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ANTICANCER DRUGS CLASSIFICATION Cyclophosphamide Alkylating Agent Alkylating agents exert cytotoxic effects via transfer of their alkyl groups to various cellular constituents. Alkylations of DNA within the nucleus probably represent the major interactions that lead to cell death. Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide ADVERSE EFFECTS Nausea and vomiting, Myelosuppression Alopecia Hemorrhagic cystitis Cyclophosphamide Acute lymphocytic leukemia Neuroblastoma Sarcomas Wilms' tumor Carcinoma of testis Carcinoma of ovary Carcinoma of cervix Carcinoma of breast Multiple myeloma Vinblastine Alkaloid derived from Vinca rosea Its mechanism of action involves depolymerization of microtubules, which are an important part of the cytoskeleton and the mitotic spindle. This results in mitotic arrest at metaphase,dissolution of the mitotic spindle, and interference with chromosome segregation. Vinblastine Vinblastine Toxicity Nausea and Vomiting Bone marrow suppression Alopecia. Clinical activity Hodgkin's disease Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Breast cancer Germ cell cancer. Doxorubicin Anthracycline antibiotics Exert cytotoxic action through four major mechanisms. (1) Inhibition of topoisomerase II. (2) High-affinity binding to DNA through intercalation, with consequent blockade of the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and DNA strand scission . (3) Binding to cellular membranes to alter fluidity and ion transport. (4) Generation of semiquinone free radicals and oxygen free radicals through an enzyme-mediated reductive process. Doxorubicin ADVERSE EFFECTS Cardio toxicity Alopecia Bone marrow depression Stomatitis Doxorubicin major clinical activity Carcinomas of the breast, endometrium, ovary, testicle, thyroid, stomach, bladder, liver, and lung Soft tissue sarcomas Neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Lymphoblastic leukemia, Multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin'slymphomas. Methotrexate Folic acid antagonist Act by interrupting the synthesis of thymidylate, purine nucleotides, thereby interfering with the formation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Methotrexate ADVERSE EFFECTS Mucositis, Diarrhea Bone marrow depression MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA Methotrexate CLINICAL USES Carcinoma of breast Carcinoma of cervix Carcinoma of lung Carcinoma of testis Carcinomas of head and neck Wilms' tumor
