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08-06-2017 |
Properties of the QuarkGluon Plasma
Freddie Hendriks and Diewertje Doeglas
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Outline
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Introduction
Quark-gluon plasma
Experiment
Probes
Theory
Observations
Outlook
Summary
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Introduction
› Quarks and gluons
› Asymptotic freedom and confinement
Source: Phys.Rev. D85 (2012) 0545010
› Hadronization
Source: arXiv:1001.0570v1 [hep-ph]
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Quark-gluon plasma
› What is a plasma?
› Extreme pressure and temperature
Source: Phys.Rev. D85 (2012) 0545010
Source: nobelprize.org
› Every piece is still neutral!
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Where to find the QGP?
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Early universe
Neutron stars
Super nova explosions
Particle colliders
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Experiment
› RHIC (Brookhaven), LHC (Geneva)
› Heavy ion colliders
Source: QU6
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Experiment
Source: youtube.com
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Probes
› Penetrating probes
 Photons
 Di-leptons
› Hard probes
 Quarkonia states
 Hadrons
 Jet quenching
Source: RHIC
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Theory
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Quantum chromodynamics
Lattice QCD
Perturbation theory
AdS/CFT correspondence
Source: rgbstock.com
Source: people.rit.edu
Source: Jicfus.jp
Source: tuwien.ac.at
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Lattice QCD
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› Automatic renormalization
› Fermion doubling
Source: Jicfus.jp
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Lattice QCD results
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Equation of state
Phase diagram
Limitations: finite chemical potential
Masses of quarks
General discretisation problems
Interpretation of result?
Source: Bazavov et al. (2014)
Source: QU6
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Perturbation theory
› Taylor expansion in coupling constant
› Feynman diagrams
› Weak coupling limit
Source: Johan Messchendorp, 2017
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Techniques
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Quasi particle
Dimensional reduction
Separation of scales
Screened perturbation theory
Works only for
You learn the physics?
Source: people.rit.edu
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AdS/CFT correspondence
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Holographic principle
Limit of strong coupling
Lower bound
Used for calculations with non-vanishing
baryon density, out of equilibrium
Source: tuwien.ac.at
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Summary of theory
› Lattice QCD: from first principle
› Perturbation theory: interpretation
› AdS/CFT correspondence: bound
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Observations
› RHIC
 Elliptic flow
 Jet quenching
 Heavy quark supression
› SPS
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- suppresion
 Enhanced strange quark production
› LHC
 Refined flow measurements
Source: CERN
Source: brookhaven lab
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Elliptic flow
› Partial overlap in collisions
› Only expected for strong coupling
› Viscous relativistic
hydrodynamics
› Fourier decomposition
Source: Howard Wieman
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Measuring elliptic flow
› Calculate Fourier decomposition using
n-particle correlations
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Outlook
› LHC
› FAIR
› Real future in Lattice QCD
Source: LHC
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Summary
› QGP predicted by QCD
› First found by RHIC in 2005
› Expected to be weakly interacting but found to
be strongly interacting
› Various theoretical approaches
› Measured properties of the QGP
› Real future of QGP in computer simulations