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Name: ___________________ Mr. Wiley The 20th Century: The Bloodiest Hundred Years of World History Year 1900 WORLD EVENTS Germany 1888-1918 KAISER WILHLEM Russia China 1901-1909 THEODORE ROOSEVELT 1894- 1917 CZAR NICHOLAS II 1913-1921 WOODROW WILSON 1910 1914-1918 WORLD WAR I 1930 1929-1939 GREAT DEPRESSION 1936-39 SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1940 1917-1924 LENIN 1917 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1920 USA 1939-1945 WORLD WAR II 1933-1945 HITLER 1949 CHINA’S REVOLUTION 1950-1953 KOREAN WAR 1950 1933-1945 FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT 1924-1953 STALIN 1949-1976 MAO 1945-1953 HARRY TRUMAN 1955-1964 KHRUSHCHEV 1960 1945-1991 COLD WAR (US vs Soviet Russia) 1962-72 VIETNAM WAR 1961-1963 J.F. KENNEDY 1969-1974 NIXON 1970 1973-present ABORTION is LEGALIZED in the UNITED STATES 1980 1985-1991 GORBACHEV 1990 2000 Sept 11, 2001 9/11 Terrorist Attacks 1981-1989 RONALD REAGAN World History Project My Country is… _______________________________________________ For the entire semester, this is your country. As we study the 20th century, you should be taking notes on and researching this country. At times, you will be asked, “What would you do at this moment…”. At other times you will gather with your “ally” countries to discuss a situation. But you must stay in part. You must ask yourself, what would my country do? Assignment Toward the end of the semester, each student will present a summary of their country’s involvement in the history we’ve studied. I’ll provide more details on the assignment and how it will be marked later. Homework For now, try to find the following answers. 1. Today, the population of my country is ________________________. 2. The capital city is ___________________ and this many people live there: _____________________. 3. Today, the leader of my country is ___________________________________; in World War I, it was ________________________________________ and in World War II, it was _______________________________________. 4. Three things I’ve learned about my country are: 5. Here is my attempt at drawing my country’s flag: Events Leading Up to the 20th Century Map of Europe 1853 1. Find the following: - Britain - France - Spain - Portugal - Russia Austria Germany Italy - Greece Who or what is an Ottoman Empire? Important Things to Know Karl Marx Communism Prussia Ottoman Empire Imperialism Colonizing A four hundred year old Islamic State in the Middle East Timeline of World History Leading up to the 20th Century 1776 The United States of America gains independence from the British Empire 1815 The Napoleonic War finally comes to an end. From 1815 until the end of WWI, England can be considered to be the most powerful country in the world. 1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain 1829 Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire 1833 Britain abolishes slaver y in the British Empire. 1837 Queen Victoria takes the throne of England (Britain). She rules as monarch of England until her death in 1901. For that reason, her reign is often called the “Victorian Age”. 1847 Freed American slaves found the tiny country of Liberia on the west coast of Africa. 1848 Karl Marx publishes Communist Manifesto. Karl Marx promoted Socialism/Communism which is the idea that the workers should unite together and over-throw their governments in a revolution. Once the workers were in control, Marx said they should abolish the rich and Christianity. 1853 Crimea War. Russia invades land claimed by the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). As a result, Britain and France form an alliance with Turkey to defeat Russia. The war is a disastrous failure for Russia. 1854 Japan opens its borders to foreigners. After having closed itself off from the rest of the world for over 200 years, Japan opens its borders to America. This marks the beginning of Japanese industrialization. By the 1890s, Japan had rapidly westernized and industrialized and was as powerful as any western empire. 1867 Canada becomes a country Austria-Hungarian Empire is formed: The two powerful empires of Austria and Hungary, under the reign of Franz Joseph, join together. 1869 Opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt 1870 Italy becomes a country Franco-Prussian War (1870-1): In 1870, Germany, as a country, did not yet exist. There were many smaller, still powerful, states within the region. This war is the two year war between France and Prussian, the most powerful of the German states. 1871 Germany wins the Franco-Prussian War. After the war, neither France nor Germany trusted the other. Germany becomes a country. The result of the Franco-Prussian war was the unification of the German states. 