTER
 P Waves travel the fastest of the three so each wave on the diagram should be
coloured in RED.
 S Waves are slower so only the first 7 waves should be coloured YELLOW.
Remember that S waves CANNOT be transferred through liquids
 Surface Waves are felt on the surface so the surface section of the diagram
should be coloured PINK
 Colour the water BLUE
Locating an Earthquake
Focus - the point underground where the rocks breaks and the earthquake begins;
usually located at a depth of less than 100km (60 miles).
Epicenter - point on the surface DIRECTLY above the focus. Surface waves travel out
from the epicenter.
Primary (P) Waves - travel the fastest of the three waves and can pass through solids,
liquids, and gases. They cause slight vibrations (compression) that would rattle dishes
on shelves, which provides a warning to people of the earthquake movement to come.
Secondary (S) Waves - travel more slowly than P waves and can pass only through
solids.
Surface Waves - slowest of the three, but their rolling motion breaks up roads and
buildings. They ripple the way water does when you throw in a pebble. This movement is
what causes one part of a building to go up while the other goes down.
Stress on the Earth
Instructions:
Cut out the following Stress Concept Map starter, map circles, and map toppers. Place
the toppers over their correct definition of the concept map that has been started for you.
Glue the topper so that you can fold along the dotted line to see the definition. Glue into
your visual journal. Fill in the blank circles with examples of landforms produced by each
type of stress. Glue circles and draw lines connecting each circle to the correct concept.
Tension - pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle;
examples include continental rifts and mid-ocean ridges
Shearing - pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions; examples include faults
and fault zones
Compression - squeezes rock until it folds or breaks; examples include ocean trenches
and mountain ranges
The Faults of the Earth
Instructions:
On the table there are plates of icing with graham crackers. The icing represents the
magma under the crust and the graham crackers represent the continental tectonic
plates. You need to perform THREE movements to demonstrate the three different types
of fault.
Foldable Instruction:
Cut out the three fault diagrams and place them on the front flaps of the foldable. Also
glue the correct name of the fault above the diagram on the front of the flap. Inside the
flap describe each fault and NAME what type of boundary each fault can be found (ex.
Transform, divergent, and convergent - one of each). Define the terms in the middle of
your foldable.
Normal Fault - tension forces pull two blocks of rock apart, stretching them. Block above
fault moves down relative to block above fault. Location: Found where boundaries move
apart. (Transform, divergent, OR convergent)
Strike-Slip Fault - two blocks of rock slide horizontally past one another in opposite
directions. Location: where boundaries slide past. (Transform, divergent, OR
convergent)
Reverse Fault - compression forces push two blocks of rock together with block above
fault moving up relative to the block below the fault. Location: Found where boundaries
come together (Transform, divergent, OR convergent)
Fault - break in the rock of Earth’s crust
Hanging Wall - block of rock that lies above the fault
Foot Wall - block of rock that lies below the fault.