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CYPRUS Chemistry Undergraduate Program at the University of Cyprus Contents General Information Credit Units, ECTS Program of Study Minor Program in Chemistry Chemistry Courses Offered to Students of Other Departments Description of Undergraduate Courses Teaching Laboratory Equipment of the Department of Chemistry Contact Persons General Information The Chemistry Undergraduate Program includes introductory Chemistry courses (Organic, Inorganic, Analytical and Physical Chemistry), Physics, Mathematics and Information Technology during the first four semesters. The last four semesters help the students to enrich their knowledge in advanced concepts and current topics of Chemistry. During the last two semesters, students work on their diploma thesis. All degree courses are based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) and gain between 5 (all electives) and 7 (all Advanced Chemistry Laboratories) credits. The curriculum courses are either obligatory or electives. Electives are normally taken during the last year of study. For completion of the requirements of the Chemistry degree, a student should complete 10 credits (2 courses) from a foreign language course and 20 credits (4 courses) from courses offered by other departments (University-wide electives), according to the rules of the University of Cyprus. Each student chooses courses from other departments with the help and approval of his/her academic advisor. Course lectures are in Greek and the students must take a final exam for each course. The final grade results from a combination of homework grades, intermediate (mid-term) exams, literature projects or laboratory reports. There are no prerequisite courses, but in a series of related courses (e.g., Inorganic Chemistry I, II, III), it is not possible to attend a class without having attended the previous course of the series. The syllabus of the elective courses may change, depending on the instructor. At the theoretical level, Chemistry is taught with lectures that are complemented by bibliographic studies and problem-solving sessions. Chemistry is, however, by nature an experimental science. For this reason, the curriculum of the Department places strong emphasis on laboratory courses, which are regarded as independent courses, and not as complements to existing theoretical courses. Besides the seven laboratory courses that have being offered for the past 7 years, the Chemical Technology Lab has been added to the new ECTS Chemistry curriculum. Obligatory courses are the major element of the undergraduate curriculum. These courses equip Chemistry graduates with all the necessary tools for employment in the local market (biochemistry labs, food analysis labs and industrial chemistry jobs). In order to achieve this objective, courses such as Biochemistry, Food Chemistry and Chemical Technology have been included as obligatory courses in the curriculum. The Diploma thesis holds a special position in the undergraduate curriculum. During the fourth year of studies, each student works for two semesters under the supervision of a member of the teaching staff, studying one of the many individual projects proposed. During the course of his/her Diploma work, the student learns to work independently, to solve laboratory problems on a daily basis, to search, study and analyze scientific literature, to give seminars to his/her fellow students in a clear and comprehensive way, and to present the results and conclusions of the thesis work. Computers are used in all aspects of the thesis, from data manipulation and evaluation to presentation of results to the final writing of the thesis text. Although a Diploma thesis does not necessarily have to be original, students usually work on original research topics that are related to the current research interests of their thesis supervisors. Credit Units, ECTS The Chemistry Undergraduate Program has been based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) since September 2005. The basic goal of this System is the development of a common methodology for the measurement of a student’s workload. One important reason for the adoption of the ECTS in Europe is the existence of a uniform transfer and accumulation system of credit units, which will correspond to each course, based on the same requirements. This, in turn, will contribute to the establishment of a Single European and Educational Place. The major use of ECTS, which is based on the information mentioned above, has to do with the exchange of students. The exchange will be much easier since the transfer of credit units from one educational system to another will not cause any problems. Program of Study (valid since September 2005) COURSES 1 st YEAR FALL SEMESTER MAS 014 Introductory Mathematics I 6 ECTS PHY 102 Physics for Chemists 6 ECTS CHE 110 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory I 6 ECTS CHE 111 Analytical Chemistry I 6 ECTS CHE 121 Introductory Chemistry 6 ECTS SPRING SEMESTER CS 003 Computer Science & Information Systems 6 ECTS MAS 015 Introductory Mathematics II 6 ECTS CHE 122 Inorganic Chemistry I 6 ECTS CHE 130 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I 6 ECTS CHE 131 Organic Chemistry I 6 ECTS COURSES 2 nd YEAR FALL SEMESTER CHE 140 Physical Chemistry Laboratory I 6 ECTS CHE 141 Physical Chemistry I 6 ECTS CHE 210 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory II 7 ECTS CHE 241 Quantum Chemistry 6 ECTS Language Studies I 5 ECTS SPRING SEMESTER CHE 221 Inorganic Chemistry II 6 ECTS CHE 230 Organic Chemistry Laboratory II 7 ECTS CHE 231 Organic Chemistry II 6 ECTS CHE 242 