1878 The Ottoman Empire is growing weaker and its control of the Balkan Peninsula is collapsing. As a result, Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro and Romania all gain their independence. 1882 Triple-Alliance: Germany did not trust France so she formed an alliance with AustriaHungary and Italy. They all agreed that if any one of the three members were attacked, the other two would help fight. 1884 The Berlin Conferences (1884-5): During these meetings in Berlin, Germany, the European Empires laid out plans on how they would colonize Africa (colonize is when one country settles and controls a distant region). While the conference was specifically about Africa, it sparked a “New Imperialism”, which sent the nations of Europe across the globe searching for new regions to colonize. It resulted in the colonizing of most of Africa and Asia. It also increased the rivalries between the nations of Europe. - The Scramble for Africa: By 1914, the countries of Europe had taken control of the entire African continent (with the exception of tiny Liberia and the ancient Kingdom of Ethiopia). - o France claims Morocco in 1830; Algeria in 1847; and Tunisia in 1881; o Britain claims Egypt as a “protectorate” in 1882; o Germany claims east Africa in 1884 o Belgium takes control of the Congo in 1885; o Britain occupies Sudan in 1899; o Italy conquered Libya in 1911 Colonization of Asia o Britain took control of Hong Kong in 1842; India in 1857; o France colonized Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos around 1862; o Russia, by 1870, took control of most of the land we recognize as Russia today; o Germany and Britain took possession of many Pacific Islands in the 1880s; o United States gained control of the Philippines in 1898; o By 1914, England, France, Russia, Germany and Japan held parts of China. 1886 Karl Benz produces the first automobile (car) in Germany. 1887 Discovery of radio waves Serbia gains its independence from the Ottoman Empire in a violent revolution. Eventually Serbia hopes to gain control over the entire Balkan Peninsula. 1888 Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of Germany 1889 Adolf Hitler is born in a small town in Austria. 1893 Mao Tse-tung (Zedong), who would become the Communist leader of China, is born. He holds the ugly distinction of being the world’s worst mass murderer (Stalin is second and Hitler is third). 1894 1898 Czar Nicholas II comes to the throne in Russia. He reigns until 1917. France forms an alliance with Russia Japan and China go to war Spanish-American War: Spain is utterly humiliated in its loses to the U.S. In fact, Spain loses the battle to defend Cuba, its largest colony, in a battle that lasts less than an hour. Spain also loses control of the Philippines. History of the World – World War I Map of Europe in 1914 Name: _________________________ th European Geography – 20 Century 1. Geography World War I Neatly Label the following countries: a. Britain g. Russia b. Spain h. Germany c. Portugal i. Poland d. France j. Austria-Hungary e. Belgium k. Ottoman Empire f. Netherlands l. Greece (Holland) m. Serbia n. o. p. q. Bulgaria Romania Italy Algeria (French Africa) 2. Colour the following countries: a. Britain b. France c. Russia d. Germany e. Austria-Hungary f. Ottoman Empire 3. Label the following capital cities a. London b. Berlin g. Moscow c. Sarajevo d. Paris h. Constantinople e. Vienna f. Rome 4. Label the following: a. Mediterranean Sea b. Atlantic Ocean Things to Know about World War I World War I 1914-1918 Triple Entente Triple Alliance Balkan Peninsula Balkan Wars Emperor Franz Joseph Last Emperor of Austria-Hungary (1848-1916) Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophia Maria Kaiser Wilhelm II Czar Nicholas II Vladimir Lenin Russian Revolution Treaty of Versailles Last Kaiser (Emperor) of Germany (1888-1918) Last Czar (Emperor) of Russia (1894-1918) Leader of the Bolshekiv Revolution in Russia, 1917 Premier of Soviet Russia (1917-1924) World War One Timeline 1901 Queen Victoria of England dies. 1903 First movie is released. Wright brothers make the first successful air flight 1904 Russia and Japan go to war. 1905 Russia surrenders land to the Japanese after suffering several embarrassing loses. 1906 Kellogg’s starts selling corn flakes. 1907 An Alliance called the Triple Entente [Ahn-tahnt]: England, France and Russia is formed. Their alliance is a result of Germany’s Triple Alliance with Italy and AustriaHungary. 1908 Ford releases the first model-T 1909 Plastic is invented 1911 Turkish-Italy War: Italy defeats the once powerful Ottoman Empire (Turkey) - 1912 This is the first time aircraft are used in war Titanic sinks. Balkan Wars: From 1912-13 there are two wars fought over the Ottoman Empire’s land on the Balkan Peninsula. In the first Balkan War, 1912, the Ottomans Empire loses to an alliance between Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro. Both Russia and Austria-Hungary watch this war carefully, because both would like to expand their empires into the Balkans. 