Download BSC 2086 Class Notes Chapter 16 – Part 1 Summer 2010

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BSC 2086 Class Notes Chapter 16 – Parts 1 & 2
Summer 2010
The Endocrine System acts with the _________________ system to ____________________ and
__________________ the activity of body cells. It influences metabolic activities by means of
_________________ transported in the ____________. Endocrine glands are ________________.
Responses occur more ______________ but tend to _____________________ than those of the nervous
system.
Please name 5 purely Endocrine Glands:
Please name 2 glands that have both exocrine and endocrine functions:
Please name 1 gland that has both neural and endocrine functions:
Please name 6 other tissues and organs that produce hormones:
Please name 3 types of chemical messengers. Are all 3 considered part of the endocrine system?
What are the 2 main classes of hormones? Please name hormones found in each class:
All steroid hormones are synthesized from _________________________.
Please list 6 Mechanisms of Hormone Action:
Please list 3 Features for the Mechanisms of Water Soluble Hormones:
Please list one Water Soluble Hormone that does not have these features:
Please list 1 feature for the Mechanism of Steroid Hormones.
Please list the 5 steps for cAMP Signaling Mechanism on the Figure below (see next page):
Please list 3 additional Features of the cAMP Signaling Mechanim:
Please describe 6 Steps of the PIP2 –Calcium Release 2nd Messenger System:
Please name one hormone that uses the PIP2 –Calcium Release 2nd Messenger System:
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_____________________ hormones and ________________________ hormone use intracellular
receptors and direct _______________ activation.
Please describe this process in the figure below:
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What are 3 ways that two hormones can interact? (Slide # 40)
What feedback mechanism controls hormone levels in the blood?
Hormones are synthesized and released in response to what 3 types of Stimuli?
Please Label the Figure showing the Relationship of the Posterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus:
Please Label the Figure showing the Relationship between the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus:
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What are 2 hormones released by the Posterior Pituitary?
What are 6 Protein hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary? Which 4 are Topic Hormones?
Most effects of Growth Hormone are ______________________ by _____________________________.
The two hormones that control release of Growth Hormone, _____________________________ and
___________________________ are released by the ___________________________.
Please name 3 conditions associated with Growth Hormone imbalance:
Please describe the major function of Thyrotropin (TSH), Corticotropin (ACTH), Gonadotropins (FSH
and LH), and Prolactin:
Which 2 Hormones are Stored and Released by the Posterior Pituitary? Which 2nd messenger system do
these use at their target sites?
What are 4 possible effects of Oxytocin, depending on conditions?
When is ADH released and what is the effect of such release?
Alcohol ___________________ ADH release and causes ______________ urine output.
What is hypersecretion of ADH called?
Chapter 16 Part 2
The Thyroid consists of two lateral lobes connected by a median mass called the __________________.
Internally, the Thyroid has follicles that store ________________. Folliclule cells produce the
glycoprotein __________________. Colloid (thyroglobulin + iodine) fills the lumen of the follicles and
is the ____________________ of thyroid hormone.
Parafollicular cells produce the hormone
_____________________.
Thyroid hormone is actually Actually two related compounds: _________ or ___________________ has
2 tyrosine molecules + 4 bound iodine atoms, and _________ or _____________________________ has
2 tyrosines + 3 bound iodine atoms.
__________
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is the major hormone secreted by the Thryoid; _____________ is transported through the
blood and converted to __________ at the target cells.
Thyroid is a major metabolic hormone that affects ________________________.
Similar to steroids, TH enters the cell, binds to __________________ receptors within the
________________ and initiates _____________________ for protein synthesis.
Thyroid hormone turns on transcription of genes concerned with ___________________________.
The result is an increase in the cell’s ________________________ and ______________________
(calorigenic effect).
Please name 4 Functions in which Thyroid Hormone plays a Role:
Please Label the Figure showing the Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone Below:
Rising TH levels provide ________________________ inhibition on release of TSH. Hypothalamic
____________________________________ (TRH) can overcome the negative feedback during
_________________________ or _____________________________.
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Please describe 3 conditions that represent homeostatic imbalances of TH:
__________________________ is due to ________ of iodine, and __________________________ is a
symptom of GD.
The effect of ________________________ is antagonistic to that of parathyroid hormone (PTH); it
_________________ osteoclast activity and ________________ release of Ca2+ from bone matrix.
_______________ levels of calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration in the blood stimulate Calcitonin release
Calcitonin induces Ca2+ ______________and __________________ into bone matrix.
How many parathyroid glands are found in the body?
Which cells secrete Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
PTH is the ______________________ hormone in Calcium (Ca2+) ion ____________________.
_______________ Ca2+ in the blood inhibits PTH release, yet another example of
________________________ control.
__________________________ due to tumor causes bones to _____________ and _________________.
___________________________ following gland trauma or removal results in tetany, respiratory
paralysis, and death.
Structurally and functionally, the _________________ gland is two glands in one. The adrenal medulla is
___________________ tissue that is part of the _____________________ nervous system. The adrenal
cortex has three layers of ______________________ tissue that synthesize and secrete
_____________________________.
Please name the three corticosteroids produced by the Adrenal Cortex.
Mineralocorticoids regulate ___________________ primarily _________ and ____________ in the
extracellular fluid (ECF). _________________________ is the most important mineralocorticoid that
stimulates Na+ _______________________ and water ___________________ by the kidneys to
_______________ blood pressure and blood volume.
Please describe 4 Mechanisms of Aldosterone Secretion:
____________________________ is hypersecretion of aldosterone due to adrenal tumors.
Glucocorticoids keep blood sugar levels relatively constant and maintain blood pressure by increasing the
action of ________________________.
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____________________ is the most important glucocorticoid that is released in response to
______________, _______________________________ and _______________________.
Cortisol’s prime metabolic effect is ___________________ or formation of ______________________
from fats and proteins, and it promotes a rise in blood ___________________________________.
Hypersecretion of Cortisol called _________________________________ has these 4 major effects:
Hyposecretion of Cortisol called _____________________________ which also involves a deficit of
____________________________ has these 4 major effects:
Most _________________________ are androgens (male sex hormones) that are converted to
_______________________ in tissue cells or _______________________ in females. Androgens may
contribute to which 3 things?
_____________________ cells of the Adrenal Medulla secrete _______________________ and
__________________ as part of the sympathetic nervous system response.
What are 3 sympathetic effects of Epinepherine?
______________________ secreted from pineal gland may affect which 3 things?
The Pancreas has both ______________________ and ______________________ cells.
Pancreatic islets (islets of ____________________) contain which endocrine cells? What do these cells
produce and what is their effect?
The major target of Glucagon is the ______________________. What are 2 processes caused by
Glucagon and what is their Result?
What are 4 Effects of Insulin?
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Please describe the actions of Insulin in the Cell:
Please Label the Homeostatic Mechanism between Insulin and Glucagon below:
Please name 2 homeostatic imbalances of Insulin:
What are the 3 Cardinal Signs of Diabetes Mellitus?
The Placenta secretes what hormone?
Please name 12 Hormones (and their source) described in “Other Hormone Producing Structures”:
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