Physical Chemistry II 6 ECTS Language Studies II 5 ECTS COURSES 3 rd YEAR FALL SEMESTER CHE 331 Organic Chemistry III 6 ECTS CHE 340 Physical Chemistry Laboratory II 7 ECTS CHE 341 Physical Chemistry III 6 ECTS CHE 431 Biochemistry I 6 ECTS University Elective I 5 ECTS SPRING SEMESTER CHE 311 Analytical Chemistry II 6 ECTS CHE 320 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory 7 ECTS CHE 321 Inorganic Chemistry III 6 ECTS CHE 441 Chemical Technology 6 ECTS University Elective II 5 ECTS COURSES 4 th YEAR FALL SEMESTER CHE 401 Chemistry Diploma Thesis I 3 ECTS CHE 432 Biochemistry II 6 ECTS CHE 440 Chemical Technology Laboratory 6 ECTS Chemistry Elective Ι Chemistry Elective ΙΙ University Elective III 5 ECTS 5 ECTS 5 ECTS SPRING SEMESTER CHE 402 Chemistry Diploma Thesis II 6 ECTS CHE 403 Chemistry Diploma Thesis Writing 3 ECTS CHE 411 Food Chemistry 6 ECTS Chemistry Elective ΙΙΙ 5 ECTS Chemistry Elective ΙV 5 ECTS University Elective IV 5 ECTS CHEMISTRY ELECTIVES CHE 412 Environmental Chemistry CHE 413 Specific Topics in Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis CHE 414 Metallic Ions in Biological Systems, Environment and Health CHE 421 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Organometallic Chemistry) CHE 422 Surface Chemistry CHE 423 Bioinorganic Chemistry CHE 433 Organic Photochemistry CHE 434 Biochemical and Molecular Techniques CHE 435 Retrosynthetic Analysis in Organic Chemistry CHE 436 Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry CHE 437 Introduction to Computational Chemistry CHE 442 Special Topics in Physical Chemistry CHE 443 Polymer Chemistry CHE 445 Catalysis CHE 446 Special Topics in Molecular Spectroscopy Minor Program in Chemistry The minor program in Chemistry includes 10 (ten) Chemistry courses (58-60 ECTS). These courses constitute the one third of the major program in Chemistry. The minor degree in Chemistry includes both mandatory and elective courses. The mandatory courses provide the big picture of Chemistry, while the elective courses give to students the opportunity to focus on topics that are more interesting to them. There are four course categories in four different levels (the level is defined by the first digit of the three-digit course code, i.e. 111 is a first-level course, while 411 is a fourth-level course): Category Α: 3 theoretical courses of level 1 Students should choose three of the five theoretical Chemistry courses with the code 1xy(x and y are numbers from 0 to 9). The theoretical Chemistry courses of level 1 are the following: CHE 111 Analytical Chemistry I CHE 121 Introductory Chemistry CHE 122 Inorganic Chemistry I CHE 131 Organic Chemistry I CHE 141 Physical Chemistry I Category Β: 3 laboratory courses of level 1 Students should take two laboratory Chemistry courses: one laboratory course of level 1 with the code 1x0 and one laboratory course of level 2 or 3 with the codes 2x0 or 3x0. The numbers x of the laboratory courses should be the same as the numbers xof the theoretical courses taken from category Α, so that the laboratory courses are compatible with the theoretical courses. The laboratory Chemistry courses are the following: CHE 110 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory I CHE 130 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I CHE 140 Physical Chemistry Laboratory I CHE 210 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory II CHE 230 Organic Chemistry Laboratory II CHE 320 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory CHE 340 Physical Chemistry Laboratory II Category C: 2 theoretical courses of levels 2 or 3 Students should choose three theoretical Chemistry courses that are compatible with those taken from category Α and have codes 2xyor 3xy. When the courses have the same number x are considered compatible. The theoretical Chemistry courses of levels 2 or 3 are the following: CHE 221 Inorganic Chemistry II CHE 231 Organic Chemistry II CHE 241 Quantum Chemistry CHE 242 Physical Chemistry II CHE 311 Analytical Chemistry II CHE 321 Inorganic Chemistry III CHE 331 Organic Chemistry III CHE 341 Physical Chemistry III Category D: 2 electives Students should choose two Chemistry courses that can be: a. 4 th-year Chemistry electives or mandatory courses with codes 4xy (with the approval of a faculty member) b. More courses from Category Α (codes 1xy) c. More laboratory courses from Category Β with compatibility demands (codes 2x0 or 3x0) d. More courses from Category C with compatibility demands (codes 2xy or 3xy) For a better understanding, the following three examples are provided. Example 1 (specialization in Inorganic Chemistry) Category Α: CHE 121, CHE 122, CHE 141 CategoryΒ: CHE 140, CHE 320 CategoryC: CHE 241, CHE 221, CHE 321 CategoryD:CHE 422, CHE 423 Example 2 (specialization in Physical Chemistry) Category Α: CHE 111, CHE 121, CHE 141 Category Β: CHE 140, CHE 340 Category C: CHE 241, CHE 242, CHE 341 CategoryD:CHE 441, CHE 445 Example 3 (specialization in Organic Chemistry) Category Α: CHE 141, CHE 121, CHE 131 Category Β: CHE 130, CHE 230 Category C: CHE 221, CHE 231, CHE 331 CategoryD:CHE 433, CHE 435 Note: Courses with the code number z1ycorrespond to the analytical chemistry and the food science areas, with the code z2y to the area of general and inorganic chemistry, with the code z3y to the organic chemistry and the biochemistry areas, with the code z4y to the areas of physical chemistry and chemical technology. Chemistry Courses Offered to Students of Other Departments Some of the first- and second-year courses are open as electives to students from other departments. These courses are the following: CHE 111 Analytical Chemistry I (6 ECTS) CHE 121 Introductory Chemistry (6 ECTS) CHE 131 Organic Chemistry I (6 ECTS) With the expected increase of academic personnel over the next few years, the Department of Chemistry will certainly offer more courses to students of other departments in the future. Description of Undergraduate Courses CHE 110 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory I (6 ECTS) Analytical Chemistry LAB I is a course of laboratory experiments focusing on classical methods of chemical analysis. The main goal of the experiments is to introduce students to analytical chemical laboratory work and way of thinking, and to provide skills for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical species in laboratory and real samples. The experiments cover the following analytical methods: 1) wet chemistry techniques of qualitative analysis, 2) classical chromatographic techniques (separation of species by paper and thin layer chromatography, and column ion exchange chromatography), 3) gravimetry, 4) volumetry (acid-base, complexometric, argentometric and redox titrations) and 5) the determination of nitrogen by Kjedahl. CHE 111 Analytical Chemistry Ι (6 ECTS) Errors and Statistical Evaluation of Analytical Data. Errors in Chemical Analysis. Application of Descriptive and Inductive Methods of Statistics to Analytical Data. Pre-Analytical Procedures. Classical and Modern Methods of Dissolution and Separation. Classical Methods of Analysis. Chemical Equilibrium and Analytical Chemistry, Equilibria in Aquatic Solutions, activity and pH. Simple and complex protolytes, Acid/Base Titrations Indicators and buffer solutions, Titration Curves, Species Distribution Diagrammes, Nonaqueous Solutions of protolytes. Complex Formation and Complexometric Titrations, Redox Reactions and Redox Titrations, solubility of salts. CHE 121 Introductory Chemistry (6 ECTS) 1. Atom (Hydrogen atom, atomic orbitals, polyelectronic atoms, electronic configuration, periodic table, atom size, ionization energy, electron affinity, oxidation state, charge). 2. Chemical Bonds and Molecular Structure (Ionic and Covalent bonds, electron coupling, electronegativity, molecular structure, Lewis structure, VSEPR theory, multiple bonds, Solid State, Metallic Bond, liquid state, solutions, gas state). 3. Thermodynamics (Free energy, enthalpy, entropy, equilibrium, stoichiometry, definitions of mole, pressure, volume, temperature and concentration, solution, chemical kinetics, activation parameters). 4. Chemical reactions (acid base theories, chemical reactions, energy, basicity-acidity, nucleophylicity-electrophylicity, potential definition, Nerst equation, redox reactions) 5. Applications (Descriptive chemistry of the elements, H 2SO 4, NH 3, Industrial applications, Enviroment). CHE 122 Inorganic Chemistry Ι(6 ECTS) Periodic table of the elements, bonds in inorganic compounds, shapes of inorganic compounds, bond polarity, electrical properties of inorganic solids. Crystal structures of metals and simple ionic compounds (NaCl, CsI, CaF2, CdI2). Basic concepts in crystallography. Thermodynamic properties of inorganic ionic materials. Systematic chemistry of the elements of groups IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB and VIIB. Transition metal elements. Theory of the structure of complexes. CHE 130 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Ι(6 ECTS) 1) Separation-Purification Methods: Extraction (Separation of Organic Compound Mixtures); Recrystallization; Distillation; Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC); Column Chromatography. 2)Isolation of Natural Products: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea; Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves; Isolation of (+)-Limonene from Orange Skin. 3) SyntheticMechanistic Organic Chemistry: Nucleophilic Substitution (Synthesis of Alkyl Halides from Alcohols); Reaction of Alkyl Halides with NaI in Acetone Solvent (S N2 Reaction); Reaction of Alkyl Halides with AgNO 3 in Ethanol Solvent (S N1 Reaction); Aldol Condensation; Nitration of Benzoic Methylester; Synthesis of N-Benzylydene Aniline; Photochemistry. CHE 131 Οrganic Chemistry Ι(6 ECTS) Fundamental concepts (atomic structure, chemical bonds, hybridization, molecular properties). Stereochemistry (conformations, cis/trans isomerism, optically active compounds, stereochemistry of reactions). Reaction mechanisms (nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions). Chemistry of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and alkyl halides. Organometallic derivatives or alkyl halides. CHE 140 Physical Chemistry Laboratory I (6 ECTS) Temperature dependence of the viscosity of liquids. Phase diagram, liquification and critical point. Use of molecular dynamics to study the states of matter. Study of Stirling cycle. Thermochemistry at constant volume and constant pressure. Chemical equilibria of complexes and indicators. Chemical Kinetics: (a) Study of a chemical reaction using volumetric determination of the product. (b) Study of a hydrolysis reaction using spectroscopic determination of the reactant. (c) Study of a saponification reaction using conductivity measurements. (d) Study of self-catalyzed and oscillating reactions. CHE 141 Physical Chemistry I (6 ECTS) Ideal and real gases. Kinetic theory of gases. Intermolecular forces, elementary theory of the liquid state. Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. Kinetics and Mechanism. Elementary reactions and their orders. Integrated rate laws. Synthetic mechanisms. Internal energy, work and heat. First law of thermodynamics. Thermochemistry. Thermodynamic and microscopic definition of entropy. Second law of thermodynamics, spontaneous processes and thermal cycles. Entropic calculations in physical and chemical processes. Third law of thermodynamics. Combination of the first and second law and free energies. CHE 210 Analytical Chemistry Laboratory II (7 ECTS) Performance of quantitative analysis experiments by means of classical methods / techniques of analysis, such as gravimetry and volumetric titrations (acid/base, redox, complexometric and precipitation titrations and instrumental methods/techniques of analysis, such as gas and liquid chromatography, UV-Vis Photometry, atomic spectroscopy (Flame Photometry and Flame-AAS), electrochemical methods (potensiometry, conductivity). The experiments are performed by two different methods (classical and instrumental) and the corresponding data is statistically evaluated and compared. CHE 221 Inorganic Chemistry ΙΙ(6 ECTS) 1. Bonding Models in Inorganic Chemistry (Ionic Bond, Lattice Energy, The Predictive Power of Thermochemical Calculations on Ionic Compounds, Covalent Character in Predominantly Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bond, Valence Bond Theory, Resonance, Formal Charge, Molecular Orbital Theory, Symmetry of Molecular Orbitals and Overlap, Bond Length-Ionization Energy-Electronic Affinity, Energy Diagrams of Molecular Orbitals of Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules - Triatomic Molecules, Electronegativity, Muliken – Jaffé Electronegativities, Group Electronegativity, Methods of Estimating Charges). 2. The Structure and Reactivity of Molecules (The Lewis Structure, VSEPR Theory, Molecular Orbitals and Molecular Structure, Structure and Hybridization, Nonbonded Repulsions and Structure, Bond Multiplicity, Experimental Determination of Molecular Structure, Simple Reactions of Covalently Bonded Molecules, Berry Pseudorotation) 3. The Solid State (The Structures of Complex Solids, Imperfections in Crystals, Conductivity in Ionic Solids, Solids Held Together by Covalent Bonding, Band Theory, Impurity and Defect Semiconductors, Solid-State Materials with Polar Bonds, High–Temperature Superconductors). 4. Chemical Forces (Types of Chemical Forces, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrates and Clathrates, Effects of Chemical Forces on Melting and Boiling Points and Solubility of Solids). 5. Acid-Base Chemistry (Brosted-Lowry, Lux-Flood, Lewis, Usanovich, Definitions for Acids and Bases, Solvent System Definition, Measures of Acid-Base Strength, Acid – Base Strength in Gas Phase and in Nonpolar Solvents, Drago’s model for Acids – Bases Interactions, Factors that Affect the Acids – Bases Strength, Definition and Classification of Acids and Bases as Hard and Soft (HSAB), Acid – Base Strength and HSAB, Factors that Affect HSAB, Electronegativity and HSAB). 6. Chemistry in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solvents (Chemistry in Solutions of Liquid Ammonia, Sulfuric Acid and Liquid Carbon Dioxide, Aprotic Solvents, Molten Salts, RoomTemperature Molten Salts, Electrochemical Potentials, Hydrometallurgy). 7. Inorganic Chains, Rings, Cages and Clusters (Homonuclear Chains, Silicate Minerals, Heteronuclear Chains, Six- and Eight-membered Aromatic Rings, Other Heteronuclear Rings, Cages, Boron Cage Compounds, Boranes, Carboranes, High Nuclearity Cages, Fullerenes, Polyoxometallates, Heteropolyoxometallates, Metal Clusters). AdvancedInorganicChemistry, CottonandWilkinson 6thEd. CHE 230 Organic Chemistry Laboratory II (7 ECTS) Risk Evaluation: R and S risk and safety codes; COSHH compliance. Unknown Identification: purification; spectroscopic analysis and identification; Laboratory Techniques: azeotropic distillation use of Dean-Stark apparatus, vacuum distillation; vacuum sublimation; short path distillation; microscale; multi-step synthesis; thin layer chromatography (TLC), spectroscopic analysis 1H and 13C NMR, IR and UV. Project Synthesis: searching the literature, Chemical Abstracts; planning and costing a 3-step synthesis; evaluating and choosing best synthetic route based on cost and safety. Report Writing: journal format; use of word processing and chemical drawing software. CHE 231 Οrganic Chemistry ΙΙ(6 ECTS) Carbonyl Chemistry: carbonyl character; nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones; chemistry of acetals and ketals; reaction of amino compounds with aldehydes and ketones; reaction of nucleophiles with carboxylic acids and esters; enols and enolates; enol alkylation; Aldol condensations and related reactions. Aromatic Chemistry: character and structure of benzene; reactions of arenes; common electrophilic reactions; orientation of electrophilic reactions; nucleophilic aromatic substitution; aromatic compounds; polycyclic compounds. Pericyclic Chemistry: cycloaddition reactions; Woodward-Hoffman rules; electrocyclic reactions; sigmatropic rearrangements. CHE 241 Quantum Chemistry (6 ECTS) Historical Background, the need for a quantum consideration of matter. The Rutherford Model, Atomic Emission spectrum of Hydrogen, Rydberg formula, Photoelectric effect. The Bohr atomic model. Wave nature of matter, De Broglie wavelength. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Stationary waves and Schrödinger equation. Probabilities, expectation values and operators. Postulates of Quantum Mechanics. Particlein-a-box as a basic quantum mechanical model. Classic harmonic oscillator. Quantum harmonic oscillator. Tunneling effects. Three-dimensional quantum chemical systems. Rigid Rotor. Spherical harmonics, angular momentum and Hydrogen atom. Complex quantum systems. Variational Principle and Perturbation Theory. Helium atom. Electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle, many-electron atoms. Molecules and BornOppenheimer approximation. Valence Bond Theory. Molecular Orbital Theory and study of simple molecules. Geometrical Character of s, p, d, f etc. orbitals. Bonding and anti-bonding orbitals, Η2+, homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Polyatomic molecules, hybridization states and connection to molecular geometry. Hückel Theory. RotationVibration spectra. Electronic Spectra, Franck-Condon principle. Hartree-Fock theory, ab initio calculations, introduction to the main semi-empirical methods of Quantum Chemical calculations. CHE 242 Physical Chemistry II (6 ECTS) Introduction to chemical thermodynamics. Chemical potential, fugacity and activity of gases, liquids and mixtures. Solutions and mixtures, colligative properties. Thermodynamic and practical equilibrium constants. Phase equilibria of pure substances. Vapor pressure. Phase transitions. Gibbs’s phase rule. Vapor-liquid equilibria, distillation, azeotropic mixtures. Electrolyte solutions, ionic strength. Electrolytic conductance. Galvanic cells, standard electrode potentials and Nernst equation. Electrolysis and transference numbers. Unimolecular reactions. Activated complex theory, dynamic potential surfaces and reaction dynamics. Catalytic and enzymatic reactions. Introduction to dynamic electrochemistry. CHE 311 Αnalytical Chemistry ΙΙ (6 ECTS) 1. Chemical Instrumentation: analytical instrument, evaluation criteria and evaluation measures of an instrument, signal transformation, reduction of noise and amplification of signal. 2. Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy: absorption and emission spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR/FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy. 3. Electroanalytical Chemistry: potentiometry, coulometry, voltametry. 4. Separation Methods: gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. CHE 320 Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory (7 ECTS) 1. Main group chemistry. Synthesis and characterization of chlorotribenzyltin(IV) and tri(propyloxy)borate 2. Vanadium Chemistry: Oxidation states, complexes, oxo and non oxo vanadium molecules. Synthesis and characterization of bis(acetylacetonate)vanadyl(IV) and tris(catecholate) anadium(IV) dis(triethylammonium). 3. Cobalt Chemistry: Synthesis, structure and kinetic stability. Synthesis and characterization of tris(ethyldiamino)cobalt(III)chloride, [(-)Co(en) 3]I 3 .H 2O and [(+)Co(en) 3]Ι 3 .H 2O 4. Copper Chemistry: Dinuclear metal complexes, bioinorganic chemistry of copper. Synthesis and characterization of aqueous copper(II) acetate, cis- and transbis(glycinate)(hydrate)copper(II). 5. Nickel Chemistry: Structure of Nickel complexes, electronic states. Synthesis and characterization of bis(hydrate)bis(acetylactonate)nickel(II), H 2Salen and [Ni(salen)]. 6. Reactivity of cobalt complexes, metal complexes as catalysts. Synthesis and characterization of [Co(phen) 3]Br 2, [Co(phen) 3](BF 4) 3, [Co(phen) 3(quin) 3](PF 6) 3 and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-quinone (quin). -Characterization of the compounds involves: a) 1H, 13C, 119Sn, 11B NMR spectroscopy 1, 3, 5, 6, 7. b) UV-Vis spectroscopy 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c) ΙR spectroscopy 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 d) Magnetic Measurments 2, 4, 5 e) Cyclic Voltametry 2, 5 f) Polarometry 3 h) Conductivity 3, 6 j) Melting point 1, 7 CHE 321 Inorganic Chemistry ΙΙΙ(6 ECTS) 1. Coordination Chemistry, Bond, Spectroscopy, Magnetism (Valence bond theory, crystal field theory, High-Low spin, symmetry, molecular orbitals, σ-, π- and δ- bonds, Infra Red spectroscopy, Visible spectra of metal complexes, forbidden-allowed transitions, TanabeSugano diagrams, Visible spectra of non octahedral complexes, magnetic properties of mononuclear complexes, magnetism of multinuclear compounds, macroscopic magnetic properties). 2. Structure (Structure and isomerism of metallorganic molecules with coordination number 1-12, enatiomeric complexes, chelate ring isomerism, experimental distinction of enantiomers, CD spectroscopy, chelate effect, macrocyclic ligands, crown ethers, selective binding, template synthesis, catenates). 3. Reactions, Kinetics and Mechanisms (Substitution reactions of square planar compounds, Trans effect, Substitution reactions of octahedral complexes, effect of crystal field stabilization to the kinetics of metal complexes, substitution mechanisms, fluctional complexes, redox reactions, inner-outer sphere mechanisms, electron transfer, electron transfer in dinuclear complexes, mixed valence compounds, light induced catalytic reactions, water oxidation, N 2 reduction. 4. Descriptive chemistry of transition metal, lanthanides and actinides (Periodic table, oxidation states, chemistry of the various oxidation states of the metal ions, chemistry of the heavier transition metals, bonding and structure of lanthanides and actinides, coordination chemistry of lanthanides and actinides, visible spectroscopy and magnetic properties of lanthanides and actinides, transuranium elements). 