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Curriculum Vitae of Jackson Toby
Mailing Address:
Education:
Department of Sociology
Rutgers University
Livingston Campus
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
(732) 545-2615
Ph. D. (sociology), Harvard University, 1950
M.A. (sociology), Harvard University, 1949
M.A. (economics), Harvard University, 1947
B.A. (chemistry), Brooklyn College, 1946
Employment:
Professor of Sociology, Rutgers University, 1961-2002
Director, Institute for Criminological Research, Rutgers University, 1969-1994
Chair, Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, 1961-1969
Associate Professor of Sociology, Rutgers University, 1958-1961
Assistant Professor of Sociology, Rutgers University, 1951-1958
Research Associate, Laboratory of Social Relations, Harvard University, 1950-1951
Consultantships:
Youth Development Program, The Ford Foundation, 1959-1963
The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, 1966
National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, Ad hoc assignments, 1983Professional Memberships: American Sociological Association, Sociological Research
Association, American Society of Criminology, National Association of Scholars.
Honors: Social Science Research Council Faculty Fellowship, 1956-1959; Ford Foundation
Travel-Study Award, 1960; listed in Who's Who in America (1966- ); Rutgers University Board
of Trustees Award for Excellence in Research, 1984; Consulting Editor, American Journal of
Sociology, 1990-1992.
Community Service: Member, Highland Park Board of Education, 1966-1967; Member, Board
of Trustees, New Jersey Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1993-1995, 1997-2000; Board of Trustees,
Triple C housing, 1997-2014.
Intellectual History:
I studied with Professors Talcott Parsons and Samuel A. Stouffer at Harvard and learned
from them the importance of both theory and research, working in tandem, to advance scientific
understanding. The title of Stouffer's book of his collected articles, Social Research to Test
Ideas, expresses my conception of sociological research.
My Ph. D. dissertation in sociology, "Educational Maladjustment as a Predisposing Factor in
Criminal Careers: A Comparative Study of Ethnic Groups," investigated why
second-generation Italian-American boys had higher delinquency rates than second-generation
Jewish-American boys and called attention to the different cultural resources for legitimate social
mobility in the traditions from which these youngsters came. This suggested policies to increase
educational achievement and reduce delinquency.
From 1959 to 1963 I served as a regular consultant to the Youth Development Program of the
Ford Foundation. My duties involved the evaluation of solicited and unsolicited proposals in the
areas of delinquency prevention and the rehabilitation of youthful offenders.
At the request of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of
Justice, I contributed an article on adolescent delinquency to a volume of published papers on
the causes of juvenile crime (1967). In 1969 at the request of the American Sociological
Association's project to improve the teaching of sociology in secondary schools (supported by the
National Science Foundation), I prepared a unit on adolescent delinquency that was published in
1973.
In 1969 the Institute for Criminological Research was established at Rutgers University to
facilitate large-scale research projects supported by grants, and I became its first director. Since
its founding, the Institute has received from granting agencies more than three million dollars to
support about fifteen studies, some of them longitudinal and requiring four or five years to bring
to completion. In 1994 I resigned as Director and the Institute ceased operations.
Publications:
A. Books
Sociological Studies in Scale Analysis (with Matilda W. Riley and John W. Riley, Jr.),
New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954.
Social Problems in America (with Harry Bredemeier), New York: Wiley, 1960.
Revised Edition, 1972.
Contemporary Society: Social Process and Social Structure in Urban Industrial
Societies, New York: Wiley, 1964. Revised edition, 1971.
Delinquency (with Adam Scrupski and William Donahue), Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
1973.
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(editor) The American University (by Talcott Parsons and Gerald Platt). Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973.
(editor) The Evolution of Societies (by Talcott Parsons), Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall, 1977.
The Lowering of Higher Education: Why Financial Aid Should Be Based on
Student Performance, Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2009.
B. Major Articles
"Role Conflict and Personality" (with Samuel A. Stouffer), American Journal of
Sociology, Vol. 56, March 1951, pp. 395-406.
"Some Variables in Role Conflict Analysis," Social Forces, Vol. 30, March 1952, pp.
323-327.
"Universalistic and Particularistic Factors in Role Assignment," American Sociological
Review, Vol. 18, April 1953, pp. 134-141.
"Interpersonal Orientations in Small Groups: A Consideration of the Questionnaire
Approach" (with Matilda W. Riley, John W. Riley, Jr., and Richard Cohen), American
Sociological Review, Vol. 19, December 1954, pp. 715-724.
"Orientation to Education as a Factor in the School Maladjustment of Lower-Class
Children," Social Forces, Vol. 35, March 1957, pp. 259-266.
"The American College Student: A Candidate for Socialization." AAUP Bulletin, Vol.
43, Summer 1957, pp. 319-322.
"The Differential Impact of Family Disorganization," American Sociological Review,
Vol. 2, October 1957, pp. 505-512.
"Hoodlum or Businessman: An American Dilemma" in The Jews: Social Patterns of an
American Group, Marshall Sklare (Ed.), Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1958, pp.
542-550.
A briefer version of the article was published as:
"Social Disorganization and Stake in Conformity: Complementary Factors in the
Predatory Behavior of Young Hoodlums," Journal of Criminal Law,
Criminology and Police Science, Vol. 48, May-June 1957, pp. 12-17.