1913 In the second Balkan War, Bulgaria attacks Serbia and Greece and is defeated after Romania intervenes and Ottoman Empire recaptures a small area of land in Bulgaria. STOP: View WWI PowerPoint 1914 On June 28th, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the AustrianHungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia (Balkan Peninsula) by Serbian terrorists. It is likely that the government of Serbia helped with the murders. July 28th: Austria-Hungary, suspecting Serbia’s involvement in the murders, declares war on Serbia. (Remember the Triple-Alliance?) July 29th: Russia, who feared that Austria-Hungary would take away her land in the Balkans, ordered its army to prepare for battle. Germany, Austria’s ally, warns Russia to stop amassing troops on the Russia/German border. Russia ignores the warning. On August 1st, Germany declares war on Russia and two days later declares war on Russia’s ally, France. On Aug 3rd, Germany attacks France by sending troops through the small neutral nation of Belgium. On Aug 4th, Britain, Belgium’s ally and the most powerful country in the world, declares war on Germany. Since Canada was part of the British Empire, Canada was at war, too. Thus begins World War I: Germany and Austria-Hungary versus Britain, France and Russia. Later in August, Japan, responding to an offer of land from Britain, declares war on Germany. WWI: Trench Warfare: Germany’s attack on France was not entirely successful. The French quickly stop the German army’s progress and soon both sides settled in for a long, drawn out, trench warfare. In November, the Islamic Ottoman Empire abandons its neutrality and the Sultan declares a Jihad (Holy War) against Great Britain, France and Russia. 1915 WWI: Italy stayed neutral at first. Italy did not rush to help her former allies in the Triple Alliance. This gives Britain a chance to offer Italy enormous areas of land if she joins the Triple Entente. Italy agrees. In April, Italy entered World War I, against Germany, her former allies, and with France, Russia and England. Then the Ottoman Empire joins with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Christian Armenian genocide in Turkey (Ottoman Empire); as many as 1 million Armenians were murdered by the Turks. WWI: The British ship, the Lusitania, is sunk by a German submarine. (128 Americans were on board) WWI: Battle of Ypres: The young nation of Canada supported the Allies with 630,000 Canadians (that means almost 1 in 10 Canadians at that time served their country in war!) The Battle of Ypres (in France) was the first opportunity for the Canadian army to prove themselves. Unfortunately, it was also the first time the Germans used chemical weapons in war. The poison gas killed many of the young men. Many French soldiers began to flee; however, the Canadians held their ground by breathing through urine soaked clothes. From this battle, the Canadians gained a reputation for bravery. (A soldier named John MacCrae, who fought and lost friends in Ypres, afterwards wrote the poem, “In Flanders’ Fields”.) 1916 1917 WWI: Battle of the Verdun WWI: Battle of the Somme Margret Sanger open the first Planned Parenthood Russian Revolution begins - In the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin and Trotsky, seize power in a violent coup d’état. Russia is now called the Soviet Union (USSR). WWI: Several American cargo ships are sunk by German submarines. WWI: In Aug, USA declares war on Germany WWI: The Battle of Cambrai: The English use the tank successfully for the first time. WWI: Battle of Vimy Ridge: In the Battle of Vimy Ridge, 11,000 Canadians died pushing the Germans back off a strategic ridge in France. Our Lady of Fatima: Our Blessed Mother, Mary, appears to three children in Fatima, Portugal and tells them that the war will end. However, she warns that if Russia were not consecrated to her Immaculate Heart, it would cause war and persecution around the world. 1918 WWI: The newly formed USSR signs a treaty with Germany and exits the war. WWI: Huge numbers of American troops arrive in France which overwhelms the exhausted German troops. WWI: In October, the Ottoman Empire withdraws from the war. WWI: In November, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire surrenders. WWI: On November 9, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany, is forced to abdicate his throne and a German Republic is declared. WWI: Germany surrenders. The war ends at 11:00am, November 11, 1918. During the years of war, nine million men were killed. 