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INDIA @ COP 22 Technology Needs Assessment Under National Action Plan On Climate Change (NAPCC) Dr. Nisha Mendiratta Director & Associate Head(SPLICE), DST Strategic Programmes, Large Initiatives and Coordinated Action Enabler(SPLICE) & Climate Change Programme (CCP) Department of Science & Technology(DST), GOI, New Delhi, India Conference of Parties (COP 22), Morocco, 12 November 2016 www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Contents • Agreements on Technology • Indian Perspective • Need for Technology in India for Climate Change Mitigation and India’s position • Current Ministry Initiatives • Need for Technology Transfer and Global Partnerships www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org "If the world helps me with technology, helps me with resources I will be the very first person to switch over to clean energy completely.” Prime Minister Narendra Modi in an interview to David Letterman. 2016 www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Addressing climate change Global Climate Change: change in mean global temperature, changes in regional temperature, rainfall, pressure, circulation, etc. Mitigation: reduce emissions, reducing magnitude of CC Greenhouse gas emissions Climate change impacts Adaptation: reduce vulnerability to CC impacts, reduce losses Adaptation and mitigation are complementary strategies • A challenge for policy makers: – How to adapt to climate change (Adaptation) – How to make a transition to a low carbon growth path (Mitigation) www.justclimateaction.org www.indiaatcop22.org INDIA @ COP 22 The Paris Agreement • The Paris Agreement provides a long-term vision for developing new technologies and enabling the transfer of these technologies from the developed to the developing world in order to help nations mitigate and adapt to climate change. • Mission Innovation was announced on November 30, 2015 by the leaders of 20 countries that have a shared desire to accelerate global clean energy innovation. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Global Clean Energy Innovation • At the launch, 20 countries committed to double their respective clean energy research and development over the five years to 2020. • Several example technologies were mentioned at the launch of the initiative: biofuel, carbon capture and storage, airborne wind turbines, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. • Potential of liquid hydrocarbons being produced from sunlight via artificial photosynthesis (solar fuel) by 2025 was highlighted. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org Strategies INDIA @ COP 22 Mid Century Strategies • Formulating and making available mid-century strategies for the transition to low-carbon economies, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal. • To “send a loud and clear signal to citizens and the private sector that the transformation of the global economy is inevitable, beneficial and already underway”. long-term pathways • Long-term pathways as demonstrated by the Deep Decarbonization Pathway Project are indispensable for ensuring that short-term actions are consistent with the transformations required to achieve deep decarbonisation by mid-century. • To support stakeholder engagement with business, civil society, and other actors in each country. At the international level, they can help identify areas of cooperation, notably on R&D, and build trust in other countries’ commitments to reduce emissions. Such pathways can help strengthen the ambition of country contributions to climate action over time. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org The Indian Perspective INDIA @ COP 22 • Fastest growing major economy in the world • India is one of the most vulnerable nations to impacts of climate change • Large sections of the population still below poverty line while home to some of the richest in the world (wide disparity) • Per capita energy consumption is 20% of world average. 4% of USA and 28% of China • Emissions from energy sector projected to grow by 85% by 2030 (Business as usual)[TERI] www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org NDC and India’s Position INDIA @ COP 22 • Paris Agreement ensures implementaiton of the convention – a key demand of India • “Common but differentiated responsibilities” key phrase & INDC • Despite rapid renewable energy expansion plans, coal would probably remain mainstay of energy www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Role of Technology in Mitigation • Technology is one of the main determinants of economic development and will continue to drive growth in India • Technology is crucial to ensure that economic development and emissions are decoupled. This is already happening in most mature economies and India is likely to follow suit • India has to (and is choosing) low carbon technological pathways to further its economic development. Ex: Mass transportation, Clean Energy, Sustainable Agriculture, etc. • Appropriate structural changes are expected in all realms of economic development. These technologies are likely to adopt low carbon pathways www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org India’s INDC Commitments • • • • • INDIA @ COP 22 Clean Energy Deployment – 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022 Emission Intensity Reduction – 33-35% of 2005 baseline by 2030 Creating Carbon Sink (Afforestation Programs – 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 Climate Adaptation – Enhanced investment in various sectors for climate adaptation (example: Disaster relief) Capacity Building – Foster joint collaborative work in R&D for climate technology www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Potential of Renewable Energy to Mitigate CO2 emissions from Power Generation in 2022 Non-renewable sources of energy: • 71% of the total electricity of 905 TWh is generated by coal • Gas and lignite contribute 6% and 3% respectively, • Naptha, oil and diesel together contribute less than 2% • Large hydro’s share is 14% Other renewables - solar, wind and biomass together generated 18.45 TWh of energy accounting for 2% of the total electricity generated. Assuming continuation of current trends, India would need to generate 1347 TWh of electricity by 2022 www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 India’s Response to Climate Change: NAPCC • National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC) - To fulfill India’s vision of sustainable development in the context of climate change, the Prime Minister’s Council (PMC) has launched the NAPCC during September 2009. • The National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) lays the pathway for a directional shift in India’s response to climate change. • It houses eight core missions on the basis of which a low-carbon Indian economy is being built. • Implementation: Ministries with lead responsibility for each of the missions www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org Eight National Missions on Climate Change National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 NATIONAL MISSION’S • Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission To establish India as a global leader in solar energy, by creating the policy conditions for its diffusion across the country as quickly as possible. • National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency To achieve growth with ecological sustainability by devising cost effective and energy efficient strategies for end-use demand side management. • National Mission on Sustainable Habitat To promote sustainability of habitats though improvements in energy efficiency in buildings, urban planning, improved management of solid and liquid waste including recycling and power generation, modal shift towards public transport and conservation. