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CHAPTER 15 LECTURE QUESTIONS NAME_________________________________________________DATE_____________ 1. What is the difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands? _____________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. In what two ways is hormone secretion controlled? _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland? _______ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What two hormones does the hypothalamus produce? __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Where are these two hormones stored? ______________________________________ 5. What are two other names for the pituitary gland? ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are the 2 portions of the pituitary gland? _________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 7. What are the 7 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? a. _________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________ d. __________________________________________________________________ e. __________________________________________________________________ f. __________________________________________________________________ g. __________________________________________________________________ 8. What effect does growth hormone have on the following nutrients? a. proteins:__________________________________________________________ b. lipids:____________________________________________________________ c. carbohydrates:_____________________________________________________ 9. What is the condition that results from a growth hormone deficiency? _____________ _____________________________ A growth hormone excess? __________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 10. What is BST and why is it used? ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. This hormone triggers and maintains lactation:__________________________________ CHAPTER 15 LECTURE QUESTIONS PT. 2 12. What hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth and development of the thyroid gland? _________________________________________________________ 13. This hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth and development of the adrenal gland: ________________________________________________________ 14. This hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth and development of the follicles in the ovaries? _______________________________________________ 15. As the maturing follicle grows, it secretes increasing amounts of _______________. This causes a surge of __________________________________ to be released by the pituitary. 16. The LH surge causes _________________________________________ in females. a. In males, LH causes the interstitial cells to produce _____________________ 17. This hormone is associated with color changes in animals that changes skin color:__________________________________________________________________ 18. Does the posterior pituitary produce any hormones? ___________________________ 19. What two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary? ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 20. ADH helps to prevent ____________________________________________________ a. ADH acts on what organ? ___________________________________________ b. A deficiency of ADH causes what disease? ___________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 21. What effects does oxytocin have on the uterus and mammary glands? a. uterus: __________________________________________________________ b. mammary glands: ________________________________________________ 22. Where is the thyroid gland located? ________________________________________ a. In some species, the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by a structure called the _____________________________________________________ 23. What two hormones are produced by the thyroid? ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 24. The thyroid hormone is actually 2 hormones called __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ a. These hormones are named according to the number of ________________ _______________________________________________________________ b. Which one is considered the main thyroid hormone? ___________________ 25. Explain the calorigenic effect of thyroid hormone?__________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 26. What effect does thyroid hormone have on the following nutrients: a. proteins: _________________________________________________________ b. Carbohydrate: _____________________________________________________ c. Lipids: ____________________________________________________________ 27. How does calcitonin balance calcium levels? ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ a. Increased levels of calcium in the blood is ________________________________ 28. Where are the parathyroid glands located? __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 29. How does the parathyroid hormone balance calcium levels? _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ a. Decreased levels of calcium in the blood is ______________________________ CHAPTER 15 LECTURE QUESTIONS PT.3 30. What are the two portions of the adrenal gland? _______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 31. Under the direction of ACTH, what hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? a. _________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________ 32. Under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, what are the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla? a. __________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________ 33. Give examples of glucocorticoids: ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 34. What effect do glucocorticoid hormones have on the blood glucose levels? __________ _______________________________________________________________________ 35. What effect do glucocorticoid hormones have on protein and lipid metabolism? ____ _______________________________________________________________________ 36. What disease results from too much glucocorticoid hormone in the body? ________ _______________________________________________________________________ 37. What disease results from too little glucocorticoid hormone in the body? __________ _______________________________________________________________________ 38. What is the job of mineralocorticoids? _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 39. What is the prinicipal mineralocorticoid hormone? ______________________________ a. Where does aldosterone have its effects? _______________________________ b. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of ___________________________________ 40. The two classes of sex hormones are _________________________________ and _______________________________________. 41. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are important in what response? _________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 42. The pancreas is a flat organ that lies next to what portion of the small intestine? ______ _______________________________________________________________________ 43. What 3 hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets? a. __________________________________________________________________ i. What cells produce insulin? ____________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________ 44. What effect does insulin have on the blood glucose level? ________________________ 45. What effect does glucagon have on the blood glucose level? _____________________ a. How does glucagon do this? __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 46. What is the function of somatostatin? _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 47. What are 4 clinical signs associated with Diabetes Mellitus? _____________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 48. In addition to their blood-filtering duties, the kidneys produce the hormone _______________________________________________ a. Lack of red blood cell production may result in ___________________________ 49. The stomach wall produces a hormone called _________________________________ 50. How does gastrin affect the production of HCl? _________________________________ 51. What two hormones are secreted by the small intestine? a. __________________________________________________________________ b. ____________________ _______________________________________ 52. What hormone produced in large amounts by the placenta in human and horses and is the basis for over-the-counter pregnancy tests? _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 53. What is the function of the thymus? _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ a. What hormones are produced by the thymus? ____________________________ and _______________________________________________________________ b. What is the function of the hormones produced by the thymus? ______________ ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 54. The pineal body secretes this hormone? _______________________________________ 55. What is the function of melatonin? __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 56. This group of prostaglandins plays a role in the initiation of inflammation in the body: ______________________________________________________________________ 57. What is the clinical significance of prostaglandin F2-alpha? ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________