1919 Spanish Flu epidemic, which kills an estimated 20 million people in just two years. USSR: Czar Nicholas II and his family are murdered by the Bolsheviks. WWI: Treaty of Versailles: Representatives from all the victorious nations met in France to work out a peace treaty. - Germany had to give land to France and colonies to England, France and Japan. - Austria-Hungary was split up into separate nations: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. - The Ottoman Empire was greatly reduced in size. England, France and Greece took control of the rest of their land, which was all in the Middle East. - The Versailles Treaty blamed Germany for the war. Thus, Germany had to pay reparations (war damages) for loss of land, factories, farms, ships and other things destroyed in the war. This made the German people very bitter. STOP 1921 Allies impose an insurmountable debt on Germany to pay them for the damage they caused during WWI. Extreme inflation is Germany results in massive economic instability. 1922 Mussolini marches on Rome, Italy. He forms a Fascist government in Italy. 1923 Britain and France divide up the former Ottoman Empire. 1924 USSR: Revolutionary leader Lenin dies and Joseph Stalin becomes dictator. Stalin rules through fear and terror. 1925 Germany: Hitler publishes his hateful book, Mein Kampf. 1926 Japan: Emperor Hirohito ascends to the throne in Japan. He remains emperor throughout WWII until his death in 1989. Lindbergh, a pilot, makes the first solo plane flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Germany: economy collapses, which results in massive unemployment and poverty 1928 Penicillin discovered 1929 Beginning of the Great Depression: Oct 29th, 1929, the Stock Market crashes Russia: Stalin’s Five-Year Plan: In an attempt to modernize Russian factories and 1927 farms, Stalin makes huge changes to Russia which result in the deaths of millions. 1930 In India, Gandhi’s great march Stalin, in Russia, begin collectivizing agriculture. Millions starve to death in Russian Famine. 1931 Communists in Spain destroy about 100 churches and religious buildings. 1932 Scientists split the atom 1933 Germany: Hitler and his Nazi Party are elected. - Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. - Parliament gives Hitler absolute power - Hitler declares his Nazi government the Third Reich and promises it will last a for a thousand years. 1934 Nazi terror begins Great Terror begins in Russia. Between 1934-39, Stalin began to murder his opponents. 1935 1936 Mao Zedong begins his Long March Germany: The Nazis issue the Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws. Italy: Mussolini and his fascist government invade Ethiopia (north Africa) Spanish Civil War (1936-39): Spain falls into anarchy. Revolutionaries, funded by Stalin in Russia, attack and burn hundreds of churches, Catholic schools and religious building across Spain. Many priests and opponents to the communists are murdered. The Civil War Begins. General Franco attempts to stop the violence and in a military coup d’état his takes control of the country. Germany: The Nazis occupy the Rhineland which violates the Versailles Treaty. England and France do nothing to stop his aggression. - 1937 Italy and Germany form an alliance called the “Axis” Japan Invades China Spain: Spanish communists send all of Spain’s gold reserves, to Russia in exchange to weapons. They continue to fight Franco for control of the country. 1938 The Catholic Church condemns the Nazi’s actions. Germany: Hitler annexes (takes without a war) Austria. Next the Allies, Britain and France, allow him to take part of Czechoslovakia. In a meeting with Britain and France, Hitler promises that he will stop expanding the German borders. They believe him. The Nazi’s set fire to Jewish synagogues and confiscate Jewish property. Under the Nazi government, the economy begins to rebuild. Unemployment was solved as millions of Germans were drawn into military service and rebuilding Germany’s artillery. By the end of 1938, Germany could be considered the most powerful country in Europe. Spain: Franco comes closer to defeating the communists in Spain. 1939 Hitler does not keep his promise, in March, Nazi soldiers march into Prague, the Czech capital and take control of the entire country. Hitler demands that Poland give him land. England and France promise to protect Poland if Hitler invades. In August, Hitler and Stalin (Russia) sign an agreement not to attack each other. They agreed to split Poland in half. World War II began early in the morning on September 1, 1939 when German tanks rolled into Poland. This Nazi attack was called a blitzkrieg or “lightning war” because of the speed in which it conquered using the air force and tanks. Two weeks later, the Soviet Army took the eastern half of Poland. WWII: On Sept 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. However, these two nations were totally unprepared for war and were unable to counterattack until almost a year later. WWII: On Sept 9th, Canada declared war on Germany. (Again, as in WWI, Canada would send a disproportionately large force to support Britain’s war efforts; in fact over a million Canadians served their country – out of 11 million people). 