Download Honors Physics – Midterm Review 2010

Honors Physics – Final Exam Cumulative Review 2014
Mr Sample
TOPICS:

Kinematics
Distance, Speed, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Constant Acceleration,
Vectors, Motion Graphs

Newton’s Laws (1D and 2D)
3 Laws, Freefall, Air Resistance, Application, Friction, Gravity, Tension, Normal, Inclines

Projectiles, components, relative motion

Circular & Gravitation

Work & Energy
Work done by various forces, Kinetic & Potential Energy, Springs, Hooke’s Law,
W/E Theorem, Conservation of NRG

Momentum
Momentum, Impulse, Conservation of Momentum, Types of Collisions, and Energy
transformation

Special & General Relativity
Time dilation, length contraction, speed of light, spacetime, energy-mass equivalence,
gravitational time dilation, tests of general relativity, experimental proof examples

Fluids
Pressure, Density, Floating, Bernoulli’s, Archimede’s Principle, Flow Rate

Waves & Sound
Characteristics, Doppler, Harmonics, Standing Waves, Interference, Resonance,
Sound, Diffraction, Behavior at Boundaries, Nodes & Antinodes, Types of Waves

Light

NO GEOMETRIC OR WAVE OPTICS
HONORS PHYSICS: FINAL EXAM REVIEW PROBLEMS:
2014
1. Which of the following quantities is not a vector?
A. distance B. displacement C. force D. velocity E. momentum
2. At a constant speed of 27.0 km/h how far will a car travel in 1.50 s?
3. What is the stopping distance of a car with initial speed 10.0 m/s that decelerates uniformly at a rate
of 2.0 m/s2 ?
4. A certain object moves 60.0 m northward in 12.0 s. It then immediately changes direction and moves
80.0 m westward in 5.00 s. Determine the average velocity of this object’s motion – the result has a
magnitude of?
5. Starting from rest a cyclist attains a speed of 8.00 m/s over a distance of 12.0 m. Determine the rate
of acceleration.
6. A ball is thrown directly upward with initial speed 4.0 m/s. What is the velocity of the ball 0.50 s later?
7. On a planet in a distant galaxy far, far away, an alien drops a rock off a cliff. The rock takes 10.0 s to
fall 15.0 m straight down. Determine the value of g on this alien world.
8. The initial velocity of a certain object is 18.0 m/s, 0.0º as it accelerates 4.00 m/s2, 180.0o for 9.00 s.
Determine the distance traveled by this object during this time.
Questions 9-14
9. What is the car’s displacement from t = 18s to t = 26s?
10. Find the car’s average speed for the entire graph.
11. The car’s maximum speed would be closest to?
12. Find the car’s speed at t = 20.0 s.
13. During what time interval does the car’s velocity point westward?
14. What point in time does the car’s acceleration point westward?
15. An airplane flies with velocity 400.0 km/h, 140.0º (40.0º north of west). Which of the following are
the components of this velocity? (Assume positive x = east and positive y = north.)
16. Find the resultant of the two vectors: 10.0 m, 45.0º and 5.00 m, 270.0º.
17. An arrow is fired horizontally from a height of 1.50 m above a horizontal field. The arrow lands
25.0 m away in the field. Find the speed with which the arrow was fired.
18. A football is kicked with velocity 16.0 m/s, 40.0º. How far does it travel over level ground before
hitting?
Questions 19-23
19. What time interval is the helicopter’s speed
increasing?
20. The magnitude of the helicopter’s acceleration is
decreasing during what time period?
21. Find the magnitude of the helicopter’s
acceleration at t = 6 s.
22. What is the direction of the helicopter’s acceleration at t = 6 s?
23. Determine the distance traveled by the helicopter during the interval of time from t = 5 s to t = 9 s.
24. A book rests upon the top of a table. The gravity acting on the book is 15 N downward. If this is the
“action”, what is the “reaction”, according to Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion?
A. The table exerts a force of 15 N upward on the book.
B. The book exerts a force of 15 N downward on the table.
C. The book exerts a force of 15 N upward on the table.
D. The book exerts a force of 15 N upward on the Earth.
