Download Sudden Cardiac Arrest Awareness Form

WhatisSuddenCardiacArrest?
CatecholaminergicPolymorphic
VentricularTachycardiaand
BrugadaSyndrome–othertypesof
electricalabnormalitiesthatarerare
butruninfamilies.
Whatarethe
symptoms/warningsignsof
SuddenCardiacArrest?
Occurssuddenlyandoftenwithout
warning.
Ø Anelectricalmalfunction(shortØ Fainting/blackouts(especially
circuit)causesthebottomchambers duringexercise)
oftheheart(ventricles)tobeat
NonInherited(notpassedonfromthe Ø Dizziness
dangerouslyfast(ventricular
family,butstillpresentatbirth)
Ø Unusualfatigue/weakness
tachycardiaorfibrillation)and
conditions:
Ø Chestpain
disruptsthepumpingabilityofthe
CoronaryArteryAbnormalities–
Ø Shortnessofbreath
heart.
abnormalityofthebloodvesselsthat Ø Nausea/vomiting
Ø Theheartcannotpumpbloodtothe
supplybloodtotheheartmuscle.This Ø Palpitations(heartisbeating
brain,lungsandotherorgansofthe
isthesecondmostcommoncauseof
unusuallyfastorskippingbeats)
body.
suddencardiacarrestinathletesin
Ø Familyhistoryofsuddencardiac
Ø Thepersonlosesconsciousness
theU.S.
arrestatage<50
(passesout)andhasnopulse.
Aorticvalveabnormalities–failure ANYofthesesymptomsandwarning
Ø Deathoccurswithinminutesifnot
oftheaorticvalve(thevalvebetween signsthatoccurwhileexercisingmay
treatedimmediately.
theheartandtheaorta)todevelop
necessitatefurtherevaluationfrom
WhatcausesSuddenCardiac
properly;usuallycausesaloudheart yourphysicianbeforereturningto
murmur.
Arrest?
practiceoragame.
Inherited(passedonfromfamily)
Non-compactionCardiomyopathy– Whatisthetreatmentfor
conditionspresentatbirthofthe
aconditionwheretheheartmuscle
SuddenCardiacArrest?
heartmuscle:
doesnotdevelopnormally.
HypertrophicCardiomyopathy–
Timeiscriticalandanimmediate
WebsiteResources:
hypertrophy(thickening)oftheleft
responseisvital.
Wolff-Parkinson-WhiteSyndrome–
AmericanHeartAssociation:
ventricle;themostcommoncauseof
Ø
CALL911
anextraconductingfiberispresentin
www.heart.org
suddencardiacarrestinathletesin
Ø BeginCPR
theheart’selectricalsystemandcan
theU.S.
Ø UseanAutomatedExternal
increasetheriskofarrhythmias.
Defibrillator(AED)
ArrhythmogenicRightVentricular Conditionsnotpresentatbirthbut
Cardiomyopathy–replacementof
acquiredlaterinlife:
Whatarewaystoscreenfor
partoftherightventriclebyfatand
CommotioCordis–concussionofthe SuddenCardiacArrest?
scar;themostcommoncauseof
heartthatcanoccurfrombeinghitin
LeadAuthor:ArnoldFenrich,MD
TheAmericanHeartAssociation
suddencardiacarrestinItaly.
thechestbyaball,puck,orfist.
andBenjaminLevine,MD
recommendsapre-participationhistory
andphysicalincluding14important
MarfanSyndrome–adisorderofthe
Myocarditis–infectionor
cardiacelements.
AdditionalReviewers:UILMedical
structureofbloodvesselsthatmakes
inflammationoftheheart,usually
thempronetorupture;often
causedbyavirus.
AdvisoryCommittee
TheUILPre-ParticipationPhysical
associatedwithverylongarmsand
Evaluation–MedicalHistoryform
Recreational/Performanceunusuallyflexiblejoints.
includesALL14oftheseimportant
Enhancingdruguse.
cardiacelementsandismandatory
Inheritedconditionspresentatbirth
Idiopathic:Sometimestheunderlying
annually.
oftheelectricalsystem:
LongQTSyndrome–abnormalityin causeoftheSuddenCardiacArrestis
unknown,evenafterautopsy.
theionchannels(electricalsystem)of
theheart.
Revised2016
Ø
SUDDEN
CARDIAC
ARREST(SCA)
AWARENESS
FORM
TheBasicFactson
SuddenCardiacArrest
1
Eachschoolhasadevelopedsafety
proceduretorespondtoamedical
emergencyinvolvingacardiac
arrest.
Whatarethecurrent
recommendationsforscreening
youngathletes?
Arethereadditionaloptions
availabletoscreenforcardiac
conditions?
