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SCIENCE 1206 – Ecology Unit Test
Part 1:
1. What is an example of a biotic factor?
a)
b)
c)
d)
acid rain
predators
temperature
nutrient levels
2. What are wind, waves, running water, and sunlight all examples of?
a)
b)
c)
d)
abiotic factors
popular factors
renewable resources
unrenewable resources
3. What is a step by step sequence showing how organisms feed on each other called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ecosystem
food chain
population
ecological flow
4. What term is different from all the others means photosynthesizer ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
autotroph
carnivore
consumer
heterotroph
5. Food chains are not as stable as a food web, why is this true?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Food webs contain more species providing for less feeding relationships.
Food webs contain more species providing for more feeding relationships.
A food chain has many different pathways for energy.
A food chain has producers for energy.
6. Examine the following food chain:
Algae
Capelin
Cod fish
Human
What organism in this food chain would be considered to be a secondary consumer?
a)
b)
c)
d)
algae
capelin
human
cod fish
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
What is a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area called?
ecosystem
community
population
niche
8. Pilot fish swim along side whales feeding off of debris from the whales mouth. What type of
relationship is demonstrated by the interaction between pilot fish and whales?
a) commensalism
b) mutualism
c) parasitism
d) predation
9. What is an example of parasitism?
a) a birds nest in a tree
b) tapeworms in the stomach of a dog
c) birds eating ticks on a rhino’s back
d) a lichen
10. What description best fits with the term albedo?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the ability of an object to radiate heat
the ability of an object to reflect light
the ability of an object to absorb light
the ability of an object to absorb heat
11. What type of organisms might be identified as pioneer organisms?
a)
b)
c)
d)
fir trees
migratory birds
lichens and algae
small shrubs
12. What climax community would one find on the island of Newfoundland?
a)
b)
c)
d)
deciduous trees (ex. birch and maple)
coniferous trees (ex. fir and spruce)
mostly grasses
small shrubs
13. At each stage of the food chain the concentration of pesticides become greater. What is this
called?
a)
b)
c)
d)
first-generation pesticides
second-generation pesticides
bioaccumulation
bioamplification
14. Robins fighting for space in a lawn to collect worms would be an example of?
a)
b)
c)
d)
interspecific competition
parasitism
commensalism
intraspecific competition
15. Spring runoff of nitrogen and phosphate in fertilizers
a)
b)
c)
d)
helps improve the quality of waterways
promotes the growth of excess amounts of algae
provides more oxygen for fish and other aquatic organisms
is generally beneficial to the environment
16. Which biome do we live in?
a)
b)
c)
d)
tundra
boreal forest
temperate deciduous forest
grasslands
17. Which of the biomes has the least amount of precipitation on an annual basis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
tundra
boreal forest
temperate deciduous forest
grassland
18. Which of the biomes has highly acidic soil?
a)
b)
c)
d)
deciduous forest
grassland
tundra
boreal forest
19. What type of organisms carry out cellular respiration?
a)
b)
c)
d)
consumers
producers
plants
all organisms
20. In the process of nitrogen fixation, What do bacteria in the roots of legume plants convert
nitrogen gas into?
a)
b)
c)
d)
ammonium
nitrites
nitrates
nitrogen oxide
21. What biome has permafrost and very low precipitation each year?
a)
b)
c)
d)
tundra
boreal forest
grassland
temperate deciduous forest
22. What biome has very changeable weather and 40 cm of precipitation or more per year?
a)
b)
c)
d)
tundra
boreal forest
grassland
temperate deciduous forest
23. Animals get their source of nitrogen
a) from their food.
b) directly from the atmosphere.
c) from nitrates in the soil.
d) from the water they drink.
