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Animal Kingdom Test Study Guide 1. To be classified as an animal, the organism must have ALL of the following characteristics: a. Eukaryotic b. Multicellular c. Heterotrophic d. Motile e. No cell walls The opposites of a-e are prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic, immobile, and has cell walls and the presence of any one of these means that the organism is not a member of the animal kingdom. 2. In regards to #1, how would the characteristics above be different for the following kingdoms: a. Bacteria: prokaryotic, unicellular, cell wall b. Protist: most unicellular, some autotrophic, cell walls c. Fungi: non-motile, cell walls d. Plants: autotrophic, non-motile, cell walls 3. To be classified as a chordate, the organism must have ALL of the following characteristics at SOME STAGE in their life cycle: 4. a. Hollow, dorsal nerve cord (spinal cord in vertebrates) b. Notochord (backbone in vertebrates) c. Tail (extends beyond the anus) d. Gills (Pharyngeal Pouches) Vertebrates have a backbone made of vertebrae. 5. Radial Symmetry: a. How many lines of division? multiple A b. Which of the pictures above have this type of symmetry? B C B c. List three other examples of animals with this type of symmetry jelly fish, coral, sea anemone 6. Bilateral Symmetry: a. How many lines of division? only one b. Which of the pictures above have this type of symmetry? C c. List three other examples of animals with this type of symmetry worms, humans, rabbits 7. Asymmetry: a. How many lines of division? none b. Which of the pictures above have this type of symmetry? A c. List the example of animals with this type of symmetry sponges 8. Contrast the following characteristics and give examples of animals that have each adaptation. Closed Circulatory System Open Circulatory System Definition System in blood is contained within a System in which blood is not always network of blood vessels contained within a network of blood vessels Examples Annelids/earthworms, Chordates/ Arthropods/ insects, spiders, lobsters, crabs mammals, reptiles, birds, fish Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Definition Structural support located inside the body of an animal Examples Starfish, mammals, fish, sharks, amphibians, birds Sexual Reproduction Process by which two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism Chordates, earthworms, mammals, some worms, clams, squid, insects Definition Examples External skeleton, tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates Arthropods/ insects, spiders, lobsters, crabs Asexual Reproduction Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself Sponges, jellyfish, some worms Definition Internal Fertilization Process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female’s body External Fertilization Process in which eggs are fertilized outside the female’s body Examples Reptiles, birds, mammals Definition Internal Development Process in which the embryo/baby grows inside the female’s body Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians External Development Process in which the embryo/baby grows outside of the female’s body Examples Mammals Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds Endotherm Animal that generates its own body heat an controls its body temperature from within Mammals; humans, ducks, rabbits, cows, dogs, cats Ectotherm Animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control its body temperature Reptiles; alligator, snakes, lizards Definition Examples 9. Identify the dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior sides of the animal below. Dorsal Anterior Posterior Ventral 10. Make sure that you review the two charts on the back on this review for the major evolutionary changes that occurred in animals.