"Crime in American Public Schools." The Public Interest Vol. 58 (1980): 18–42.
Review Article: "Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs" by
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Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 12,
September 1961, pp. 282-289.
The Uncommitted Adolescent: Candidate for Gang Socialization" (with Larry Karacki),
Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 32, Spring 1962, pp. 203-215.
"Criminal Motivation," British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 2, April 1962, pp.
317-336.
"Is Punishment Necessary?" Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police
Science, Vol. 55, September 1964, pp. 332-337.
"An Evaluation of Early Identification and Intensive Treatment Programs for
Predelinquents," Social Problems, Vol. 13, Fall 1965, pp. 160-175.
A briefer version of the previous article was published as:
"Early Identification and Intensive Treatment of Predelinquents: A Negative View,"
Social Work, Vol. 6. July 1961, pp. 3-13.
"Violence and the Masculine Ideal: Some Qualitative Data," Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 364, March 1966, pp. 19-27.
"Delinquent Gangs," International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, New York:
Macmillan, 1968, Vol. 4, pp. 93-96.
"Affluence and Adolescent Crime," in The President's Commission on Law Enforcement
and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth
Crime, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1967, pp. 132-144.
"Are Criminals Germs?" The Administration of Justice in America (the 1968-69
duPont Lectures on Crime, Delinquency and Corrections), Newark, Delaware: University
of Delaware Press, 1970, pp. 3-16.
"The Educational Possibilities of Consensual Research," The American Sociologist, Vol.
7, February 1972, pp. 11-13.
"Parsons' Theory of Social Evolution," Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 1, September
1972, pp. 395-401.
"Is the Social Actor Psychologically Empty?" Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 2, March
1973, pp. 132-135.
"The Socialization and Control of Deviant Motivation," in Daniel Glaser, ed., Handbook
of Criminology, Chicago: Rand McNally, 1974, Chapter 3, pp. 85-100.
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"The War on Poverty: Politics of Unrealistic Expectations," Contemporary Sociology,
Vol. 4, January 1975, pp. 11-18.
"Deterrence without Punishment," in The Swedish National Council for Crime
Prevention, General Deterrence: A Conference on Current Research and
Standpoints, June 2-4, 1975. Stockholm: Research and Development Division, 1976,
pp. 287-302.
"Inadequacy, Instrumental Activism, and the Adolescent Subculture,” in Jan Loubser et
al., Explorations in General Theory in Social Science: Essays in Honor of Talcott
Parsons, New York: 1976, Vol. 1, Chap. 18, pp. 407-414.
"Delinquency in Cross-Cultural Perspective," Pp. 105-149 in LaMar T. Empey, ed.,
Juvenile Justice: The Progressive Legacy and Current Reforms, Charlottesville, Va.:
University Press of Virginia, 1979.
"The New Criminology Is the Old Sentimentality," Criminology, Vol. 16, February 1979,
pp. 516-526.
"Societal Evolution and Criminality: A Parsonian View," Social Problems, Vol. 26,
April 1979, pp. 386-391.
"Crime in American Public Schools," The Public Interest, Number 58, Winter 1980, pp.
18-42.
“Samuel A. Stouffer: Social Research As a Calling," in Robert K. Merton and Matilda
White Riley, Sociological Traditions from Generation to Generation, Ablex
Publishing Company, 1980, pp. 131-151.
“Where are the Streakers Now?" in Hubert M. Blalock, ed., Sociological Theory and
Research, Free Press, 1980, pp. 304-313.
“Deterrence Without Punishment," Criminology, Vol. 19, 1981, pp. 195-209. (This is a
revised version of the article published in the 1976 proceeds of the conference on
deterrence in Stockholm.)
“Violence in School," in Michael Tonry and Norval Morris, eds., Crime and Justice:
An Annual Review of Research Vol. IV, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983,
pp. 1-47.
“Crime in the Schools," in Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, New York: Free Press,
1983.
“Crime in the Schools," in James Q. Wilson, ed., Crime and Public Policy, San
Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1983, pp. 69-88.
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“The Victims of School Violence," in Timothy F. Hartnagel and Robert A. Silverman,
eds., Critique and Explanation: Essays in Honor of Gwynne Nettler, New
Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1986, pp. 171-186.
“Of Dropouts and Stayins: The Gershwin Approach," The Public Interest, Number 95
(Spring, 1989), pp. 3-13.
“Coercion or Choice?" The Public Interest, Number 96 (Summer, 1989), pp. 134-136.
(with Adam Scrupski) “Coerced Community Service as a School Discipline Strategy," In
Oliver C. Moles, ed., Student Discipline Strategies: Research and Practice,
Binghamton, New York: State University of New York Press, 1990, pp. 267-285.
“Trends in Victimization in School and Elsewhere, 1974 - 1981" (with Robert Nash
Parker, William R. Smith, and D. Randall Smith), Journal of Quantitative
Criminology, Vol 7, March 1991, pp. 3-17.
“Fear of School-related Predatory Crime," (with Frank S. Pearson) Sociology and Social
Research, Vol. 75 (April, 1991), pp. 117-125.
"Criminalization of Deviance," In Edgar F. Borgatta, ed., The Encyclopedia of
Sociology, 1992, pp. 366-370.
