Download Introduction - UniMAP Portal

ERT 313
BIOSEPARATION ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION
Prepared by:
Pn. Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
Topic Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
What is separated in bioseparation?
Economic Important in Bioseparation
Nature of Bioseparation
Basis of Separation in Bioseparation Process
Bioseparation Techniques
The RIPP Scheme
Example of Bioseparation
BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
UPSTREAM
Growth of biomolecules usually by bacterial or
mammalian cell lines & harvest - BIOREACTOR
DOWNSTREAM
cell mass from the UPSTREAM are processed
to meet purity and quality requirements
Introduction
• What is Bioseparation Engineering???
- Systematic study of the scientific & engineering
principles utilized for the large-scale purification of
biological products.
• What is Bioprocessing???
- deals with manufacture of biochemicals
- biopharmaceuticals
- foods
- nutraceuticals
- agrochemicals
What is separated in Bioseparation?
• Biological derived products can be classified based
on:
a) chemical nature (Table 1.1)
b) application (Table 1.2)
•
Particle – liquid separation :
1.Separation of cells from cell culture medium
2. Separation of blood cells from plasma in the
manufacture of plasma proteins
3. Removal of bacteria and viruses from protein
solutions
•
Solute – solvent separation
1. Removal of a solvent from a solute product
(e.g. protein concentration enrichment)
2. Removal of dissolved impurities from a liquid
product
• Solute – solute separation
1. Separation of serum albumin from other serum
proteins
• Liquid – liquid separation:
1. Separation of ethanol and acetone from an
aqueous medium (in the manufacture of solvent)
Economic Important in Bioseparation
Nature of Bioseparation
• Bioseparation is largely based on chemical separation processes.
• The separations usually aim to achieve removal of specific
components, in order to increase the added value of the products,
which may be the residue, the extracted components or both.
• Bioseparation is differ from chemical separation:
1. biological products – very low concentrations in the starting
material
2. impurities have similar chemical/physical properties with the
target products
3. Denaturation & degradation
4. Stringent quality requirement for products – therapeutic
products should be free from endotoxins and pyrogens.
Basis of Separation in Bioseparation
Processes
Factor
Size
Density
Diffusivity
Types of Separation
Filtration, Membrane Separation, Centrifugation
Centrifugation, Sedimentation, Floatation
Membrane Separation
Shape
Centrifugation, Filtration, Sedimentation
Polarity
Extraction, Chromatography, Adsorption
Solubility
Extraction, Precipitation, Crystallization
Electrostatic
Charge
Volatility
Adsorption, Membrane Separation,
Electrophoresis
Distillation, Membrane Distillation, Pervaporation
Types of Separation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gas-liquid separation - Absorption
Vapor-liquid separation - Distillation
Liquid-liquid separation – Extraction
Fluid – solid separation – Adsorption, Leaching,
Chromatography, Crystallization
5. Mechanical- physical separation – Precipitation,
Centrifugation, Filtration, Membrane Separation.
Bioseparation Techniques
Low-resolution +
high-throughput
High-resolution +
low-throughput
Cell Disruption
Precipitation
Centrifugation
Liquid-liquid Extraction
Leaching
Filtration
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Adsorption
Crystallization
Ultracentrifugation
Chromatography
Affinity separation
Electrophoresis
Common Stage in Bioseparation
RIPP Scheme
• Recovery
• Isolation (volume reduction)
• Purification
• Polishing
•RIPP SCHEME
• Recovery of product
– Filtration, centrifugation, microfiltration
• Isolation of product (volume reduction)
– Cell disruption, extraction, adsorption, ultrafiltration,
precipitation
• Purification
– Adsorption, elution chromatography, ultrafiltration,
electrophoresis, precipitation, crystallization
• Polishing
– Crystallization, drying, auxiliary process, solvent
recovery
Example: Fractional Precipitation
• Ethanol fractionation of human plasma protein
factors:
pH, temperature, ionic strength & protein
concentration change
• cohns method 6: primary means of preparing
albumin, γ-globulin, fibrinogen
Bioseparation of reagent grade monoclonal antibody from cell
culture supernatant