Download PERENNIALISM

PERENNIALISM
ESSSENTIALISM
PROGRESSIVISM
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
PHILOSOPHIC BASES:
(Rational humanism, rational
theism, scholasticism classical
utopianism.) External truth,
moral good, rational man
PHILOSOPHIC BASES:
(Variations of idealism and
realism.) No truly consistent
base. Absolutism: external of
supernatural. Man, world
harmonious with absolutes.
PHILOSOPHIC BASES:
(Pragmatism,
experimentalism,
experientialism.) Practical
American view. Conviction in
democratic means. Wholeness
of man. Environment.
PHILOSOPHIC BASES:
(pragmatism, social
determinism, cultural
utopianism,) Belief in
democracy. Consensus, goal
setting use of human science.
Activist approach.
TRUTH:
TRUTH:
We can and should set our
own ideas of truth purposely –
as goals to shoot for.
TRUTH:
There is and always has been
only one set of truths. Man
can think them out (if bright).
TRUTH:
There is a set of truths which
we know today. With great
caution we can find new truth,
but far more change is desired
than justified.
MAN:
Man’s natural tendencies are
questionable. His reasoning
sets him apart. Emotions make MAN:
him unsafe.
Man must learn to develop
self-control thru practice.
VALUES:
Discipline must be imposed.
Lessons of the past are
valuable. We should learn
VALUES:
from the great events of
Proved, continuing subjects
history. Cultural heritage.
are valuable. That which has
Wisdom is valuable.
been serving should continue
to serve.
AMERICAN
DEMOCRACY:
AMERICAN
Academic elite should be at
DEMOCRACY:
the helm. Educated majority
In majority rule, each
will have wisdom too.
individual should have a
Democracy is merely a
common school background
system- the great ideas behind for safe democracy.
it are truly important
Democracy is the greatest
form of government known.
Truth is what we know at
a given moment. As we
learn more we should be
quite willing to change
our beliefs.
MAN:
Man is psycho-social animal.
His drives can be stimulated
and aimed. Man naturally
good.
VALUES:
Society and time set values.
Students, freedom, and
democracy are valuable in our
society.
AMERICAN
DEMOCRACY:
In modern America we need
basic “tool” subjects, choice
of specialty, faith in
democracy. More conformity
cuts freedom. Democracy is
an entire way of life.
MAN:
Man is psycho-social animal.
In today’s and tomorrow’s
world he must become more
social.
VALUES:
We must determine what we
want to be valuable and work
toward it. Goals are valuable.
Democracy.
AMERICAN
DEMOCRACY:
Educational institutions
should take the lead and create
democratic chosen changes.
Democracy gives a fair means
for setting and achieving goals
for a better life for all.
PERENNIALISM
ESSSENTIALISM
PROGRESSIVISM
RECONSTRUCTIONISM
THEORY OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY:
Faculty Psychology, mental
skills. Man’s mind grows and
develops as he uses it and
learns. Trained mind.
Fundamental traits can be
developed.
THEORY OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY:
Association theories:
connectionism, behaviorism.
Trial and error, reward and
punishment, extrinsic
motivation. Conditioning,
repetition, reinforcement.
THEORY OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY:
Field Theories: topological
psychology (Lewin). Gestalt
plus motivation and behavior.
Life-space, threats, barriers,
goals (his). Ego-involvement,
intrinsic success, problems.
THEORY OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY:
Social psychology. Also
purposivism, purposive
behaviorism. Need, goal,
group oriented behavior.
Meeting needs, realistic
adjustments. Insight. Teachers
motivate toward sound goals.
PURPOSE:
Increase reasoning powers.
Develop the “educated man”
wisdom. Improve the rational
mind. School is a retreat from
everyday life.
PURPOSE:
Master subject matter. Make a
well-behaved person who has
command of essential
academic material. School is
preparation for future
responsibilities.
PURPOSE:
Develop whole person. Help
the individual grow in all
ways toward self realization.
School is society. Adjustment
to actual environment.
CURRICULUM (PUBLIC
SCHOOL):
Old, proved (no frills), formal
subjects. Literary, academic,
classical emphasis, some math
and science.
METHOD:
Classical, Contemplate.
Discuss. Dialogue. Learn to
think by coping with the great
ideas. Reading and writing
assignments.
CURRICULUM (PUBLIC
SCHOOL):
Bulk-basic courses prescribed
for all. A few electives.
Master basic disciplines.
Graduation standards.
CURRICULUM (PUBLIC
SCHOOL):
Minimum essentials.
Experiment, specialize in
depth. Elect a field, many
courses, survey courses.
Cross-disciplinary.
METHOD:
Teaching is an art and a
method. Know subject, be
dedicated, exercise control.
Repetition. Extrinsic
motivation. Lecture,
assignments, programming.
METHOD:
Interest=effort, labs,
individual research. Problem
solving, seminars. Other
agencies. Intrinsic motivation,
Method=content. Learn by
doing.
EVALUATION:
Familiarity with classics.
Ability to express oneself,
EVALUATION:
great ideas. Polish. Subjective. Mastery of subject matter
taught. Written tests. Set
standards. Objective.
EDUCATION VERSUS
TRAINING:
Schools for: Education only – EDUCATION VERSUS
not training. They are not
TRAINING:
same. Training belongs to
Train student to obey and
other institutions.
practice good habits.
Otherwise, education in
academic disciplines.
EVALUATION:
Change in individual
behavior. Growth,
performance, rating, Problemsolving
EDUCATION VERSUS
TRAINING:
Education and training are
same learning processes.
Whole person learns, changes.
PURPOSE:
Improve person and society.
Develop people who can solve
problems of our society.
Social responsibility,
improvement, and action.
School is the key agent for
social change.
CURRICULUM (PUBLIC
SCHOOL):
Minimum essentials. Work on
significant problems for all.
Specialize, explore.
Participate outside school.
METHOD:
Student activity, participation.
Consensus. Group problems.
Indoctrination in democratic,
human values. Activation.
Goal-setting. Learn by
involvement.
EVALUATION:
Change in individual and
group behavior. Democratic
processes, movement toward
goals.
EDUCATION VERSUS
TRAINING:
Education and training are
same learning processes.
Whole person, whole society.