1940 WWII: USSR: Russia invades Finland The Catholic Church condemns the Soviet Union’s actions. Spain: The Communists in Spain surrender to General Franco. WWII: In April, Germany strikes another blitzkrieg and conquers Norway and Denmark. Then in May, Hitler unleashes his war machine and conquers Belgium, Luxembourg and Holland (the Netherlands). It takes Germany only five days to conquer Holland and eighteen for Belgium. WWII: Winston Churchill is elected prime minister of England. He tells the world that the English people will fight: in France, on the seas, in the hills, in the fields and in the streets. He says, “We shall never surrender.” WWII: In June, Germany invades France from the north while Italy invades from the south. France surrenders and the Nazi troops march into Paris. Hitler now has control of most of western Europe. WWII: United States, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland declare their neutrality. WWII: The Battle of Britain: England is alone against the Axis powers. All that separates it from the Nazi military machine is the 21 mile (34km) English Channel. Hitler’s assault on England is called the Battle of Britain. From the air, hundreds of German bombers and fighters attacked the cities. From the sea, German submarines blocked food and supplies from reaching England. Even though the English were slowly starving, Churchill would never surrender. WWII: Nazi’s open the Auschwitz Concentration Camp. WWII: Soviet Russia annexes Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. WWII: Japan joins with Germany and Italy in the “Axis” alliance. WWII: Battle of Hong Kong: Japan captures Hong Kong (China) along with the many Canadian soldiers who bravery defended it. 1941 WWII: In June, Hitler breaks his deal with Stalin and invades the Soviet Union. WWII: The Siege of Leningrad: By Sept, the Nazi army had reached Leningrad, they surrounded the massive city and laid siege. Over the next three years, a million Russians would die from disease, starvation and Nazi bombs. WWII: Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister of Japan WWII: Pearl Harbour: On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese war planes attack Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, USA and destroy much of the Americans Pacific air force and navy. Japan thought this would destroy America’s ability to fight. It didn’t. The Japanese awoke a sleeping giant. The next day, the United States of America declared war on Japan. A few days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. The history also shows that Hirohito opposed going to war with the United States in the buildup to the Japanese navy’s surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, saying that Japan had no chance of winning such a war, according to Kyodo. “It is nothing less than a self-destructive war,” Kyodo quoted the emperor as saying on July 31, 1941. 1942 The T-Shirt is first introduced WWII: By New Years’ Day of 1942, twenty-six nations were at war against Germany, Italy and Japan. WWII: Japan invades the Philippines WWII: Nazi leaders agree on the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question” with officially begins the Holocaust. Millions of Jews will be murdered by the Nazi throughout the remaining three years of the war. WWII: Battle of Midway, Pacific Ocean: The United States quickly puts a stop to Japan’s plans in a massive naval victory at the Island of Midway. The damage to Japan’s navy means that Japan has no chance to win the war. WWII: Battle of Stalingrad, Russia: Despite a very harsh Russian winter, the German troops continued their advance deeper into Russia until they reached Stalingrad. In weeks, the city was almost completely reduced to rubble. However, the Soviets held out. By early in 1943, the Russians were able to defeat the Germans at Stalingrad. The Germans were forced to retreat. Though the war was far from over, this marked a turning point for the Nazis on the eastern front and a huge victory for the Russians. WWII: Battle of Dieppe: the Allies, including many Canadians, attempt to land on the French Coast of Dieppe in order to test Hitler’s “Fortress Europe”. The assault is a failure. WWII: Manhattan Project: The United States government begins to secretly build an atomic bomb. 1943 WWII: Allies capture the island of Sicily, Italy. WWII: Death of Mussolini: The people of Italy had had enough with Mussolini and his fascist government. A mob violently kills Mussolini and overthrows the fascist government. Immediately after, Italy surrenders to the Allies. WWII: Allies Invade Italy from the south: Even though the Italian government had joined the Allies, there were still German soldiers in the country. Over the next year the allies, including my grandfather (a Canadian), pushed the German army north. 