5. Multinuclear molecules, metal-metal bonds (Organometallic clusters, multiple metal-metal bond, structure and reactivity of the metal-metal bond, Zintl salts, polyoxometalatesheteropoyoxometalates, NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry of polyoxometalates, Supermolecular inorganic chemistry, spectroscopy of supermolecular systems). CHE 331 Οrganic Chemistry ΙΙΙ(6 ECTS) Heterocyclic Chemistry: synthesis and chemistry of 5 - and 6 - membered rings: furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole. Organic Free Radical Chemistry: radical mechanisms; functional group manipulation; C - C bond formation; Alicyclic Chemistry: origin and types of ring strain; synthesis and chemistry of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane and medium ring synthesis. CHE 340 Physical Chemistry Laboratory II (7 ECTS) Dissociation constants for weak bases, partitioning equilibria, complex stability constants, vapor-point elevation, freezing-point depression. Vapor-liquid equilibria. Study of a ternary liquid mixture. Solubilization of pollutants in micelles of surface active substances. Surface tension of solutions and mixtures. Electrochemical measurements with galvanic cells and their applications. Polarography. Transference numbers and electrolysis. Atomic spectra with a diffraction spectrophotometer. Vibration-rotation spectra using IR-Spectrometry. Quantum calculations on conjugated systems of π-electrons using Hyperchem. Magnetic properties of inorganic complexes. Light scattering from polymer solutions. Oxidation mechanism of ascorbic acid. Enzymatic hydrolysis of esters. Study of fast reaction kinetics using the stopped-flow method. CHE 341 Physical Chemistry ΙΙΙ(6 ECTS) Electromagnetic radiation and interaction with atoms and molecules. Molecular symmetry and group theory. Quantum mechanical description of the rigid rotor. Rotational spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Selection rules. Quantum mechanical description of the harmonic oscillator. Vibrational spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Vibrational-rotational spectra. Raman spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy: Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rules. Franck-Condon principle. Fluorescence. Phosphoresence. Introduction to lasers and applications. Photoelectronic spectroscopy UPS and XPS. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (ESR). CHE 401 Chemistry Diploma Thesis Ι(3 ECTS) The Diploma Thesis work is mandatory for obtaining the bachelor degree in Chemistry. In the first part of diploma thesis work the student starts to work towards a given subject under the supervisor of a faculty member. Emphasis is given to the bibliography search and mastering of methods and techniques in the laboratory. At the end of semester, the students performance is assessed by the supervisor and is given the grade “satisfactory” or “non satisfactory”. For the latter case, the student must be registered in Diploma Thesis for two additional semesters. The final grade of Diploma Thesis is given after completion of both CHE 401 and CHE 402. CHE 402 Chemistry Diploma Thesis IΙ(6 ECTS) This course is a continuation of CHE 401. In this part, the student works more towards obtaining his/her experimental data, studies, discusses and presents the data in diagrams, figures and tables. CHE 403 Chemistry Diploma Thesis Writing (3 ECTS) This course is a continuation of CHE 402, where at the end the student writes a report about his/her Diploma Thesis work. In addition, the student gives an oral presentation in front of an Examination Committee and must successfully answer various questions about his/her work. CHE 411 Food Chemistry (6 ECTS) Food and Nutrition - Energy Value. Water: Moisture determination methods. Lipids. Technology of Oils and Fats. Aminoacids. Peptides - Proteins: The role of proteins in food preparation. Proteins in various foods. Novel protein sources. Protein analysis methods. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides. Dietary fibers. Inorganic constituents of foods. Vitamins: Fat and water soluble vitamins. Additives: Colors, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilisers. Flavor: Basic tastes, artificial flavors. Non-desirable constituents in foods: Toxic substances derived from vegetable, animal and microbiological sources or from environmental pollution or technology treatment. CHE 412 Environmental Chemistry (5 ECTS) Geochemical and Elemental Cycles. Atmospheric Phenomena and Related Chemical Reactions. Aquatic Systems and Water/Wastewater Management. Soil Chemistry and Waste Deposition in Geological Formations. Chemistry and Toxicity of Toxic Metals and Xenobiotica. Analysis of Environmental Samples. CHE 413 Specific Topics in Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis (5 ECTS) Chromatographic Methods: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Applications, Ion Chromatography, Size Exclusion Chromatography. Electrophoretic Methods: Capillary Electrophoresis Sensors in Chemical Analysis: Chemical Sensors and Biosensors Kinetic Methods of Chemical Analysis Fluoresence Methods: Application of Fluorescent Tracers, Thermal Methods of Analysis. CHE 414 Metallic Ions in Biological Systems, Environment and Health (5 ECTS) The main purpose of the lecture is the presentation and description of bioinorganic systems in relation to the structure and activity of inorganic elements in organisms. Specifically, this lecture contains (a) systematic study of trace elements in biosystems (b) effect of trace elements concentration in environment and health and (c) pharmaceutical chemistry of inorganic compounds. CHE 421 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (Organometallic Chemistry) (5 ECTS) 1. Some General Comments for Organometallic Chemistry (Definition, Historical Background, Some Basic Principles in Organometallic Chemistry, Molecular Orbital Theory and the 18-Electron Rule, Counting Electrons in Complexes, π-Βοnding, The Most Important Applications of Organometallic Compounds). 