"Carrots or Sticks for High School Dropouts?" (with David Armor), The Public Interest,
Number 106 (Winter 1992), pp. 76-90.
"School Violence and the Breakdown of Community Homogeneity," in Brian Forst, ed.,
The Socioeconomics of Crime and Justice. Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1994.
"Everyday School Violence: How Disorder Fuels It," American Educator, Vol 17, No. 4
(Winter, 1993/1994), pp. 4-9, 44-48.
"The Politics of School Violence," The Public Interest, Number 116 (Summer, 1994),
pp. 34-56.
"[Crime in] The Schools" in James Q. Wilson and Joan Petersilia, eds., Crime. San
Francisco: ISC Press, 1995, pp. 141-170.
"Correctional Bootcamps for Juvenile Offenders: An Experiment in Voluntary
Servitude," In Peter Hedstrom and Eckart Kuhlhorn, eds., Sociology through Time and
Space: Essays in Honor of Carl-Gunnar Janson, Stockholm, Sweden: Sociologiska
Institutionen, 1996, pp. 49-65.
“Medicalizing Temptation,” The Public Interest, Number 130, (Winter, 1998), pp. 6478.
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“Getting Serious about School Discipline,” The Public Interest, Number 133 (Fall,
1998), pp. 68-83.
"Obsessive Compulsion: the Folly of Mandatory High-school Attendance," National
Review, June 28, 1999, pp. 30-34.
“Are Police the Enemy?” Society, Vol. 37 (May/June, 2000), pp. 38-42.
“Hate-Crime Laws: What’s Not to Like? For Starters They Are Bad Public Policy,” The
Weekly Standard, Vol. 6, No. 7, October 30, 2000, pp. 24-25.
“The Criminalization of Deviance,” Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2nd edition, Vol. 1,
2000, pp, 523-527.
“Schools and Crime,” Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2nd edition, ed. Joshua
Dressler. New York & Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002, pp. 1365-1373.
“Ignoring Warnings, I Became a Criminologist” in Gilbert Geis and Mary Dodge, eds.,
Lessons of Criminology, Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson, 2002, pp. 137-148.
“Let Them Drop Out: A Response to the Killings in Suburban High Schools,” The
Weekly Standard, Vol. 6, No. 29, April 9, 2001, pp. 18-23.
“Is a Weapons-screening Strategy for Public Schools Good Public Policy?” Journal of
Health Politics, Policy and Law, April 2002, pp. 259-263.
“The Intellectual Debt that Deviance Theory Owes Talcott Parsons,” Journal of Classical
Sociology,” Vol. 5, No.3, November 2005, pp. 349-364.
“Subprime Student Loans.” Inside Higher Ed, December 23, 2009,
http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2009/12/23/toby
“Do Incentives Work with Pigeons but Not with American Students?” Text of a talk given
at the University Club in New York City sponsored by the Manhattan Institute, April 7,
2010.
“How Scholarships Morphed into Financial Aid,” Academic Questions, Vol. 23, No. 3,
November 2010.
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C. Short Articles and Communications
"Comment on the Jonassen-Shaw and McKay Controversy," American Sociological
Review, Vol. 15, February 1950, pp. 107-108.
"Is Early School Leaving a Factor in Juvenile Delinquency?" N.J. Welfare Council
Bulletin, Vol. 25, April 1954.
"Undermining the Student's Faith in the Validity of Personal Experience," American
Sociological Review, Vol. 20, Dec. 1955, pp. 717-718.
"Delinquency-Prone Adolescents Need a Special Kind of Work Experience," Federal
Probation, Vol. 20, March 1956, p. 53.
"Comment on Strodtbeck's Review of Scale Analysis," in Sociometry, Vol. 18,
December 1956, (with John W. Riley, Jr., Matilda W. Riley and Richard Cohn), pp.
465-469.
"Are Polls Superior to Primaries for Determining a Party's Best Vote Getter?" Public
Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 20, Winter 1956, pp. 717-718.
"A Student's Eye-View of a Great Teacher," in Why Teach? D. Louise Sharp, (Ed.),
Henry Holt, 1957, pp. 220-224.
"A Way Out of the Blackboard Jungle," The Nation, Vol. 186, March 8, 1958, pp.
205-207.
"Bombing in Nashville," Commentary, Vol. 25, May 1958, pp. 385-389.
"Is it Necessary to Postulate `Status Frustration' to Explain Gang Delinquency?"
American Sociological Review, Vol. 24, August 1959, p. 545.
"Further Comments on the Limitations of Personal Experience," American Sociological
Review, Vol. 26, April 1961, pp. 279-280.
"The Prospects for Reducing Delinquency Rates in Industrial
Societies," Federal Probation, Vol. 27, December 1963, pp. 23-25.
Conversation about Juvenile Delinquency in Japan with Professor Iwai, Asahi Journal,
Vol. 6, April 26, 1964, pp. 93-98.
"Further Comments on the Interpretation of Personal Experience," Sociological
Quarterly, Vol. 6, Summer 1965, pp. 220-221.
"On Glaser's Prison and Parole, American Sociological Review, Vol. 31, April 1966, p.
264.
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"Adolescent Delinquency in Japan," Asahi Journal, Vol. 9, December 31, 1967.
