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Antecedent = the noun or other
pronoun that a pronoun refers to.
Pronouns and antecedents must
agree.
Mary went to the store. She got
apples, bananas, and oranges.
She refers to Mary. Mary is the
antecedent of the pronoun she.
Rule #1 – A pronoun should agree in gender with
its antecedent.
Feminine she
her
hers
Masculine he
him
his
Neutral
it
its
it
Examples
Rosa said her lost her glasses.
Hank took his journal to the beach with him.
Manny chose that bike because of its color
and style.
A. Sometimes the antecedent can be another pronoun. In that
case, look in the rest of the sentence to see what gender to use.
One of those ladies left her scarf in the car.
Each of the boys brought his own softball
mitt.
B. Sometimes the antecedent may be either masculine or
feminine. In this case use both the masculine and feminine
forms of the pronoun
Nobody in the class finished his or
her paper early.
C. It is incorrect grammar to refer to a singular
antecedent with a singular pronoun.
Incorrect: Every actor in the play had already
memorized their lines.
Correct: Every actor in the play had already
memorized his or her lines.
Rule #2 – A pronoun should agree in number with
its antecedent.
A pronoun that refers to a singular
antecedent should be singular.
A pronoun that refers to a plural
antecedent should be plural.
Examples
Please put the mower away after using it.
These tools will last longer if you take
good care of them.
A. These indefinite pronouns are ALWAYS
considered singular: anybody, anyone,
anything, each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing,
one, somebody, someone, and something.
Examples
•Has one of the hamsters hurt its leg?
•Someone left his or her jacket on the bus.
•Everyone on the girls’ team has her own
locker.
These indefinite pronouns are always plural:
both, few, many, and several.
Examples:
Both of the birds had hidden their nests.
Several of the spiders continue to live under that log; it is where they
hatched.
On a night like this, few of the travelers will reach their destinations on
schedule.
C. These indefinite pronouns can me SINGULAR or
PLURAL depending on their meaning in the
sentence: all, any, more, most, none, and some.
None of the cereal has lost its crunch.
None of the cereal flakes have lost their
crunch.
D. Use a singular pronoun to refer to
two or more singular antecedents joined
by or or nor.
Examples
•Either Miguel or Randell has his
paintings on display.
•Niether Karli nor Marta will lend
you her book.
E. Use a plural pronoun to refer to two or more
antecedents joined by and.
When Tyrell and Davis get home, they will be surprised.
Have Charles and Susan tried on their new outfits?
Exercise 11
1. Their should be its – two
subjects joined by nor should be
singular.
2. It should be them – the pronoun
refers to tools which is plural
3. Her should be their – the pronoun
refers to Mrs. Chin and her daughters so
the pronoun should be plural
4. Their should be his or her – everyone
is always singular so the pronoun must
also be singular; we don’t know if
everyone is male or female so we should
use his or her to cover both genders
5. Its should be their – Many is
always plural so the pronoun should
be plural
6. Their should be his – the boys names
are joined by nor so the pronoun should
be singular; both names are boys names
so the pronoun should be masculine.
7. Their should be its – one requires
the pronoun to be singular; dog is
neutral so the pronoun should be
neutral in gender
8. Correct – song is singular and
neutral so its is the correct pronoun
to use.
9. Her should be their – the girls
names are joined by and so a
plural pronoun should be used
10. Its should be their – any can be
singular or plural, but since the
sentences says any of the horses, a
plural pronoun is needed
Pronoun Case Notes
Subjective pronouns –
these words take the place of nouns
or other pronouns and work as the
subject of a verb. The person or
object referred to is doing the
action.
Example
1. Diana asked herself where she
could have put the book.
She refers to _____________,
and she is the one who __________
the book somewhere.
Example
2. We helped ourselves to tacos and rice.
We refers to the person talking and
one or more other people. The speaker
and the others are the ones who helped
themselves to the food.
Objective pronouns – these words
take the place of nouns or other
pronouns and work as the object of
a verb. The person or object
referred to is receiving the action.
Example
1. Anthony will call her to get directions.
Her refers to some female that Anthony
will call. The girl is receiving the call, not
making the call.
Example
2. Our family will take them to the fair.
Them refers to another group of people that
will ride with our family. The people being
referred to will receive the action of being taken
to the fair; the people referred to are not taking
someone.
Possessive pronouns – these words take the
place of nouns or other pronouns and show
ownership or possession.
Example
1. Call your mother.
Your is used to show that the mother
belongs to the person being spoken to.
Example:
2. My aunt sold her car.
Her is used to show that the car is
owned by the speaker’s aunt.
• You are going to get three notecards. You will
need to label them neatly and write fairly large
• Label the first notecard- Subjective
• Label the second notecard- Objective
• Label the third notecard- Possessive
You will be turning these cards in, please do not write your name on
them
Use your hold up card to identify which type
of pronoun is used in the sentence.
Give the key to him.
She is the best choice.
My friend went to the
beach.
Please tell my neighbor and
him that we’ll walk the dogs
next week.
The concert was thrilling
for us in the audience.
The students finished all of
their homework on time.
Choose a pronoun for each blank.
1. My cat ate all of ________________ food this morning.
2. ____________ brought a casserole to the potluck dinner and put it
in the oven.
3. The doctor ordered the nurse to remove _____________ bandages.
4. Didn’t you ask ____________ not to do that?
5. That book is not the one _______________ wanted to read.
Number and answer the following questions on notebook paper
Write your name at the top!!!
• Exit Slip
1. Which type of pronoun should be used in place of a noun or pronoun that is DOING
an action in the sentence? ___________________________________________
2. Which type of pronoun should be used to show ownership in a sentence?
____________________
3. Which type of pronoun should be used in place of a noun or pronoun that is
RECEIVING an action in a sentence?
_____________________________________________________________
Fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun.
4. ___________ like to go on field trips.
5. The student passed a paper back to ___________________.
6. ___________ sweater was bright-blue.