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INDIA @ COP 22
Technology Needs Assessment Under National Action Plan
On Climate Change (NAPCC)
Dr. Nisha Mendiratta
Director & Associate Head(SPLICE), DST
Strategic Programmes, Large Initiatives and Coordinated Action
Enabler(SPLICE) & Climate Change Programme (CCP)
Department of Science & Technology(DST), GOI, New Delhi, India
Conference of Parties (COP 22), Morocco, 12 November 2016
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Contents
• Agreements on Technology
• Indian Perspective
• Need for Technology in India for Climate Change
Mitigation and India’s position
• Current Ministry Initiatives
• Need for Technology Transfer and Global
Partnerships
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"If the world helps me
with technology, helps
me with resources I
will be the very first
person to switch over
to clean energy
completely.”
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in an
interview to David Letterman. 2016
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INDIA @ COP 22
Addressing climate change
Global Climate Change: change in mean global temperature,
changes in regional temperature, rainfall, pressure, circulation,
etc.
Mitigation:
reduce
emissions,
reducing
magnitude of
CC
Greenhouse gas
emissions
Climate change
impacts
Adaptation:
reduce
vulnerability
to CC
impacts,
reduce losses
Adaptation and mitigation are complementary strategies
• A challenge for policy makers:
– How to adapt to climate change (Adaptation)
– How to make a transition to a low carbon growth path (Mitigation)
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The Paris Agreement
• The Paris Agreement provides a long-term vision for
developing new technologies and enabling the transfer of
these technologies from the developed to the developing
world in order to help nations mitigate and adapt to climate
change.
• Mission Innovation was announced on November 30, 2015 by
the leaders of 20 countries that have a shared desire to
accelerate global clean energy innovation.
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Global Clean Energy Innovation
• At the launch, 20 countries committed to double their
respective clean energy research and development over the
five years to 2020.
• Several example technologies were mentioned at the launch
of the initiative: biofuel, carbon capture and storage, airborne
wind turbines, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
• Potential of liquid hydrocarbons being produced from sunlight
via artificial photosynthesis (solar fuel) by 2025 was
highlighted.
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Strategies
INDIA @ COP 22
Mid Century Strategies
• Formulating and making available mid-century strategies for the transition to low-carbon
economies, mindful of the below 2 degree C global temperature goal.
• To “send a loud and clear signal to citizens and the private sector that the transformation
of the global economy is inevitable, beneficial and already underway”.
long-term pathways
• Long-term pathways as demonstrated by the Deep Decarbonization Pathway Project are
indispensable for ensuring that short-term actions are consistent with the transformations
required to achieve deep decarbonisation by mid-century.
• To support stakeholder engagement with business, civil society, and other actors in each
country. At the international level, they can help identify areas of cooperation, notably on
R&D, and build trust in other countries’ commitments to reduce emissions. Such
pathways can help strengthen the ambition of country contributions to climate action over
time.
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The Indian Perspective
INDIA @ COP 22
• Fastest growing major economy in the world
• India is one of the most vulnerable nations to impacts of
climate change
• Large sections of the population still below poverty line while
home to some of the richest in the world (wide disparity)
• Per capita energy consumption is 20% of world average. 4% of
USA and 28% of China
• Emissions from energy sector projected to grow by 85% by 2030
(Business as usual)[TERI]
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NDC and India’s Position
INDIA @ COP 22
• Paris Agreement ensures implementaiton of the convention – a
key demand of India
• “Common but differentiated responsibilities” key phrase &
INDC
• Despite rapid renewable energy expansion plans, coal would
probably remain mainstay of energy
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Role of Technology in Mitigation
• Technology is one of the main determinants of economic development and
will continue to drive growth in India
• Technology is crucial to ensure that economic development and emissions
are decoupled. This is already happening in most mature economies and
India is likely to follow suit
• India has to (and is choosing) low carbon technological pathways to further
its economic development. Ex: Mass transportation, Clean Energy,
Sustainable Agriculture, etc.
• Appropriate structural changes are expected in all realms of economic
development. These technologies are likely to adopt low carbon pathways
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India’s INDC Commitments
•
•
•
•
•
INDIA @ COP 22
Clean Energy Deployment
–
175 GW of renewable energy by 2022
Emission Intensity Reduction
–
33-35% of 2005 baseline by 2030
Creating Carbon Sink (Afforestation Programs
–
2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2
Climate Adaptation
–
Enhanced investment in various sectors for
climate adaptation (example: Disaster relief)
Capacity Building
–
Foster joint collaborative work in R&D for
climate technology
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Potential of Renewable Energy to Mitigate CO2
emissions from Power Generation in 2022
Non-renewable sources of energy:
• 71% of the total electricity of 905 TWh is generated by coal
• Gas and lignite contribute 6% and 3% respectively,
• Naptha, oil and diesel together contribute less than 2%
• Large hydro’s share is 14%
Other renewables - solar, wind and biomass together generated
18.45 TWh of energy accounting for 2% of the total electricity
generated. Assuming continuation of current trends, India would
need to generate 1347 TWh of electricity by 2022
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INDIA @ COP 22
India’s Response to Climate Change: NAPCC
• National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC) - To fulfill India’s
vision of sustainable development in the context of climate change,
the Prime Minister’s Council (PMC) has launched the NAPCC during
September 2009.
• The National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) lays the
pathway for a directional shift in India’s response to climate change.
• It houses eight core missions on the basis of which a low-carbon
Indian economy is being built.
• Implementation: Ministries with lead responsibility for each of the
missions
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Eight National Missions
on Climate Change
National Solar Mission
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system
National Mission for a Green India
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate
Change
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INDIA @ COP 22
NATIONAL MISSION’S
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
To establish India as a global leader in solar energy, by creating the policy
conditions for its diffusion across the country as quickly as possible.