"A Criticism of Colfax's Review of Parsons," American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 34,
Sept. 1971, pp. 306-308.
"Gouldner's Misleading Reading of the Theories of Talcott Parsons," Contemporary
Sociology, March 1972, pp. 109-110.
"Open-ended Sentence," New York Times, January 15, 1973.
"Sin in High Places," National Review, Vol. 26, April 26, 1974, pp. 484-485.
Foreword to Henry J. Steadman and Joseph J. Cocozza, Careers of the Criminally
Insane: Excessive Social Control of Deviance, Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1974.
"Dungan Assailed on Tuition," New York Times, February 27, 1977.
"A Prospect of Less Crime in the 1980's," New York Times, October 26, 1977.
"Joyless Sports?" The Reporter of the New Jersey Association for Health, Physical
Education, and Recreation, Vol. 51, No.1 (October 1977), pp. 8-9.
"Combating Delinquency," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly,
January 7, 1978.
"A Vote for In Loco Parentis," Rutgers Alumni Monthly, Vol. 58, No.3, February, 1979,
p. 32.
"Crime in Newark: Patience is Needed," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly,
December 16, 1979.
"New Prison is Needed in the State," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly, October
26, 1980.
"The Average Criminal Is An Amateur," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly, April
12, 1981.
"What Does Nontraditional Really Mean?" New York Times, New Jersey Weekly,
August 30, 1981.
"Advice About Crime for Mr. Kean," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly, December
27, 1981.
"The Crisis in Our Prisons and What We Can do About It," New York Times, New
Jersey Weekly, May 2, 1982.
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"Children's Own Fault," New York Times, July 28, 1982.
"Prison Pressures Must Have a Valve," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly,
September 26, 1982.
"A Way to Curb School Violence," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly, April 3,
1983.
"Cutting the Schoolroom Crime Rate," Los Angeles Times, September 11, 1983.
(with John A. Marzulli) "Unburdening Our Prisons," New York Times, New Jersey
Weekly, December 25, 1983.
"Violence in School," Research in Brief series of the National Institute of Justice,
December, 1983.
"Expulsions Can Bring School Classes to Order," Wall Street Journal, February 6,
1984.
"A Higher Price for Lesser Crimes: Punish Nonviolent Offenders with Weekend Public
Work," Los Angeles Times, February 24, 1984.
"The Real Cost of School Violence," America, April 14, 1984, pp. 273-276.
"Pay Isn't Foremost of Teacher Tribulations," Wall Street Journal, February 12, 1985.
"America Works Despite All the Odds," Wall Street Journal, August 15, 1985.
"Sanctuary -- A False Messiah for Jews?" Jewish Star, May 16, 1986.
"Going Native in Criminology," The Criminologist, Vol. 11, May-June, 1986.
"Worst Thing about U.S. Prisons Is the Other Prisoners," Wall Street Journal, June 10,
1986.
"Studying Suicide and `the Nerve of Failure,'" Chicago Tribune, July 31, 1987.
"Let Students Drop Out -- and Back In," Wall Street Journal, August 5, 1987.
"Another Variation of `Throwing Money at a Problem,'" Chicago Tribune, October 14,
1988.
"Should Film Makers Never Choose Myth Over Fact?" Los Angeles Times, December
18, 1988.
10
"Ending Required Gym," New York Times, New Jersey Weekly, July 9, 1989.
"Some Students Should Drop Out," Chicago Tribune, February 20, 1990. Under the
title, "Stay-Ins Weaken Schools' Performance," republished in Education Week, April 4,
1990.
"U.N. Hands Cuba a P.R. Coup," Wall Street Journal, August 27, 1990.
"An Unsung Educational Hero," Education Week, May 1, 1991.
"Driver's License Threat Doesn't Stop Dropouts," (with David Armor) Dallas Times
Herald, May 16, 1991. Reprinted in Charleston Daily Mail, June 26, 1991.
"The Downside of Dropout Prevention," Crime Beat, November, 1991.
"To Get Rid of Guns in Schools, Get Rid of Some Students," Wall Street Journal,
March 3, 1992.
"Resist Temptation, Sen. Packwood," Wall Street Journal, December 4, 1992.
"[Unstudious] College Students Are a Poor Investment," Wall Street Journal, May 4,
1993.
"Ill-advised Guidelines Put Students at Disadvantage," Star-Ledger, October 10, 1993.
[also published under the title, "We Lowered Higher Education in New Jersey," in
Measure, July/August 1994]
"In War Against Grade Inflation, Dartmouth Scores a Hit," Wall Street Journal,
September 8, 1994.
"Making Classrooms Safe for Learning," Education Review, Washington Post, August
6, 1995.
"Reducing Crime: New York's Example," Washington Post, July 23, 1996.
“’Racial Profiling’ Doesn’t Prove Cops Are Racist,” Wall Street Journal, March 11,
1999.
"Cakewalk to College," Washington Post, March 2, 2000.
“Reply” to comment on my review of Rampage, Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 35, No.
3, May 2006, p. 331.
“College for All?” Washington Times, February 29, 2008.
“Curbing College Massacres,” Washington Times, June 29, 2008.