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 IV: Current Ministry Initiatives • National Solar Mission has increased solar energy targets to 100 GW by 2022 (from 20 GW) – India is one of the fastest growing solar markets in the world • UJALA Program is the world’s largest energy efficiency program for LED light distribution – 1.7 billion LED lights distributed at record prices www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 IV: Current Ministry Initiatives • UDAY scheme aims address the discoms – laying foundation for growth towards a climate friendly “smart grid” • Smart City Program launched to make 20 cities in India “Smart” – adequate water, energy, waste management, public transportation, etc. • Swach Bharat Abhyan (Clean India Mission)– waste to energy and clean environment ex: Clean Ganga mission www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change • NMSKCC as a mission To address the needs for such strategic selection of knowledge that enables developmental agenda of the country while complying with global responsibilities for adaptation and mitigation of climate change To significantly strengthen the current national capacity to assess, evaluate and advise on the selection of technologies for development after due consideration of climate change potentials and consequences www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org Technology Needs to Address Climate Change INDIA @ COP 22 • To identify, assess and prioritize technologies that helps in GHG reduction; reduce impact of climate change and associated vulnerabilities • Key sectors identified are: agriculture, forestry, water, urban planning and infrastructure, tourism, disaster risk, coastal resources, cement • TNA will help prioritized technology requirement within the overall framework for sustainable development as envisaged under NAPCC • For each identified sectors, technologies to be prioritized against a set of criteria: – Co-benefits; vulnerability reduction potential; mitigation/ GHG reduction potential; effectiveness; scalability; cost-benefit analysis; environmental sustainability and social acceptability www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org NMSKCC: Global Technology INDIA @ COP 22 Watch Groups To keep pace with the state-of-the-art technologies emerging globally in the key sectors of economy, the NMSKCC proposes to set up Global Technology Watch Groups (GTWGs) to help accomplish the task of technology Selection, Prioritization and Ranking in some key Strategic areas 2 GTWGs have been set up- one each on Advance Clean Coal Technology and Solar and other Renewable Energy 6 more GTWGs are being established this year- Green Forest, Sustainable Habitat, Water, Sustainable Agriculture, Energy efficiency and Manufacturing www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Global Technology Watch Groups (GTWG) • GTWG on Advanced Coal Technologies for Power Generation The objective of this GTWG is to identify, assess and put together advanced coal technologies which enable power generation at high efficiency using high ash Indian coal. • GTWG on Renewable Energy for electric power generation via various energy sources currently and for the year 2022. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org Solar Energy Research Initiative (SERI) • Develop research capacity and capability to drive the cost of delivered solar energy from the current levels through Research led technology Innovations Promoting pre-competitive translational research Basic research led disruptive innovations Human and Institutional capacity development. • Leveraging bilateral and multilateral collaboration for addressing prevalent solar energy system challenges. www.indiaatcop22.org 25 www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Solar Energy Research initiative 256 kW Solar Thermal Technology Demonstration project at Shive Village, Pune (Thermax ) Development of 19% efficiency large area silicon solar cell (BHEL) Linear Fresnel Reflector based solar thermal steam generating system with the MED system ( KGDS, Coimbatore) Indigenous equipment for the cost-effective industrial production of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) based Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) ( HHV bangalore) www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 IV: Case Study: International Collaboration • International Solar Alliance – India leadership in forming alliance under UNFCCC – Low cost financing for solar technology – Solar applications for agricultural use • Indo-US Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Center – several programs such as PACE-D and PACE-R have achieved remarkable success in handholding and transferring knowledge to India on waste to energy and solar related policy, regulations, business models, etc. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 IV: Case Study: International Collaboration • Indo- German Clean Energy Forum has been actively working on: – Increasing efficiencies in coal plants – Demand side management – Green energy corridors • German Development Agency (GiZ) has been actively taking a role in fostering collaboration between German companies and India – a good example of technology partnership as opposed to technology sale www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Technology Transfer and Global Partnerships • Innovative and climate resilient technology Requirements • Large scale investment and supporting financing eco-system for technology Development • Technology transfer and capacity building crucial to India to ensure climate resilience • Technology partnerships are required both on the Government level, private companies and institutional partnerships. www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 Technology Partnership and Roadmap Three fundamental support structures for synergetic technology needs: Strong investment in research and development infrastructure and human capital (skills ) Research collaborations/partnerships,coordinated mechanism etc. Localization and adopting international technologies to the Indian context ( technology transfer, IPR issues and licensing) Leapfrogging technology dissemination for population at large A STRONG AND VIABLE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org www.justclimateaction.org WAY FORWARD Build a Technology Knowledge platform A Super highway for Information and data sharing and exchange for climate change agenda setting Build excellence through collaborative synergies and activities Make viable investment into all existing knowledge capacities of partners and build new capacities and partnerships for filling gaps www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org INDIA @ COP 22 THANK YOU [email protected] www.indiaatcop22.org www.justclimateaction.org