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Transcript
TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE Tuesday 22nd September 2009 Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) M A L D I V E S Going Carbon Neutral Tourism and Climate Change Royal Geographic Society with IGB Tuesday 22 September 2009 The Maldives • Population: 385,000 (2008 est.) • 1,190 islands – 197 inhabited • Area: 298 sq. km ( > 99% sea) • Tourism & Fishery main industries • GDP per capita ‐ approx. US$ 3000 Capital Male’ • Area: 2 sq. km • Population: 120,000 • Majority of islands have less than 2,000 • Industrial and financial hub • Protected by seawall • Most populated capital in the world Tourism • Began in 1970 2 resorts 280 beds 1097 visitors • Update 2009 91 resorts 19,860 beds 680,000 visitors • 19% GDP 70% foreign exchange • Main markets Europe / Asia Critical Issues • Average elevation 1.5 m above sea level • Flooding reported in many islands • Coastal / beach erosion • Fresh water shortages • Maldives contributes less than 0.001% to GHG emissions IPCC projects sea level rise of up to 0.88m by 2100 Will submerge the Maldives Critical Issues & Innovative Solutions • Protecting the shoreline and the beaches can be expensive • Waste management a key problem • Lack of green energy initiatives (Sonevafushi is green – leading by example) • New design concepts – stand alone bungalows on stilts • Eco‐friendly tourism on demand • Investor confidence still high as Maldives remains at the top (but for how long?) The El Niño of 1997 caused severe coral bleaching Coral bleaching as a result of rising temperatures Frequent flooding cause devastation Floods have become frequent in the Maldives Severe beach erosion in islands Adaptation is costly / requires constant maintenance Seawall around capital Male’ was a gift from Japan costing 60million US$. It protected the capital from devastation in Tsunami 2004 Maldives ‘Climate Change’ Strategy Capacity development Driving forward international agreements on climate change Technology transfer Funding Mitigation Actions in the Maldives (e.g. carbon neutral) Adaptation Actions in the Maldives (e.g. coastal protection). Maldives ‘Climate Change’ Strategy • Maldives aims to be Carbon Neutral within 10 years (President announced in March ’09) • On going focus on driving forward international commitments • National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) • Introducing renewable energy to the Maldives (Wind & Solar) • Cooperate with international research organisations (make the Maldives a hub for research in related areas) Summary • Climate Change is a real threat to the very existence of the Maldives • The Maldives needs international support and calls for global actions to combat Climate Change • International agreements and co‐ ordinated actions essential in the build up to the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009 • The Maldives aims to lead by example (carbon neutral within the next 10 years) Together we can save the world. Thank You! Presented by Mr. Ahmed Moosa Envoy for Science and Technology Government of the Maldives TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE Tuesday 22nd September 2009 Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Ayubowan !! May you be blessed with long life!! Tourism & Climate Change Sanjika Perera Director – UK & Ireland Sri Lanka Tourism [email protected] Sri Lanka • • • • • • • • 65,000SQKM in size (size of Ireland) Population of Approx 20 Million Previously known as Thambapanni, Taprobane, Serendib, and more recently Ceylon Nicknamed as the ‘The Pearl’ of the Indian Ocean 3000 year civilization intertwined with the Indian sub continent ,was Agriculture based with trade links to both Orient & the west. Has been under the colonial influence of the Portuguese, Dutch and the British for over 500 years A multi ethnic, multi religious society 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Sinharaja Rain Forest being one) Sri Lanka – Climate & Biodiversity 9 Tropical Climate broadly divided in to 2 zones Wet zone (14C – 25C) & Dry Zone (27C – 32C) with high Humidity and a spectrum of Ecological Zones such as low country dry zone, low country wet zone, central hill zone, Arid Zones 9 Different part of the Island experience 2 different Monsoons. (SW & NE monsoons) 9 Central Hills with cooler climate and source / water basin of all the main rivers in the country. 