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The following list is available at MindingtheCampus.com
Dec 05, 2014
Do College Graduates Need Soft Skills?
May 12, 2014
A Tradition of Mindless Protests at Rutgers
Nov 12, 2013
Why Asian Students Are So Important on Campus
Jul 31, 2013
Confronting the Binge-Drinking Campus Culture
Feb 27, 2013
The Market for College Grads Keeps Changing
Dec 10, 2012
Majoring in Fun
Nov 11, 2012
Sending the Wrong Students to College
Jul 24, 2012
A Proposal to Let Bankruptcy Discharge Private Student Loans
May 17, 2012
Cheaper Student Loans–A Bad Idea Whose Time Has Come
Mar 27, 2012
The Loan Defaults Are Coming–Here’s What to Do
Mar 19, 2012
Hateless Hate Crime at Rutgers?
Jan 30, 2012
Second Thoughts About Joe Paterno
Nov 16, 2011
Paterno: Sentence First, Verdict Afterwards
Oct 11, 2011
The Revenge of the Unemployed Graduates
Aug 29, 2011
Colleges as Launching Pads to Adulthood
May 16, 2011
An Unexpected Harmony on the Humanities, But…
May 12, 2011
The One Trillion Dollar Misunderstanding
Dec 23, 2010
Let’s Change the Student Loan Program
Dec 16, 2010
Is It Fair to Call It a Scam?
Aug 19, 2010
Why Remediation in College Doesn’t Work
Apr 08, 2010
On Pigeons, Pells and Student Incentives
Feb 08, 2010
Goofing Off At College
12
D. Book Reviews
Of Lawrence K. Frank, Nature and Human Nature in The Survey, Vol. 87, August
1951, p. 363.
Of Leon Festinger and Daniel Katz, Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences in
Social Problems, Vol. 1, April 1954, p. 178.
Of William H. Whyte, Jr., The Organization Man in Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.
21, Fall 1957, pp. 395-396.
Of F. Ivan Nye, Family Relationships and Delinquent Behavior in American
Sociological Review, Vol. 24, April 1959, pp. 282-283.
Of Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd E. Ohlin, Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory
of Delinquent Gangs in Social Forces, Vol.40, October 1961, pp. 98-99.
Of T. R. Fyvel, Troublemakers: Rebellious Youth in an Affluent Society in Journal
of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, Vol. 56, March 1965, pp. 95-96.
A briefer version of the previous review was published in American Sociological
Review, Vol. 27, December 1962, p. 870.
Of David Matza, Delinquency and Drift in Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, Vol. 359, May 1965. pp. 219-220.
Of Don C. Gibbons, Changing the Lawbreaker in Social Forces, Vol. 44, March 1966,
pp. 445-446.
Of Bernard Barber, Drugs and Society, in American Sociological Review, Vol. 34, Feb.
1969, pp. 128-129.
Of Reece McGee, Academic Janus: The Private College and Its Faculty, in
American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 79, July 1973, pp. 198-199.
Of Henry Nelson, When Mother Is a Prefix: New Directions in Youth Corrections
and Frank J. Pizzat, Behavioral Modification in Residential Treatment for Children:
Model of a Program, in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, Vol. 412, (March 1974), pp. 210-211.
Of Walter C. Reckless and Simon Dinitz, The Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency: An
Experiment and LaMar T. Empey and Maynard L. Erickson, The Provo Experiment:
Evaluating Community Control of Delinquency in Social Forces, Vol. 53, September
1974, pp. 151-152.
Of Michael Schwartz and Sheldon Stryker, Deviance, Selves, and Others in American
13
Journal of Sociology, Vol. 81, March 1976, pp. 1234-1235.
Of James Q. Wilson, Thinking About Crime, New York: Basic Books, 1975, in
Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 5, July 1975, pp. 416-418.
Of Wesley G. Skogan and Michael G. Mayfield, Coping with Crime: Individual and
Neighborhood Reactions, in Contemporary Sociology, Vol. II, July 1982, pp. 420-421.
Of Gary D. Gottfredson and Denise C. Gottfredson, Victimization in Schools, New
York: Plenum, 1985, in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol 75, Spring
1986, pp. 265-268.
Of Martin Denscombe, Classroom Control: A Sociological Perspective, Winchester,
MA: Allen & Unwin, 1985, in Social Forces, March 1987, pp. 886-887.
Of Samuel G. Freedman, Small Victories: The Real World of a Teacher, Her
Students, and Their High School, in Commentary, Vol. 90, No. 2, August, 1990, pp.
61-62.
Of Mark H. Moore, Carol V. Petrie, Anthony A Braga, and Brenda L. McLaughlin, eds.
Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence, Washington, D.C.: National
Academies Press, in Contemporary Sociology Vol. 33, No. 2, May 2003, pp. 358-259.
Of Abigail Thernstrom and Stephen Thernstrom, No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap
in Learning, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003, in Contemporary Sociology Vol. 33,
No. 5, September 2003, pp. 605-606.
Of John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson, Shared Meanings, Divergent Lives:
Delinquent Boys to Age 70. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003, in
Contemporary Sociology Vol. 35, No. 1, January 2005, pp. 65-67..