2. Classification and Reactivity of Organometallic Metal Complexes (Metal Carbonyl Complexes, Carbonyl Hydride Complexes, Nitrosyl Complexes, Dinitrogen Complexes, Metal Alkyls, Carbenes, Carbynes and Carbides Alkyl Complexes, Nonaromatic Alkene and Alkyne Complexes, Allyl Complexes, Pentadienyl Complexes, Metallocenes, Arene Complexes, Substitution Reactions, Oxidative Addition, Reductive Elimination, Insertion and Elimination, Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Attack of Coordinated Ligands). 3. Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds (Alkene Hydrogenation, Tolman Catalytic Loops, Synthesis Gas, Hydroformylation, Monsanto Acetic Acid Process, The Wacker Process, Synthetic Gasoline, Ziegler-Natta Catalysis, Immobilized Homogeneous Catalysts, A Photodehydrogenation Catalyst ‘Platinum Pop’). CHE 422 Surface Chemistry (5 ECTS) Introduction: goal, definition of a surface, definition of porosity. Adsorption. Solid-liquid and liquid-gas interface. Adsorption isotherms. Sorption. Solid-gas interface. BET theory and its extensions. Characterization and measurement of porosity. Characterization methods for solid surfaces: spectroscopy, photoelectronic spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, adsorption methods, diffraction methods. Basic groups of porous materials and their applications. CHE 423 Bioinorganic Chemistry (5 ECTS) 1. General Comments on Bioinorganic Chemistry (Definition, Historical Background, Some Basic Principles in Bioinorganic Chemistry, Occurrence and Availability of Inorganic Elements in Organisms, Biological Functions of Inorganic Elements, Biological Ligands for Metal Ions, Amino acids, Peptides, Proteins, Glutathione, Coordination of Metal Ions by Oligopeptides and Proteins, Tetrapyrrole Ligands and Other Macrocycles, Nucleobases – Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (RNA, DNA) as Ligands). 2. The Most Important Biological Functions of Metal Ions (Metalloporphyrins and Respiration, Dioxygen Binding, Transport and Utilization, The Binding of Dioxygen to Myoglobin, The Physiology of Myoglobin and Hemoglobin, Structure and Function of Hemoglobin, Other Biological Dioxygen Carriers, Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll and the Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Enzymes, Structure and Function, Inhibition and Poisoning, Vitamin B 12 and the B 12 Coenzymes, Nitrogen Fixation). 3. The Biochemistry of Iron (Ferredoxins and Rubredoxins, Model Compounds, Availability of Iron, Competition for Iron, Selective Binding of Iron, Siderophores, Iron Storage Proteins). 4. More Functions of Metal Ions in Biological Systems (Trace Elements in Biological Systems, Environmental Chemistry of Metal Ions, Toxicity, Medicinal Chemistry, Chelate Therapy, Antibiotics and Related Compounds). CHE 431 Βiochemistry Ι(6 ECTS) Nucleic Acids: Structure and biosynthesis. Replication, transcription and translation. Amino Acids and Proteins: Peptide bond, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. Techniques for protein purification and characterisation. Hemoglobin: Structure, function and human genetic disease of hemoglobin chains. Molecular diagnostics of human genetic disease. Enzymes: kinetics of catalysis, regulation, co-enzymes. Sugars and polysaccharides. Lipids and biological membranes. Metabolism: Overview of thermodynamics, biological order and energy exchange. Krebs cycle. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Lipid metabolism. Cholesterol metabolism. CHE 432 Βiochemistry ΙI (6 ECTS) Advanced research and diagnostic techniques of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. Cytoskeleton: Structure, function, molecular physiology of muscle contraction and intracellular transport. Nervous system: generation and propagation of nerve impulse, neuromuscular junction, neurotransmitters. Signal transduction in intracellular communication, second messenger systems, G protein-coupled receptors. Hormones: molecular physiology of endocrine system, hormonal control circuitry, metabolic disorders. Cancer and oncogenes: molecular physiology of carcinogenesis. Gene therapy: methodology and current applications. Prions and disease. Cloning: Plants, animals, humans. CHE 433 Organic Photochemistry (5 ECTS) Qualitative molecular orbital description of electronic states. Absorption and emission of light, Jablonski diagrams. Physical and Chemical properties of excited electronic states. Mechanisms for excitation and decay of excited states. Photochemical reactions. Photochemical synthesis of carbenes. CHE 434 Biochemical and Molecular Techniques (5 ECTS) An overview of current techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The theory as well as concise protocols of various techniques will be described: cloning of DNA in plasmids and bacteriophages, transformation and selection in bacteria, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Realtime PCR, DNA sequencing, genomic DNA preparation, Southern analysis, production of genomic and cDNA libraries, RNA isolation, Northern analysis, RNase protection, in vitro transcription, reverse transcription and RT-PCR, DNA Microarrays, protein purification, Western analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, yeast two hybrid system, Ribozymes, RNA interference, tissue culture and transfection techniques, gene expression in mammalian cells, reporter assays, cell cycle analysis, growth curves, apoptosis, animal studies. Current research articles will be presented and analyzed. CHE 435 Retrosynthetic Analysis in Organic Chemistry (5 ECTS) Basic principles; chemoselectivity; regioselectivity; strategy; C-C disconnections; two group disconnections (Diels Alder reactions, 1,3-bifunctional groups, 