Download world history 9 th Grade Study guide – Chapters 23-26

WORLD HISTORY 9TH GRADE
STUDY GUIDE – CHAPTERS 23-26
CHAPTER 23
THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I
• Nationalism contributed to the start of World War I, as rivals vied for colonies and trade.
• European nations increased the size of their militaries, heightening existing tensions.
• Serbia’s desire for an independent state angered Austria-Hungary.
The Reality of MODERN WARFARE
• Trench warfare brought the Western Front to a stalemate until new allies entered the war.
• Trench warfare and new technology caused a devastating loss of life.
• Governments took control of economies and rationed civilian goods, affecting all citizens.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION and THE END OF WORLD WAR I
• Russia’s failure in the war and worker unrest led to the Russian Revolution in 1917.
• Bolshevik overthrow of the provisional government led to civil war and eventual Communist control.
• A defeated Germany signed an armistice with the Allies, ending the war on November 11, 1918.
• The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany, formed new nations, and created the League of Nations to solve international
problems.
IMPORTANT FACTS
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Ideas that are spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause are known as propaganda
Germany had to make reparations to cover the costs of World War I.
Mobilization is the process of assembling troops and supplies to get ready for war.
The soviets were councils composed of representatives from Russian workers and soldiers.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914.
Russian working-class women lead a series of strikes in March 1917 in the city of Petrograd.
One of the major events which resulted from the Balkan crises between 1908 and 1913 was the assassination of Archduke
Francis Ferdinand and his wife.
The Bolsheviks were a small Marxist party that turned to violent revolution under V.I. Lenin. Lenin believed that the
Bolsheviks should gain control of the soviet groups throughout Russia and use them to overthrow the provisional
government.
CHAPTER 24
The AFTERMATH OF WAR and Impact of GLOBAL DEPRESSION
• Many nations were unhappy with the peace settlement after World War I.
• The crash of the U.S. stock market triggered a worldwide financial crisis and a global depression.
• The Great Depression made people doubt democracy and look to authoritarian leaders for simple solutions to problems.
TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN Governments in Europe Take Power
• Some nations in Europe replaced democracy with totalitarian governments.
• Mussolini’s Fascist regime in Italy controlled citizens with mass propaganda.
• In the Soviet Union, Stalin gained control of the Communist Party, arresting or killing those who opposed him.
The Rise of NAZI GERMANY
• Losses in World War I and economic devastation led to political struggles in Germany.
• Hitler’s Nazi Party created a totalitarian state based on racism and German nationalism.
• The Nazis enforced their will through secret police and concentration camps.
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
Totalitarian State: Government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens
Collectivization: System in which private farms are eliminated
Fascism: A political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual
Nazi: Member of the German National party
Aryan: Term used to identify people speaking Indo-European languages
CHAPTER 26
THE BEGINNING of World War II
• Nazi Germany began an aggressive policy of expansion.
• After Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
• Seeking access to natural resources, Japan seized Manchuria and North China.
• Japan launched a surprise attack on U.S. and European colonies in Southeast Asia in 1940.
THE COURSE of the War
• The German blitzkrieg subdued much of western and central Europe, but Germany could not defeat Britain or Russia.
• The Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor in 1941 brought the United States into the war.
• The Grand Alliance forced the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers in 1945.
• After the war, political tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union led to the Cold War.
LIVES AFFECTED by War
• Germany and Japan forced people of conquered nations to labor for their war effort.
• Hitler’s extremist racial views led to the Holocaust and the death of millions.
• Civilians worked in war factories and endured shortages.
• Bombings targeted civilians as well as the military.
• Almost 20 million civilians died in the war.
IMPORTANT FACTS
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At the beginning of World War II, Nazi Germany began an aggressive policy of expansion.
After Germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
Seeking access to natural resources, Japan seized Manchuria and North China.
Japan launched a surprise attack on U.S. and European colonies in Southeast Asia in 1940.
The German blitzkrieg or “lightning war” subdued much of western and central Europe, but Germany could not defeat
Britain or Russia.
The Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor in 1941 brought the United States into the war.
The Grand Alliance forced the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers in 1945.
After the war, political tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union led to the Cold War.
Hitler’s extremist racial views led to the Holocaust and the death of millions.
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS:
Sanctions: Restrictions intended to enforce international law
Occupation: The military force occupying a country or the policies carried by it
Holocaust: Mass slaughter of European Jews
Ethnic:
Relating to people who have common racial, religious, or cultural origin.
Neutrality: A policy of abstaining from alliances and other international political and economic relations
Genocide: The deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group.