CanSuddenCardiacArrestbe
preventedjustthroughproper
screening?
Ø
TheUniversityInterscholasticLeague
requiresuseofthespecific
PreparticipationMedicalHistoryform
onayearlybasis.Thisprocessbegins
withtheparentsandstudent-athletes
answeringquestionsaboutsymptoms
duringexercise(suchaschestpain,
dizziness,fainting,palpitationsor
shortnessofbreath);andquestions
aboutfamilyhealthhistory.
Itisimportanttoknowifanyfamily
memberdiedsuddenlyduringphysical
activityorduringaseizure.Itisalso
importanttoknowifanyoneinthe
familyundertheageof50hadan
unexplainedsuddendeathsuchas
drowningorcaraccidents.This
informationmustbeprovidedannually
becauseitisessentialtoidentifythoseat
riskforsuddencardiacdeath.
Additionalscreeningusingan
electrocardiogram(ECG)and/oran
echocardiogram(Echo)isreadily
availabletoallathletesfromtheir
personalphysicians,butisnot
mandatory,andisgenerallynot
recommendedbyeithertheAmerican
HeartAssociation(AHA)orthe
AmericanCollegeofCardiology(ACC).
Limitationsofadditionalscreening
includethepossibility(~10%)of“false
positives”,whichleadstounnecessary
stressforthestudentandparentor
guardianaswellasunnecessary
restrictionfromathleticparticipation.
Thereisalsoapossibilityof“false
negatives”,sincenotallcardiac
conditionswillbeidentifiedby
additionalscreening.
Aproperevaluation(Preparticipation
PhysicalEvaluation–MedicalHistory)
shouldfindmost,butnotall,conditions
thatcouldcausesuddendeathinthe
athlete.Thisisbecausesomediseases
aredifficulttouncoverandmayonly
developlaterinlife.Otherscandevelop
followinganormalscreeningevaluation,
suchasaninfectionoftheheartmuscle
fromavirus.Thisiswhyamedical
historyandareviewofthefamilyhealth
historyneedtobeperformedonayearly
basis.Withproperscreeningand
evaluation,mostcasescanbeidentified
andprevented.
TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics
recommendstheAEDshouldbeplaced
inacentrallocationthatisaccessible
andideallynomorethana1to11/2
minutewalkfromanylocationandthat
acallismadetoactivate911emergency
systemwhiletheAEDisbeingretrieved.
TheUniversityInterscholasticLeague
requiresthePreparticipationPhysical
Examinationformpriortojuniorhigh
athleticparticipationandagainpriorto
the1stand3rdyearsofhighschool
participation.Therequiredphysical
examincludesmeasurementofblood
pressureandacarefullistening
examinationoftheheart,especiallyfor
murmursandrhythmabnormalities.If
therearenowarningsignsreportedon
thehealthhistoryandnoabnormalities
discoveredonexam,noadditional
evaluationortestingisrecommended
forcardiacissues/concerns.
Whenshouldastudentathlete
seeaheartspecialist?
Ifaqualifiedexaminerhasconcerns,a
referraltoachildheartspecialist,a
pediatriccardiologist,isrecommended.
Thisspecialistmayperformamore
thoroughevaluation,includingan
electrocardiogram(ECG),whichisa
graphoftheelectricalactivityofthe
heart.Anechocardiogram,whichisan
ultrasoundtesttoallowfordirect
visualizationoftheheartstructure,may
alsobedone.Thespecialistmayalso
orderatreadmillexercisetestand/ora
monitortoenablealongerrecordingof
theheartrhythm.Noneofthetestingis
invasiveoruncomfortable.
WhyhaveanAEDonsiteduring
sportingevents
Theonlyeffectivetreatmentfor
ventricularfibrillationisimmediateuse
ofanautomatedexternaldefibrillator
(AED).AnAEDcanrestoretheheart
backintoanormalrhythm.AnAEDis
alsolife-savingforventricular
fibrillationcausedbyablowtothechest
overtheheart(commotiocordis).
TexasSenateBill7requiresthatatany
schoolsponsoredathleticeventorteam
practiceinTexaspublichighschoolsthe
followingmustbeavailable:
Ø
AnAEDisinanunlockedlocation
onschoolpropertywithina
reasonableproximitytotheathletic
fieldorgymnasium
Ø
Allcoaches,athletictrainers,PE
teacher,nurses,banddirectorsand
cheerleadersponsorsarecertifiedin
cardiopulmonaryresuscitation
(CPR)andtheuseoftheAED.
Student&Parent/Guardian
Signatures
IauthorizethatIhavereadand
understandtheaboveinformation.
Parent/GuardianSignature
Parent/GuardianName(Print)
Date
StudentSignature
StudentName(Print)
Date
2