25. A net force of magnitude 0.50 N acts of an object with mass 250 grams. The magnitude of the
object’s acceleration is?
26. A bricklayer lifts a brick of mass 2.7 kg and accelerates it upward at 3.0 m/s2 . What is the magnitude
of the force that the bricklayer exerts on the brick?
27. What is the mass of an object that weighs 25 N?
28. A box of weight 30.0 N is pushed across a level floor by an applied force of 20.0 N. If the
coefficient of friction is 0.15, what is the resulting acceleration of the box?
29. A downward force of 10.0 N is exerted on a baseball while it is falling in freefall. It has a mass 0.145kg.
Determine the time for the baseball to accelerate downward from rest to a speed of 20.0 m/s as a result of
this action.
30. A block of mass 10.0 kg rests upon a ramp where the coefficient of static friction is 0.45. The ramp is
inclined 20.0º relative to horizontal. A rope parallel to the surface is used to pull the block up the ramp.
What is the minimum tension in the rope that will start the block moving?
31. A 300.0 N crate is dragged across a level floor at a constant velocity by a rope that forms an angle of
60.0º with the floor. If the tension in the rope is 150 N what is the coefficient of friction?
32. Safety engineers estimate that an elevator “car” can hold 20 persons of 75kg average mass. The car
itself has a mass of 500kg. Tensile strength tests show that the cable supporting the car can tolerate a
maximum force of 29.6kN. What is the greatest acceleration that the elevator’s motor can produce in
the fully loaded car without breaking the cable?
33. A person stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator at rest on the ground floor of a building. The
scale then reads 836N. As the elevator begins to move upward, the scale reading briefly increases to
935N but then returns to 836N. As the elevator reaches the 20th floor, the scale reading briefly drops to
782N and then once again returns to 836N once it has stopped. (a) Determine the elevator’s
acceleration as its speed increases. (b) Determine the elevator’s acceleration as its speed decreases.
34. A 40 kg crate is pulled across the ice with a rope. A force of 100N, 30o is applied by the rope.
Assume friction is negligible. (a) Determine the acceleration of the crate. (b) Determine the normal
force that the crate exerts on the ice.
35. A sled is pulled across level snow with a force of 225N along a rope that is 35.0o above horizontal. If
the sled is moved a distance of 65.3 m, how much work is done?
36. A 100kg piano is pushed at a constant speed up a 4.00m ramp of incline 10.0o. It takes 220N of
force to push the piano along the ramp. (a) Find the work done by the person pushing. (b) Find the
work done by gravity. (c) Find the work done by normal force. (d) Find the work done by friction. (e)
Find the amount of friction.
37. A constant upward force of 442N is applied to a stone that weighs 32N. The upward force is applied
through a distance of 2.0m, and the stone is then released. To what height, from the point of release,
will the stone rise?
38. A ball of mass 2.00 kg is launched straight up with kinetic energy equal to 100.0 J. What is the
maximum height to which it will travel above its launch point?
39. A spring with constant k = 600.0 N/m is attached to the front end of a lab cart as shown below. The
cart and spring, total mass 1.60 kg roll at speed 3.00 m/s until the spring hits the barrier. What will be
the maximum rate of acceleration as the cart bounces off the barrier (which does not move)?
40. A kid throws a 0.500 kg rock straight up by applying a constant upward force of 80.0 N as the rock is
lifted 1.20 m and release. Find the kinetic energy of the rock at the instant it is released.
41. An object of mass 20.0 kg and initial velocity 10.0 m/s, 0.0º is subject to a certain force that acts for
a certain period of time. The final velocity of the object is 5.00 m/s, 90.0º. What is the magnitude of the
net impulse that acts on the object, causing this change?