1944 WWII: Rome, Italy: The allies finally make their way a liberate Rome from the Nazis. Crowds cheer! WWII: June 6, 1944 – D-Day: In one of the most elaborate plans in history, the Allies, Americans, British and Canadians, land on the beaches of Normandy, France. (The Canadians landed on a section called Juno Beach.) The landing is a success and marks the beginning of the end for Germany. WWII: Liberation of Holland: Allied troops, including Canadians, pushed the Nazis back into Germany. The Allies were welcomed by the people of Holland as heroes. WWII: Battle of the Bulge, Belgium: By the fall, it is clear that Germany will lose the war. In the east, the Soviet Red Army is approaching and in the west, the Allies were on the German border.The Nazis make one last attempt at victory. In December, the Germans surprised attacked the Americans. The attack failed. 1945 WWII: In March, the Ally Troops cross the Rhine River into Germany. They are heading straight for Berlin. WWII: In April, the Soviet Troops approach Berlin. WWII: On April 30th, Adolf Hitler kills himself WWII: On May 2nd, Berlin falls to the Red Army. WWII: On May 8th, 1945, Nazi Germany surrenders unconditionally. US declares the Victory in Europe Day or “V.E. Day”. WWII: The Ally soldiers discover the concentration camps, like Auschwitz, and the reality of the horrors committed by the Nazis is uncovered. (Millions of people: Jews, Christians and Gypsies were systematically murdered in gas chambers.) WWII: Battle for the Pacific: While the war was over in Europe, the Japanese were still fighting. Thousands of American soldiers were dying and hundreds of thousands of Japanese soldiers and civilians were dying. However, despite the fact Japan’s army, navy and airforce was almost totally destroyed, Japan would not surrender. WWII: The Atomic Bomb: In July, the allies gave Japan one last chance to surrender or face destruction. Japan refused. On August 6th, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Instantly 80,000 people, mostly innocent civilians were killed and, from the effects of the radiation, another 50,000 eventually perished. Three days later, another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. (50,000 dead) On August 15th, Emperor Hirohito surrendered. World War II was finally over. WWII: The destruction left by World War II cannot be exaggerated. Europe, Japan China and Russia were in ruins. Tens of millions of people lost their lives. And the only two powers left in the world were the United States and the Soviet Union. After the war, the victorious countries hold meetings and form the United Nations. The goal of the UN is to prevent war. 1946 First electronic computer is introduced In Germany, the Nuremberg Trials begin. The Nazi war criminals will be charged for their crimes by the German justice system. 1947 In Britain, Winston Churchill gives his “Iron Curtain” speech Dead Sea scrolls discovered USA: President Truman introduces the “Truman Doctrine” which sends funding to Greece and Turkey to help them against USSR. India and Pakistan are given independence from Britain. Berlin Airlift Gandhi assassinated State of Israel founded NATO established China becomes a communist country Soviet Russia develops its first Atomic bomb Korean War begins First Credit Card introduced 1951 Colour TVs are introduced 1952 Car seat belts are introduced Elizabeth II, our monarch, becomes queen at the age of 25. 1953 Stalin dies 1955 MacDonald’s Corporation founded 1956 Suez Crisis in Egypt 1958 China’s communist leader, Mao Zedong, launches the “Great Leap Forward”. Millions perish 1948 1949 1950 as a result. 1961 Berlin Wall in Germany separates the city into two. 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis First Walmart opens 1964 “Beatlemania” hits the USA 1965 USA sends troops to Vietnam 1966 In China, Mao Zedong, launches Cultural Revolution” 1968 US president, John F Kennedy, is assassinated 1969 Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to walk on the moon 1973 Row vs Wade legalizes abortion in the United States USA pulls out of Vietnam 1978 John Paul II becomes pope. 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini Returns as Leader of Iran Iran Takes American Hostages in Tehran Mother Teresa Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 1980 Mr. Wiley is born 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster 1989 Berlin Wall falls Students murdered in Tiananmen Square Massacre 1991 Collapse of the Soviet Union (Russia) 1998 India and Pakistan test nuclear bombs 2001 9/11 Terrorists crash airplanes into the US Twin Towers and the Pentagon 1936 Depression “Migrant Mother”