Of Patrick Allitt, I’m the Teacher, You’re the Student: A Semester in the University
Classroom, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005, in Contemporary
Sociology, Vol. 34, No. 5, September 2005, pp. 459-461.
Of Katherine S. Newman, Cybelle, Fox, David Harding, Jal Mehta, and Wendy Roth,
Rampage: the Social Roots of School Shootings, New York: Basic Books, 2004, in
Contemporary Sociology Vol. 34, No. 6, November 2005, pp.620-622.
E. Unpublished Reports
Some Factors in Negro Delinquency, Department of Sociology, Rutgers, August, 1954
(with John W. Riley, Jr.).
Some Impressions of Sub-Cultural Delinquency in Western Europe, Unpublished
narrative report submitted to the Ford Foundation in 1960 following a Foundation
14
sponsored travel-study trip to Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands.
Low School Status as a Predisposing Factor in Sub-Cultural Delinquency (with
Marcia L. Toby), A cooperative research project of the United States Office of Education
and Rutgers - The State University, December, 1961. (Available in depository libraries of
U. S. Government Printing Office)
Ex-Offenders as Small Businessmen: Opportunities and Obstacles (with Leon
Jansyn, Eric Kohlohf, and Charles Sadowski), A cooperative research project of the
United States Department of Labor and Rutgers University, July 1969.
The Juvenile Court Program of the Turrell Fund (with Marcia L. Toby), August 1975.
The Impact of Residential Treatment (with Marcia L. Toby), December, 1978.
The Contextual Effects of Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Intra-Institutional
Change and Post-Release Outcomes (with William R. Smith and Allan V. Horwitz),
Final Report to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1983.
The Impact of Residential Treatment: Adaptation in the Community Five Years
Later (with William R. Smith, Anna Kline, and Marcia Toby), Final Report to the Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1984.
Competing with the Drug Curriculum in American Schools, Prepared for a
Conference sponsored by the Office of Research, U.S. Department of Education, on "New
Research Perspectives on Student Drug Abuse."
(with Frank Pearson) Perceived and Actual Risks of School Related Victimization.
Submitted to the National Institute of Justice. June 30, 1992.
(with Frank Pearson) How Some Persons with Disabilities Obtain Post-Secondary
Education Whereas Others Do Not. Submitted to the Disability and Health Economic
Research, Bureau of Economic Research, Rutgers University. November 15, 1992.
(with Frank Pearson) Correlates of Poor School Attendance and De Facto Dropping
Out in the U. S. Submitted to the Spencer Foundation, December 31, 1992.
F. Grants since 1990
National Institute of Justice, “Urinalysis-Based Deterrence of Drug Use by Felons”
$191,335 January 1, 1989 - June 30, 1991 (A study of in-program failures of the New
Jersey ISP due to drug use to find causes.)
Smith-Richardson Foundation, “West Virginia's Law Revoking Drivers' Licenses for
Dropouts: What Are Its Effects?” $29,632 May 1, 1990 - December 31, 1990 (An
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evaluation of the West Virginia law to revoke driver's licenses of school dropouts to
reduce dropout rate.)
National Institute of Justice, “What the School Crime Supplement Reveals” $10,000 June
1, 1990 - November 15, 1990 (A comparative study of the NCS and the School Crime
Supplement to the NCS to find out whether the NCS gives an adequate picture of school
crime.)
Edna & Jack Belasco Foundation, “Support for School Safety Consultation Service”
$1,000 May 1, 1991 - April 30, 1992 (To conduct school safety workshops in South
Jersey.)
Spencer Foundation, “ De Facto Dropping Out in the U.S.: Correlates and Consequences”
$39,100 July 1, 1991 - January 31, 1992 (Using the National Crime Survey and the
School Crime Supplement, patterns of nonattendance, de facto dropping out, in grades 7
through 12 were investigated.
National Institute of Justice, “ Perceived and Actual Risks of School-Related
Victimization” $49,978 October 1, 1991 - September 30, 1992 (The School Crime
Supplement was used to analyze how specific cognitions of victimization risk among
students are associated with their responses to victimization risk.)
National Institute of Justice, “ Boot Camps for Juvenile Offenders: Constructive
Intervention and Early Support Implementation Evaluation” $233,705 October 1, 1991 September 30, 1992 (A full implementation evaluation and preparation for an impact
evaluation was conducted for each of three pilot boot camp programs.)
Bureau of Economic Research, “Disabilities and College Education” $47,477 March 16,
1992 - November 15, 1992 (To study the obstacles facing disabled youth when they
consider entering college existing data and data from a new survey will be analyzed.)
National Institute of Justice, “Evaluation of Bootcamp for Juvenile Offenders” $111,531
October 1, 1992 - September 30, 1993 (To study the effectiveness of three bootcamps.)
Bureau of Economic Research, “Disabilities and Education” $49,771 January 1, 1993 December 31, 1993 (A survey of 11th and 12th graders with disabilities and their parents
to assess the obstacles in obtaining post-secondary education.)