1,5-bifunctional groups, 1,2bifunctional groups, 1,4-bifunctional groups); three-membered rings; four-membered rings; five-membered rings; six-membered rings. CHE 436 Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry (5 ECTS) Classification of drugs; Protein and nucleic acids structure; Drug action at enzymes, receptors, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA); Drug development; Pharmacodynamics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR); Antibacterial agents; The peripheral nervous system: Cholinergics, anticholinergics, and anticholinesterases; The opium analgesics; Rational approach to drug design. CHE 437 Introduction to Computational Chemistry A general overview of computational methods and their applications in the prediction of physicochemical properties of molecules. The lectures are supplemented by laboratory work where students are trained to use a quantum chemical software. The course covers force fields, semi-empirical, DFT and ab initio methods, the most common basis sets and qualitative molecular orbital theory. Problems include the use of quantum chemical software for structural optimization, IR spectrum prediction and visualization of eigenvectors, computation of thermochemical properties, 3-D modeling of molecules and visualization of molecular orbitals. An introduction to qualitative theoretical models for relating experimental data with computed quantities is also provided. CHE 440 Chemical Technology Laboratory (6 ECTS) Analysis of continuous industrial distillation process: Theory – Lab exercise. Chemical reactors (plug flow and continuous stirred tank reactors): Theory – Applications – Lab exercise. Desalination process of water: Theory of reverse osmosis – Lab exercise. CHE 441 Chemical Technology (6 ECTS) Mass balances under steady-state and non steady-state conditions. Energy balances under steady-state and non steady-state conditions - Applications of mass and energy balances. Fluid flow in pipes. Heat transfer under steady-state and non steady-state conditions - Heat Exchangers. Process analysis of sulphuric acid production. Process analysis of cement production. CHE 442 Special Topics in Physical Chemistry (5 ECTS) Introduction: Polymers and Colloids. Liquid Adsorption Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (LAC, HPLC) and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). Membrane osmometry, vapour pressure osmometry, viscometry. Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC), Field Flow Fractionation (FFF), Capillary Hydrodynamic Fractionation (CHDF). Light scattering (Dynamic Light Scattering, Static Light Scattering), Χ-ray and Neutron Scattering (SAXS, WAXS, SANS). Microscopy Techniques: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Determination of Glass Transitions of Polymers: Diastolometry, Penetrometry, broadline NMR, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Polymer characterization using Mass Spectrometry. CHE 443 Polymer Chemistry (5 ECTS) Introduction, nomenclature and uses. Condensation polymerization. Free-radical polymerization. Ionic polymerization. Photolytic, electrolytic and radiation polymerizations. Polymerization of cyclic organic compounds. Modification reactions of synthetic polymers. Biological polymers and their chemical reactions. Polymers containing inorganic elements. Relationship between macromolecular structure and properties. Electroactive polymers. Biomedical applications of synthetic polymers. CHE 445 Catalysis (5 ECTS) Concepts and terms describing the catalytic phenomenon and the causes of its origin. Concepts and terms related to the texture and structure of supported metal catalysts. Basic concepts related to the chemical adsorption and desorption processes associated with a solid surface - Temperature-programmed desorption techniques. Preparation and characterization methods of supported catalysts. Environmental catalysis: Modern de-pollution technologies (air and water pollution). Mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. CHE 446 Special Topics in Μolecular Spectroscopy(5 ECTS) Introduction to Lasers: Οperation, Q-switching, mode-locking, examples of lasers, Raman Spectroscopy: Basic theory: origin of Raman spectra, selection rules, depolarization ratios, symmetry and selection rules, Resonance Raman spectra, calculation of force constants via normal coordinate analysis, band assignments, Experimental setups and considerations, Special techniques of Raman spectroscopy: High-Pressure Raman spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Time-Resolved Raman spectroscopy, matrix-isolation Raman spectroscopy, 2D Correlation Raman spectroscopy, Raman imaging spectrometry, Non-linear Raman spectroscopy. Applications of Raman: spectroscopy in various chemical fields, Materials, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Medicine, Industry, Environment. Teaching Laboratory Equipment of the Department of Chemistry 300 MHz Avance Bruker NMR Spectrometer Gas Chromatograph Liquid Chromatograph Conductivity Meter pH Meter Refractometer Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Flame Photometer UV-Vis Spectrometer IR Spectrometer Rotary Evaporator Electrochemical System Contact Persons For any problem or question, undergraduate students and candidates for undergraduate studies may contact the Departmental Undergraduate Program Coordinator. The current coordinator of the program is: Associate Professor Anastasios D. Keramidas Tel.: 22 892764 E-mail: [email protected] Alternatively, the Secretaries of the Department may be contacted on: Tel.: 22892780 / 22892800 Fax.: 22892801 Website: http://www.ucy.ac.cy/~chemweb/