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PLANTS
Chapter 1
Review Questions
■ What types of plants do not have flowers?
■ Name one example of a plant that is vascular
■ Name one example of a plant with leaves that are
needles.
Roots
■Absorb water and minerals
■Store food
■Holds the plant to the soil/ground
Parts of the root
■ Root hair: absorb water
■ Root cap: keeps nutrients from escaping,
protects root
■ Epidermis: protection, outer layer, absorbs
water
■ Cortex: core, stores food and nutrients
Types of Roots
■ Aerial: never touch the ground, get water from rain
■ Fibrous: very thin, branch out to get water
■ Taproots: start from ground, build up
■ Prop: support the plant’s stem
Stems
■ Support the plant
– Soft Stems and
Woody Stems
– Examples:
■ Transport system for
nutrients
■ Xylem: moves water
and minerals
■ Phloem: moves sugar
from leaves to other
parts
In groups, create a diagram showing the
process of how plants use sunlight to gain
energy.
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQUk
X9S06qw
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
■ Photosynthesis:
■ Respiration:
■ NEED: carbon dioxide,
water, and sunlight.
■ NEED: oxygen.
■ Sunlight -> sugar &
oxygen
■ Oxygen & sugars
are inhaled, carbon
dioxide is exhaled
■ Oxygen leaves plant
as “Waste”
Exit Questions
■ Why do you think that people who own plants
talk to them? Will this help the plants grow?
Why/why not?
■ Can plants survive without absorbing the
carbon dioxide we breathe in? Explain
why/why not.
CLASSIFYING
ANIMALS
Intro Questions
■ What groups of animals do you think you belong in?
Why?
■ What are some things that humans can do but
animals cannot?
Simple Invertebrates
■ Sponges: do not have real tissues or organs. They
are asymmetrical
■ Cnidarians: soft-bodied creatures that have radial
symmetry to divide in parts
■ Worms: soft-bodied creatures with bilateral
symmetry to divide into 2 parts only
– Nematodes
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1YiIiPUQR
8
Tell what type of symmetry these two
shapes have
Complex Invertebrates
■ Mollusks: Have a shell, and tissues that make up tentacles.
Have bilateral symmetry
– Examples: snails, squids, clams.
• Echinoderms: skeleton is located inside the body. Have
radial symmetry
• Examples: sea urchins, starfish
• Arthropods: skeleton is located outside the body. Have
bilateral symmetry
• Examples: most insects, crabs
Vertebrates
■ Fish: 3 types (Bony, Cartilage, Jawless) Cold-blooded
– Bony have bones & nerve cord
– Jawless suck in food whole, have nerve cord
– Cartilage have nerve cord made of cartilage
■ Amphibians: can live in both land & water, cold-blooded
– Start with gills, develop lungs later
■ Reptiles: cold blooded, scaly skin
– Need warmth from sun/light, shed skin
■ Birds: 2 legs, warm-blooded, feathers, hollow bones
Quick Check
■ What 3 characteristics do vertebrates have in
common?
■ What are the 3 classes of fish?
■ Why do reptiles have to stay in the sun?
Mammals
■ Have large brains, have hair (fur) and feed their own young
Warm blooded: generate body temperature by burning food
for energy
■ Monotreme: lays eggs (platypus, spiny anteater)
■ Marsupial: Partially developed newborns stay in pouch
– Kangaroos, Koala bears
■ Placental: Fully developed newborns
– Humans, elephants, tigers
Quick Check
■ Why are humans considered mammals?
■ What does it mean to say that birds and
mammals are warm-blooded?
■ Why do mammals need to eat more than
reptiles?
Animal Systems
■ What is the purpose of your digestive system?
■ What is the purpose of your respitory system?
■ Is there any system you cannot live without? Explain
Systems
■ Respiratory: helps breathe, filters air
– Removes CO2 from blood, gets oxygen
■ Digestive: helps break down food, separates nutrients
– Stomach acid = good bacteria
■ Excretory System: filters toxins (kidneys, intestines, liver)
– Removes salt, water, carbon dioxide
Systems (Cont’d)
■ Circulatory: Heart and blood vessels transfer nutrients
– Heart gives blood oxygen, picks up nutrients in
intestines
■ Nervous: Series of messages between brain and body
– Instincts, involuntary muscles, regular movements
■ Endocrine: Releases hormones (Adrenaline)
Heart Rate Exercise
■ Check how many times your heart beats in 30
seconds while sitting down
■ 45 seconds of dancing/stretching/moving NOT
RUNNING
■ Check to see how many times you feel a beat in 30
seconds after
■ What could be another time when your heart rate
would dramatically increase? Explain