24. Which of the processes listed below will remove CO2 from the air?
a) denitrification
b) respiration
c) photosynthesis
d) nitrification
25. Oxygen found in the atmosphere is mainly produced by which process?
a) Bacterial decay
b) Volcanic eruptions
c) Cellular respiration
d) Photosynthesis
26. The process of photosynthesis is described as
a) carbon dioxide + oxygen → sugar + water.
b) carbon dioxide + sugar → oxygen + water.
c) carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen.
d) sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
27. A maggot is an example of a:
a) decomposer
b) producer
c) primary consumer
d) top carnivore
28. Which of the following is an abiotic part of an ecosystem?
a) grass
b) bacteria
c) water
d) bird
29. Which of the following best defines an ecosystem?
a) All the interactions between living things in a biome.
b) All the interactions between non-living things in a biome.
c) All interactions between trophic levels in a biome.
d) All of the interactions between living things and their environment in a biome
30. The term “primary consumer” is used to define an organism that
a) eats only plants for energy.
b) eats only animals for energy.
c) makes its own food for energy.
d) doesn’t need any food for energy.
31. Which biome has the most biodiversity?
a) Tundra
b) Boreal Forest
c) Temperate Deciduous Forest
d) Tropical Rain Forest
32. The mathematical equation that best describes the population growth is:
a) population growth = births + deaths – immigration – emigration
b) population growth = births + emigration – deaths – immigration
c) population growth = births + immigration – deaths – emigration
d) population growth = immigration + emigration – births – deaths
33. Which factor below could be classified as a density independent factor:
a) drought
b) food shortage
c) increased predation (number of predators increased)
d) competition for mates
34. The carrying capacity of a population is defined as:
a) the maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely in an ecosystem
b) the maximum number of offspring a species could produce if resources are unlimited
c) the nutrient that is in the least supply and limits the population size
d) the limited range of abiotic factors range within which an organism can survive
35. The nitrogen cycle is most likely to contain which substances:
a) CO; CO2; Na2CO3
b) C6H12O6; CO2; H2O
c) N2; NH4; NO3
d) H2O vapour; liquid H2O; CO2
36. An example of a density-dependent limiting factor of a species could be:
a) drought
b) forest fire
c) volcano eruption
d) disease
Long Answer Section
Answer questions in the space provided. Show all work where applicable
1) Identify the four trophic levels for this food chain.
algae
eagle
crustacean
(2 marks)
fish
bald
algae trophic level
____________________________________
crustacean trophic level
____________________________________
fish trophic level
____________________________________
bald eagle trophic level
_____________________________________
2) List two biotic and two abiotic factors that might cause a population to decrease.
(4 marks)
Biotic factor
#1:__________________________________________________
Biotic factor
#2:__________________________________________________
Abiotic factor
#1:_________________________________________________
Abiotic factor
#2:_________________________________________________
3) Describe what will happen with the release of DDT into the food chain below. In
your description the name of the process should be included.
(3 marks)
DDT in water
zooplankton
(aquatic plant)
small
fish
4) Define and provide an example for the following:
a) Density-dependent factor
b) Density-independent factor
large
fish
bald
eagle
(3 marks)
5) Design a food web from the Tundra, Boreal Forest, Deciduous Forest, or Grasslands
biome. Your food web must contain at least 5 living things and 4 trophic levels.
The names of the living things instead of labeled drawings are acceptable.
(3 marks)
6) In January 2000, the hare (rabbit) population in a forest ecosystem was 100. For
the entire year, the following data for hares (rabbits) was obtained:
births = 50
deaths = 35
immigration = 5
Calculate the population of hares in January 2001.
emigration = 3
(1.5 marks)
7) Which level of organism has the least energy available to it and explain why.
(1.5
marks)
Beetle
Spider
Sparrow
Hawk
8.
Mexico
United States
a) Which country is showing a very fast population growth?
Sweden
(1 mark)
b) Hypothesis why Sweden has a higher percentage elderly population than the
USA.
(1 mark)
9. Describe 4 ways in which (coniferous) trees of the boreal forest are adapted to the snowy winter?
10. Human activities have had a huge impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Describe three human
impacts on either of these cycles, and describe three things humans are doing to negate our impact on
theses cycles. You must tell me:
- what the impacts are
-why they are affecting the cycles
-what we are doing to negate the affect
-why our actions will repair the problem
11. In a community there are 5000 ferns, 1500 slugs, 15 sparrows, and 1 hawk.
(a) Draw a pyramid of numbers to represent this community.
(b) What would you have to do to construct a pyramid of biomass?
(c) Suppose a toxin were introduced to control the slugs. Explain why the toxin may be found in higher
levels in the hawk.