42. Fuel is burned at a rate of 1200 kg/s by a certain rocket engine. The exhaust gases leave the nozzle of the
rocket engine with speed 2100 m/s. What is the thrust of such a rocket engine?
43. Two asteroids undergo an inelastic collision in deep space, far away from any other objects. Before
the collision the two asteroids have: total momentum equal to 2500 kg m/s and total kinetic energy
equal to 3.3 MJ. Immediately after the collision, which of the following would be true of these totals?
A. total momentum = 2500 kg m/s; total kinetic energy = 3.3 MJ
B. total momentum = 2500 kg m/s; total kinetic energy < 3.3 MJ
C. total momentum < 2500 kg m/s; total kinetic energy = 3.3 MJ
D. total momentum < 2500 kg m/s; total kinetic energy < 3.3 MJ
44. A 2575 kg van runs into the back of an 825 kg compact car at rest. They move off together at 8.5m/s.
Ignoring friction, a) find the initial speed of the van b) find the loss of KE .
45. A certain rollercoaster has a vertical loop with radius 5.0 m. In order that the people riding the
rollercoaster do not come out of their seats at the top of the loop, what is the minimum speed at that
point?
46. A kid twirls a yo-yo of mass 0.100 kg in a circle on the end of its string that is 0.60 m long. If the
yo-yo completes 10.0 revolutions every 4.00 s, what is the tension in the string. Ignore gravity and
air resistance.
47. An object moves at constant speed along a circular path. Which of the following correctly describes
the force(s) acting on such an object?
A. The net force is directed toward the center of the circle.
B. The net force is directed directly away from the center of the circle.
C. The net force is directed tangent to the circle.
D. Although there must be a force toward the center there must also be a force away from the center
48. A satellite is placed in orbit 6.00 x 105 m above the surface of Jupiter. Jupiter has a mass of
1.90 x 1027 kg and a radius of 7.14 x 107 m. Find the orbital speed in m/s, of the satellite.
49. A car rounds an unbanked curve (radius = 92 m) without skidding at a speed of 26 m/s. What is the
smallest possible coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road?
50. One kilogram of iron (density ~7.8 gm/cm3) and 1 kilogram of aluminum (density ~2.7 gm/cm3) are
dropped into a pool. Which has the largest buoyant force on it?
a) Iron b) Aluminum c) Both are the same. d) Neither has a buoyant force on it.
51. An ideal fluid flows through a long horizontal circular pipe. In one region of the pipe, it has
radius R. The pipe then widens to radius 3R. What is the ratio of the fluid speeds in the region
of radius R to the speed of the fluid in region with radius 3R?
A) 1/3 B) 1/6 C) 1
D) 3
E) 9
52. Water is in the big beaker in the figure on the left. Scale 1 reads 56N, scale 2 reads 926N,
and scale 3 reads 0N. The hanging block has a density of 10 × 103 kg/m3. What does scale 1
read after the block is fully lowered into the beaker of water?
53. A hydraulic press allow large masses to be lifted with small forces as a result of
which principle?
A) Pascal’s
B) Bernoulli’s C) Archimedes’ D) Huygens’ E) Newton’s
54. 50 cm3 of wood is floating on water, and 50 cm3 of iron is totally submerged.
Which has the greater buoyant force on it?
A) The wood. B) The iron.
C) Both have the same buoyant force.
55. Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is
the water pressure greater?
A) Point A
B) Point B
C) Same at both A and B
D) Cannot be determined based on info
56. A glass tube is bent into the form of a U. A 50.0 cm height of olive oil in one arm is found to balance
46.0 cm of water in the other. What is the density of the olive oil?
A) 920 kg/m3
B) 1080 kg/m3
C) 230 kg/m3
D) 0.920 kg/m3
57. A metal cube, 2.00 cm on each side, has a density of 6600 kg/m3. Find its apparent mass when it is
totally submerged in water.
A) 0.439 g
B) 8.01 g
C) 12.2 g
D) 44.8 g
58. What are the total force and the absolute pressure on the bottom of a swimming pool 2.6m by 0.6m
hose uniform depth is 2.0m?
59. A certain wave has wavelength 2.0m and undergoes one complete cycle in 0.10s. What is the speed