The Randolph Foundation, “Support for work on a book about everyday violence in
school” $5,000
The Olin Foundation, “Support for work on a book about higher education as an
entitlement” $50,000 June 1, 1994 - August 31, 1996
G. Speeches, TV or radio programs, papers at professional meetings since 1985
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1/4/85 Radio interview: WGBS David Gold Talk Show 7-8 PM
4/23/85 Panel Discussion with Director Hubert Williams of the Newark Police
Department and with Rutgers Law School and Rutgers School of Criminal Justice faculty
Rutgers Law School
10/21/85 Lecture: "What Can Be Done about School Crime?" Fortunoff Colloquium
N.Y.U. School of Law
4/14/86 Talk: "School Violence" A.A.R.P., Metuchen Chapter
4/20/86 Talk: "Research on School Violence" Parents Association, Rutgers College
5/10/86 Talk: "School Violence" Campus Coalition for Democracy, Philadelphia
10/31/86 Paper: "Strategies for Dealing with School Violence" Atlanta Annual meeting of
American Society of Criminology
6/23/86 Radio interview: WMCA (New York)
6/25/86 Radio interview: Voice of America (international)
7/2/86 Radio interview: WBAL (Baltimore)
7/25/86 Radio interview: KGIL (Los Angeles)
2/24/87 TV Symposium (1 hour): Channel 13 (New York) conducted by Rutgers
President Edward Bloustein on the subject of the juvenile justice system
5/9/87 Talk: "School Violence" Campus Coalition for Democracy (New York)
11/11/87 Paper: "Cultural Literacy and School Crime" Annual Meeting of the American
Society of Criminology, Montreal
3/3/88 TV interview: New Jersey Evening News
5/8/89 Radio interview: WAMV Diana Rehm Show (Washington, D. C.)
5/29/89 TV interview: NBC (by Jane Pauley) Today Show
6/8/89 TV interview: CBS (by Charlie Rose) Nightwatch
12/1/89 Talk: "Making Schools Safer" The Manhattan Institute
8/28/90 Radio interview: Radio Marti
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9/13/91 Talk: "Alternative Strategies of Dropout Prevention" Educational Testing Service
(Princeton)
12/17/91 Radio interview: WCTC Jack Ellery Show (New Brunswick)
3/3/92 Radio interview: ABC radio Bob Grant Show (New York)
4/2/92 Radio interview: WORD-FM Mark Elfstrand (Pittsburgh)
12/26/92 - 1/1/93 TV and radio: Rutgers Forum "Guns in School" various stations
4/9/01 Radio interview: WNYC (Bryan Lehrer) “On the Line” [about school violence]
10/9/02 Radio interview: WABC John Gambling [about college students underprepared
for college and the need for remedial education in college]
1/18/10 Radio interview: VoiceAmerica radio network
http://www.voiceamerica.com/Episode/43943
H. Reprinted Articles
"Role Conflict and Personality," (1951), reprinted in Talcott Parsons and Edward A. Shils
(eds.), Towards a General Theory of Action, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1951, pp. 481-494; Matilda White Riley, Sociological Research, Vol. 1, New
York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1963, pp. 426-435.
"Some Variables in Role Conflict Analysis" (1952), reprinted in Carl W. Backman and Paul
F. Secord, Problems in Social Psychology, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966, pp. 348-351.
"Undermining the Student's Faith in the Validity of Personal
Experience" (1955), reprinted in Kimball Young and Raymond W. Mack, Principles of
Sociology: A Reader in Theory and Research, New York: American Book Co., 1960;
Milton L. Barron, Contemporary Sociology, New York Dodd, Mead, 1964, pp. 25-27;
Mark Abrahamson, Introductory Readings on Sociological Concepts, Methods and
Data, Van Nostrand, 1969, pp. 37-38; Barry J. Wishart and Louis C. Reichman, Modern
Sociological Issues, Macmillan, 1975, pp. 16-17, 2nd ed., 1979, pp. 16-17; Social Science
Symposium, Department of Transportation, State of Illinois, June, 1973.
"Are Polls Superior to Primaries for Determining a Party's Best Vote Getter?" (1956),
reprinted in Francis M. Carney and H. Frank Way, Jr., Politics 1960, San Francisco:
Wadworth Publishing, 1960, pp. 110-111.
"Orientation to Education as a Factor in the School Maladjustment of Lower-Class Children"
(1957), reprinted in Robert F. Winch, Robert McGinnis, and Herbert R. Barringer, Selected
Studies in Marriage and the Family, rev. ed., New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
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1962, pp. 291-303; Neil J. Smelser and William T. Smelser, Personality and Social
Systems, New York: Wiley, 1963, pp. 549-558; B. C. Rosen, H. J. Crockett and C. Z.
Munn, Eds., Achievement in American Society, Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman
Publishing, 1969, pp. 212-226.
"The Differential Impact of Family Disorganization" (1957),
reprinted in Marvin E. Wolfgang, Leonard Savitz, and Norman
Johnston, The Sociology of Crime and Delinquency, New York: Wiley, 1962, pp.
331-338; Knudten and Schafer, Juvenile Delinquency: A Reader, New York: Random
House, 1970, pp. 132-192; F. Sack, R. Konig, Kriminalsozologie, Frankfort, Akademische
Verlagsgesellschaft, 1968, pp. 91-104.
"The American College Student: A Candidate for Socialization" (1957) reprinted in Esther
Lloyd-Jones and Herman A. Estrin, The American Student and His College, Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1967, pp. 30-33.
