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Transcript
Lecture 15 - The Endocrine Organs I. Endocrine Overview: Functions and Organs A. General Functions 1. hormones 2. glands 3. hormones metabolism of - messengers transported via blood/lymph structures that produce/release hormones cause short to long lasting changes in target cells with receptors for them B. Endocrine Organs 1. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, pancreas, gonads (ovaries & testes) 2. hypothalamus - master regulator of endocrine glands 3. stomach, small intestine, kidneys, heart, placenta II. Pituitary Gland (hypophysis) A. Location, Structure and Hormones 1. sits on sella turcica of the sphenoid bone 2. infundibulum - connection to hypothalamus (superior) 3. posterior lobe - neurohypophysis (neural tissue) a. oxytocin b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 4. anterior lobe - adenohypophysis (glandular tissue) a. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) b. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) c. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) d. luteinizing hormone (LH) e. growth hormone (GH) f. prolactin (PRL) 5. hypophyseal portal system - capillaries that carry INHIBITORY and RELEASING hormones from hypothalamus III. Thyroid Gland A. Location, Structure and Hormones 1. anterior neck region, overlying the trachea 2. two lateral lobes connected by the isthmus a. thyroid hormone (TH) - regulates rate of metabolism; Iodine key part of hormone b. calcitonin - lowers Ca++ in blood serum IV. Adrenal Glands (suprarenal glands) A. Location, Structure and Hormones 1. rests just over the kidneys cushioned in fat 2. adrenal medulla - part of sympathetic n. s. a. epinephrine (adrenaline) - fight/flight b. norepinephrine (noradren.) - fight/flight 3. adrenal cortex - surrounding the medulla a. aldosterone - salt balance regulation b. cortisol - response to stress (injury) c. gonadocorticoids - sex hormones (small amount) V. Pancreas A. Location, Structure and Hormones 1. rests just behind superior border of stomach 2. alpha cells - glucagon: triggers glucose release 3. beta cells - insulin: triggers glucose uptake VI. The Gonads (Ovaries and Testes) (more in Reproduction) A. Hormones 1. ovaries - estrogen and progesterone 2. testes - testosterone VII. Pineal Gland A. Location and Hormones 1. nut-shaped structure; hangs from roof of Ventricle 3 a. melatonin - regulates circadian (daily) rhythms VIII. Thymus Gland A. Location and Function 1. 2. 3. 4. deep to the sternum; difficult to dissect diminishes in size from birth to adulthood thymopoietin - regulates immune cell development maturation site of T-cells of the immune system