• National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency
To achieve growth with ecological sustainability by devising cost effective and
energy efficient strategies for end-use demand side management.
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
To promote sustainability of habitats though improvements in energy
efficiency in buildings, urban planning, improved management of solid and
liquid waste including recycling and power generation, modal shift towards
public transport and conservation.
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IV: Current Ministry Initiatives
• National Solar Mission has increased
solar energy targets to 100 GW by 2022
(from 20 GW) – India is one of the
fastest growing solar markets in the
world
• UJALA Program is the world’s largest
energy efficiency program for LED light
distribution – 1.7 billion LED lights
distributed at record prices
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IV: Current Ministry Initiatives
• UDAY scheme aims address the discoms –
laying foundation for growth towards a climate
friendly “smart grid”
• Smart City Program launched to make 20 cities
in India “Smart” – adequate water, energy,
waste management, public transportation, etc.
• Swach Bharat Abhyan (Clean India Mission)–
waste to energy and clean environment ex:
Clean Ganga mission
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National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate
Change
• NMSKCC as a mission
To address the needs for such strategic selection of knowledge that
enables developmental agenda of the country while complying with
global responsibilities for adaptation and mitigation of climate
change
To significantly strengthen the current national capacity to assess,
evaluate and advise on the selection of technologies for
development after due consideration of climate change potentials
and consequences
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Technology Needs to Address Climate Change
INDIA @ COP 22
• To identify, assess and prioritize technologies that helps in
GHG reduction; reduce impact of climate change and
associated vulnerabilities
• Key sectors identified are: agriculture, forestry, water, urban
planning and infrastructure, tourism, disaster risk, coastal
resources, cement
• TNA will help prioritized technology requirement within the
overall framework for sustainable development as envisaged
under NAPCC
• For each identified sectors, technologies to be prioritized
against a set of criteria:
– Co-benefits; vulnerability reduction potential; mitigation/ GHG reduction
potential; effectiveness; scalability; cost-benefit analysis; environmental
sustainability and social acceptability
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NMSKCC: Global Technology
INDIA @ COP 22
Watch Groups
To keep pace with the state-of-the-art technologies emerging globally
in the key sectors of economy, the NMSKCC proposes to set up Global
Technology Watch Groups (GTWGs) to help accomplish the task of
technology Selection, Prioritization and Ranking in some key
Strategic areas
2 GTWGs have been set up- one each on Advance Clean Coal
Technology and Solar and other Renewable Energy
6 more GTWGs are being established this year- Green Forest,
Sustainable Habitat, Water, Sustainable Agriculture, Energy
efficiency and Manufacturing
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Global Technology Watch Groups (GTWG)
• GTWG on Advanced Coal Technologies for Power Generation
The objective of this GTWG is to identify, assess and put
together advanced coal technologies which enable power
generation at high efficiency using high ash Indian coal.
• GTWG on Renewable Energy for electric power generation via
various energy sources currently and for the year 2022.
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Solar Energy Research Initiative (SERI)
• Develop research capacity and capability to drive
the cost of delivered solar energy from the current
levels through




Research led technology Innovations
Promoting pre-competitive translational research
Basic research led disruptive innovations
Human and Institutional capacity development.
• Leveraging bilateral and multilateral collaboration
for addressing prevalent solar energy system
challenges.
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25
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INDIA @ COP 22
Solar Energy Research initiative
256 kW Solar Thermal
Technology Demonstration
project at Shive Village, Pune
(Thermax )
Development of 19% efficiency large area
silicon solar cell (BHEL)
Linear Fresnel Reflector based solar thermal
steam generating system with the MED system
( KGDS, Coimbatore)
Indigenous equipment for the cost-effective industrial
production of Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) based
Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) ( HHV bangalore)
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IV: Case Study: International Collaboration
• International Solar Alliance – India
leadership in forming alliance under UNFCCC
– Low cost financing for solar technology
– Solar applications for agricultural use
• Indo-US Joint Clean Energy Research and
Development Center – several programs
such as PACE-D and PACE-R have achieved
remarkable success in handholding and
transferring knowledge to India on waste to
energy and solar related policy, regulations,
business models, etc.
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INDIA @ COP 22
IV: Case Study: International Collaboration
• Indo- German Clean Energy Forum has
been actively working on:
– Increasing efficiencies in coal plants
– Demand side management
– Green energy corridors
• German Development Agency (GiZ) has
been actively taking a role in fostering
collaboration between German
companies and India – a good example of
technology partnership as opposed to
technology sale
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Technology Transfer and Global Partnerships
• Innovative and climate resilient technology Requirements
• Large scale investment and supporting financing eco-system
for technology Development
• Technology transfer and capacity building crucial to India to
ensure climate resilience
• Technology partnerships are required both on the
Government level, private companies and institutional
partnerships.
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Technology Partnership and Roadmap
Three fundamental support structures for synergetic technology needs:
Strong investment in research and development infrastructure and human capital
(skills )
Research collaborations/partnerships,coordinated mechanism etc.
 Localization and adopting international technologies to the Indian context (
technology transfer, IPR issues and licensing)
Leapfrogging technology dissemination for population at large
A STRONG AND VIABLE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP
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WAY FORWARD
Build a Technology Knowledge platform
A Super highway for Information and data
sharing and exchange for climate change
agenda setting
Build excellence through collaborative
synergies and activities
Make viable investment into all existing
knowledge capacities of partners and build
new capacities and partnerships for filling
gaps
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INDIA @ COP 22
THANK YOU
[email protected]
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