"Social Disorganization and Stake in Conformity: Complementary Factors in The Predatory
Behavior of Young Hoodlums," 1957, reprinted in Daniel Glaser, Ed., Crime in the City,
New York: Harper & Row, 1970, pp. 129-137.
"The Uncommitted Adolescent: Candidate for Gang Socialization" (1962), reprinted in
Arthur B. Shostak and William Gomberg, Blue-Collar World: Studies of the American
Worker, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-hall, 1964, pp. 165-176; Helen MacGill
Hughes, Delinquents and Criminals: Their Social World, Boston: Allyn and Bacon,
1970, pp. 43-50.
"The Prospects for Reducing Delinquency Rates in Industrial
Societies," (1963), reprinted in Harwin L. Voss, Society,
Delinquency and Delinquent Behavior, Boston: Little, Brown, 1970, pp. 454-458.
"Is Punishment Necessary?" (1964), reprinted in Peter I. Rose, The Study of Society: An
Integrated Anthology, New York: Random House, 1967 and in second edition, 1970, pp.
754-762; Harry Gold and Frank R. Scarpitti, Combatting Social Problems: Techniques of
Intervention, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967, pp. 307-315; J. Alan Winter,
Jerome Rabow and Mark Chesler, Vital Problems for American Society, New York:
Random House, March 1968, pp. 150-160; Paul Lerman, Delinquency and Social Policy,
New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1973, pp. 267-273; Norman Johnston, Leonard Savitz,
Marvin E. Wolfgang, The Sociology of Punishment and Correction, 2nd ed., New York:
John Wiley and Sons, 1970, pp. 362-369; R. D. Knudten, Ed., Crime, Criminology, and
Contemporary Society, Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey, 1970, pp. 387-395; Stanley E. Grupp,
Ed., Theories of Punishment, Indiana University Press, 1971,
pp. 102-114.
"An Evaluation of Early Identification and Intensive Treatment Programs for
Predelinquents," 1965, reprinted in Carl A. Bersani, Crime and Delinquency: A Reader,
New York: Macmillan, 1970, pp. 524-541, in Stratton and Terry, Prevention of
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Delinquency: Problems and Progress, New York: Macmillan, 1969, pp. 99-117; Harwin
L. Voss, Society, Delinquency and Delinquent Behavior, Boston: Little, Brown, 1970, pp.
399-412; Earl Raab, Major Social Problems, 3rd ed., Harper & Row, 1973.
"Affluence and Adolescent Crime" (1967), reprinted in The Indiana Social Studies
Quarterly, Vol. 20, Winter, 1967-68, pp. 39-57; Knudten and Schafer, Juvenile
Delinquency: A Reader, New York: Random House, 1970, pp. 238-250; Donald R.
Cressey and David A. Ward, Delinquency, Crime and Social Process, New York: Harper
& Row, 1969, pp. 285-311; James E. Teele, Ed., Reader on Juvenile Delinquency, Ithica,
Ill., F. E. Peacock, 1970, pp. 263-280; Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in Sociology, 115-768;
Robert W. Winslow, Juvenile Delinquency in a Free Society, Belmont, Cal.: Dickinson,
1968, pp. 26-45; Louise I. Shelley, ed., Readings in Comparative Criminology,
Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1981, pp. 18-43.
"Violence and the Masculine Ideal" (1966), reprinted in Suzanne K. Steinmetz and Murray
A. Straus, ed., Violence in the Family, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1974, pp. 58-64; excerpt in
Mary Alice Bayer Gammon, Violence in Canada, Toronto: Methuen, 1978, pp. 22-23.
"The New Criminology Is the Old Sentimentality" (1979), reprinted in James Inciardi, ed.,
Radical Criminology: The Coming Crisis, Sage, 1980, pp. 124-132.
"Crime in American Public Schools" (1980), reprinted in Irving Louis Horowitz, ed., Policy
Studies Review Annual, Vol. 5, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1981; Nathan
Glazer, ed., The Public Interest on Education, Cambridge, MA: Abt Books, 1984, pp.
143-167; Nathan Glazer, ed., The Public Interest on Crime and Punishment, Cambridge,
MA: Abt Books, 1984, pp. 219-243.
“’Racial Profiling’ Doesn’t Prove Cops Are Racist” (1999), reprinted in Helen Cothran, ed.,
Police Brutality: Opposing Viewpoints, San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2001, pp. 116-120.
I. Miscellaneous
I have not included on this list the many presentations that I made over the years at
professional meetings like those of the American Sociological Association and the
American Society of Criminology.
Ten to fifteen conversations per year with journalists referred to me by the Rutgers New
Service who are working on some kind of crime story and want to talk with a knowledgeable
academic.
I taught small squash classes (unremunerated) nearly every semester from approximately
1975 to 1995 to Rutgers students, faculty, and staff. I also wrote an Op Ed piece in the
Daily Targum [the Rutgers student newspaper] on September 14, 1987 about the Squash
Club and the opportunities for playing squash at Rutgers.
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I have written about ten op ed pieces for the Daily Targum on a variety of subjects that I
thought would interest students, such as my use of Z-scores in grading large classes. I was
attempting to convince students that this method of arriving at final grades is fairer than
other methods. I have not succeeded; my own students generally hate Z-scores and do not
understand them.
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