of this wave?
60. The length of a certain pipe is 0.70m and it is open at both ends. What is the lowest frequency
tuning fork that will resonate with the pipe? Use speed of sound 350m/s.
61. A standing wave is formed in an elastic cord such that a node is 0.10m away from an adjacent
antinode. If the frequency of this standing wave is 80.0Hz, what is the speed of waves in the cord?
62. Transverse waves within the string of a certain musical instrument have speed 210 m/s. The 3rd
harmonic frequency of this string is 330 Hz. What is the length of the string?
63. When a sound wave passes from air into water, which of the following would not change?
A. amplitude B. wavelength C. speed
D. frequency
64. A certain wave has wavelength 2.0 m and undergoes one complete cycle in 0.10 s. What is the
speed of this wave?
A. 0.20 m/s
B. 1.9 m/s
C. 2.1 m/s
D. 20 m/s
65. When driven by a 120 Hz vibrator, a string has transverse waves of 31 cm wavelength traveling along
it. (a) What is the speed of the waves on the string? (b) If the tension in the string is 1.20 N, what is the
mass of 50 cm of the string?
A) (a) 387 m/s, b) 0.00043 g
C) (a) 37 m/s, (b) 0.43 g
B) (a) 0.0026 m/s, b) 43.5 g
D) (a) 3720 m/s, (b) 16.2 g
66. A flexible cable, 30 m long and weighing 70 N, is stretched between two poles by a force of 2.0 kN. If
the cable is struck sideways at one end, how long will it take the transverse wave to travel to the other
end and return?
A) 0.33 s
B) 0.65 s
C) 3.6 s D) 1.0 s
67. A locomotive moving at 30.0 m/s approaches and passes a person standing beside the track. Its
whistle is emitting a note of frequency 2.00 kHz. What frequency will the person hear (a) as the train
approaches and (b) as it recedes? The speed of sound is 340 m/s.
A) (a) 1.84 kHz (b) 2.19 kHz
B) (a) 2.19 kHz (b) 1.84 kHz
C) (a) 2.18 kHz (b) 2.18 kHz
D) (a) 1.82 kHz (b) 1.82 kHz
68. Determine the length of the shortest air column in a cylindrical jar that will strongly reinforce the
sound of a tuning fork having a vibration rate of 512 Hz. Use u=340 m/s for the speed of sound in air.
A) 16.6 cm
B) 33.2 cm
C) 37.6 cm
D) 266 cm
69. A long, narrow pipe closed at one end does not resonate to a tuning fork having frequency of 300 Hz
until the length of the air column reaches 28 cm. (a) What is the speed of sound in air at the existing
room temperature? (b) What is the next length of column that will resonate to the fork?
A) (a) 0.68 km/s, (b) 56 cm
B) (a) 0.27 km/s, (b) 14 cm
C) (a) 0.34 km/s, (b) 84 cm
D) (a) 0.13 km/s, b) 7.3 cm
70. The three lowest resonant frequencies of a system are 50 Hz, 150 Hz, and 250 Hz. The system could be
A) a tube of air closed at both ends.
B) a tube of air open at one end.
C) a tube of air open at both ends.
D) a vibrating string with fixed ends.
71. Satellites in lower orbits ________ higher orbits.
a. move faster and take less time to orbit than in
b. move slower, but take the same time to orbit as in
c. have more gravity, thus move slower than in
d. move at the same speed as in
72. Joe holds a 1 kg meter stick horizontally as he moves past Larry at 0.9c eastward. Larry measures its length
accurately and gets a value of:
a. 100 cm
b. 230 cm
c. 43.5 cm
d. 0 cm
ANSWERS:
1) A
2) 11.3m
3) 25m
4) 5.88m/s
5) 2.67m/s2
6) 0.9m/s downward
7) 0.30m/s2
8) 81m
9) 20 m, west
10) 1.9m/s
11) 10m/s
12) 2.50 m/s
13) 18 s < t < 26 s
14) t = 10.5s
15) vx = – 306 km/h, vy = 257 km/h
16) 7.37 m, 16.3º
17) 45.2 m/s
18) 25.7 m
19) 3.3s - 5s, 10.5s-12.2s
20) t = 10.8-12.2s
21) 2.5 m/s2
22) eastward
23) 25.0 m
24) D
25) 2.0 m/s2
26) 34.6 N
27) 2.55 kg
28) 5.1 m/s2
29) 0.254s
30) 75.0 N
31) 0.44
32) 5.0 m/s2
33) 1.16m/s2 , -0.63m/s2
34) 2.16m/s2, 342N
35) 12,035Nm
36) 880J, -680.7J, 0, -199.3J, 49.8N
37) 25.6m
38) 5.10m
39) 58.1m/s2
40) 90.1J
41) 223Ns
42) 2.5MN
43) B
44) 11.2m/s, 38679J
45) 7.0 m/s
46) 15 N
47) A
48) 41,954m/s
49) 0.75
50) B
51) E
52) Zero
53) A
54) B
55) A
56) A
57) D
58) 1.89x105N, 1.21x105 N/m2
59) 20 m/s
60) 250 Hz
61) 32 m/s
62) 0.96 m
63) D
64) D
65) C
66) B
67) B
68) A
69) C
70) B
71) A
72) C