9 Has over 45% green cover and 30% forest cover 9 Diverse Ecosystems – Shrub land, Grass & Savanna, wetlands, riverine forests, Mangroves & tropical rain forests 9 Over 3,300 plants, 80 mammals, 480 birds, 66 amphibian, 180 reptiles, 240 butterflies Climate Change – Impact on Sri Lanka Macro Impact – Rise in Sea Levels ''A major part of Jaffna and other northern areas (of Sri Lanka) will be submerged when the sea‐level rises. So people are fighting and dying over areas that may soon not be there,'' Prof. Mohan Munasinghe, vice‐chairman of the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) – Change in weather patterns • The unpredictable monsoon period & rain fall levels affecting agriculture, tourism etc. • Variation in temperature affecting habitats Climate Change Risk Maplecroft Climate Change Risk Report 2009/2010 Climate Change – Impact on Sri Lanka Micro Impact ¾Deforestation ¾Urbanization & Congestion ¾Environmental Pollution (Air, water & landfill) ¾Access to resources ¾Increase in Costs Recent Developments.. ¾A strong environment movement ¾Pollution associated with poverty, but a will to change among policy makers ¾Our Tourism industry is dependent on a Nature, Culture, Adventure product base ¾Support from global tourism community ¾Alliance of scientific community and tourism ¾Nobel Peace Prize (ICCC) Vice Chair and Global Ozone Prize 2007 Sri Lanka’s response Awareness Building ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Reduction of Carbon Footprint Propagation of Sustainable Practices Tourism industry lead the way by reducing the carbon foot print of all the hotels Sri Lankan Airlines introduced low carbon emission flights Hotel Ranweli “Ecotourism Programme” RTP “Trees for Life” programme with Galle Conservation Society John Keells Hotels Energy Management System “Ruk Rakegannao” (Guardians of Trees) Plant Nurseries Programme Rain Forest Rescue’s Analogue Forestry Programme Various Mini‐Hydro, Solar / Wind Power & Bio‐gas generation projects Schools Environmental Brigade / ‘Clean Sri Lanka’ Campaign Ceylon Chamber of Commerce’s support for energy saving initiatives under the Global Compact Programme ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Carbon Offsetting / Trading Several coastal greening projects undertaken by NGOs/INGOs and individuals after the tsunami Rotary Sri Lanka’s “Green Cover with Ten Million Trees” initiative Heritance Kandalama Hotel’s “Triple Bottom Line” Initiative Hotel Sigiriya “Carbon Footprint Measurement and Conservation” initiative Jetwing Hotels J.E.E.P initiative Apparel Industry’s ‘Green Garments’ Programme; MAS & Brandix / Marks and Spencer Green Factory Initiative Cargills (Super Market Chain) “Going Green” project Examples of Action …. Rotary ‘Green Cover’ 10 million Trees Programme Rainforest Rescue Initiatives Jetwing Eternal Earth Programme Sri Lanka’s response •Awareness Building “Towards a Carbon Clean Sri Lanka; A Tourism Earth Lung” Today a global community… Case Study – Hotel Sigiriya Evolution of the Process Rapidly rising energy costs Loss of market share Lessons Learned 9‘Bottom line’( financial) impact 9Small incremental changes Diminishing margins Need to rere-position 9Does not have to be ‘high tech’ 9Appropriate technology Implementation of energy conservation measures 9Commitment New value proposition 9Bottom up/training/awareness 9Analytical / methodical approach 9Sometimes costly Financial benefits Introduction of environmentenvironment- friendly initiatives Mitigation of carbon emissions 9Before/after scenarios 9Small victories 9Spin off PR and goodwill 9A marketing tool Case Study of Community / Stakeholder Partnership “Trees For Life” Hiyare, Sri Lanka What is “Trees for Life”? ¾ Wildlife conservation area of 600 acre rainforest bordering a reservoir. ¾ Located 25 minutes from Galle. ¾ Owned by Galle Municipality & managed by RTP & the WCS Galle. ¾ Partially funded since 2007 by the Travel Foundation. ¾ 2006 & 2007 ‐ Tsunami relief. ¾ 2008 onwards – Reforestation project incl free plant distribution. ¾ Tree planting, education and nature trails. ¾ Animal rescue. ¾ Carbon recovery. ¾ Reservoir boat trips. Trees for Life Hotels involved 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Jetwing Beach Jetwing Tropical Villas Blue Oceanic Beach Hotel Neptune Hotel Jetwing Seashells Riverina Hotel Jetwing Ayurveda Pavilion Palm Garden Hotel Browns Beach Hotel Eden hotel Cinnamon Grand Hotel Jetwing St. Andrew’s Cinnamon Lakeside The Tea Factory Hotel Jetwing Hunas Falls Heritance Ahungalla Earls Regency 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Chaaya Citadel Chaaya Village Jetwing Vil Uyana Heritance Kandalama Ramada Resort Bentota Beach Hotel Mermaid Hotel & Club Saman Villas Bandarawela Hotel Hotel Club Oceanic Coral Gardens Hotel Yala Village Hotel Jetwing Lighthouse Hotel & Spa Siddhalepa Ayurveda Health Resort Challenges Is the emphasis on Climate Change a fad or a fashion or way of life? Is it Niche or mass market? Is the consumer willing to pay a premium? Is it a profitable? Is it Sustainable? Ayubowan !! May you be blessed with long life !! TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE Tuesday 22nd September 2009 Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)
