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Cell
Cell Theory
Unicellular
Multi-cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organelle
Cell Wall
Cytoskeleton
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
The basic units of structure
and function in living things.
They form parts of organisms
and carry out processes or
functions.
States that all living things are
composed of cells, cells are
the basic units of structure and
function of living things.
A single cell.
Many cells- cells are often
organized into tissues, organs,
then organ systems.
Group of similar cells that work
together to perform a certain
function.
Group of organs that work
together to perform a major
function.
Group of organs that work
together to perform a major
function.
Carries out specific functions
of the cell.
Helps protect and support the
cell. Animal cells do not have a
cell while plant cells do.
A protein “framework” inside a
cell that gives the cell a shape.
The outside boundary that
separates the cell from its
environment. It controls what
substances go in and out of
the cell.
The cell’s control center. It
directs all of the cells activities.
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi Body
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Lysome
Element
Compound
It is large oval and purple.
In the cytoplasm there are
many organelles like
mitochondria, the endoplasmic
reticulum ribosomes, golgi
bodies, and chloroplasts.
The power houses of the cell.
They convert food into energy.
This carries materials
throughout the cell.
These float in the cytoplasm.
They make proteins. They
have grainlike bodies.
These look like flattened sacs
and tubes. They release
materials out of the cell. They
receive new materials from the
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Captures energy from sunlight
to produce food, makes leaves
green, and these are only in
plant cells.
Large water filled sac floating
in the cytoplasm. It is the
storage area for cells.
Small round structures that
contain chemicals that break
down large food particles into
smaller ones.
Any kind of substance that
cannot be broken into simpler
substances.
When two or mare compounds
combine chemically.
An energy rich organic
compound made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrate
Protein
Amino acid
Enzyme
Lipid
Nucleic acid
DNA
RNA
A large organic molecule
mostly made of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
and in some cases sulfur.
Make up proteins. There are
only 20 common amino acids.
They can combine to form
1000s of different proteins.
Perform important functions in
chemical reactions that take
place in cells.
An energy rich organic
compound made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
Long organic molecules made
of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus.
They contain the instruction
cells need to perform the
functions of life.
One of the nucleic acids. The
genetic material that carries
information about an organism
and is passed from parent to
offspring.
Ribonucleic acid. It is found in
the cytoplasm and in the
nucleus. It plays an important
role in proteins.
Means something can pass
through something while
others cannot.
Selectively Permeable
Diffusion
Osmosis
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Pigment
The main method by which
small molecules move across
a cell membrane. The
molecules move from high
concentration to a low
concentration.
The diffusion of water
molecules through a
selectively permeable
membrane.
The movement of dissolved
materials through a cell
membrane without using
cellular energy.
Moves materials through a cell
membrane using cellular
energy.
The process by which a cell
captures energy in sunlight
and uses it to make food. All
living things do this directly or
indirectly.
An organism that makes its
own food.
An organism that cannot make
its own food.
Colored chemical compounds
that absorb light.
Chlorophyll
Stomata
Respiration
Fermentation
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Replication
Mitosis
Chromosome
The main photosynthetic
pigment in chloroplasts.
The small opening on the
underside of a leaf where
carbon dioxide can enter
through a plant.
The process by which cells
obtain energy from glucose.
Provides energy for the cells
without using oxygen
The regular sequence of
growth and division that cells
undergo.
The first stage of the cell cycle.
It is before cell division. During
this the cell grows, makes a
copy of DNA, and prepares to
divide into 2 cells.
When the cell makes an exact
copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
When one copy of DNA is
distributed into each of the two
daughter cells.
The thread like chromatin in
the nucleus that condenses to
form double red line
structures.
When the cytoplasm divides.
When the organelles are
distributed into each of the two
new cells.
Cytokenisis
Differentiation
The process by which cells
change in structure and
become capable of carrying
out specialized functions.
The cells that humans
produce. They can
differentiate through life.
Stem Cell
Heredity
Trait
Genetics
Fertilization
The passing of physical
characteristics from parents to
off spring.
Each different form of a
characteristic.
The scientific study of heredity.
The joining of a sperm and
egg.
Purebred
Gene
Alleles
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Hybrid
Probability
The offspring of many
generations that have the
same trait.
The factors that control a trait.
The different form of a gene.
One whose trait is always
visible in the organism when
the allele is present.
An allele that is masked when
a dominant allele is present.
An organism that has two
different alleles for a trait.
A number that describes how
likely it is that a certain event
will occur.
A chart that shows all the
possible combinations of
alleles that can result in a
genetic cross.
Punnet square
Phenotype
Genotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Codominance
Sexual
reproduction
Diploid
An organisms physical traits or
it visible traits.
An organisms genetic makeup
or allele combinations.
An organism that has two
identical alleles for a trait.
An organism that has two
different alleles for a trait.
A condition in which the
neither of the two alleles of a
gene is dominant or recessive.
When genetic materials from
two parents combines to form
a new organism.
A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes, one set from
each parent.
The process by which the
number of chromosome is
reduced by half to form sex
cells- sperm and eggs.
Meiosis
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Mutation
Multiple alleles
Sex chromosomes
Sex-linked
RNA that copies the coded
message from DNA in the
nucleus and carries the
message into the cytoplasm.
RNA in the cytoplasm that
carries an amino acid to the
ribosome and adds it to the
growing protein chain.
A change in gene or
chromosome.
Three or more form of a gene
that code for a single trait.
A pair of chromosome carrying
genes that determine whether
a person is a male of a female.
A gene that is carried on the X
or Y chromosome.
gene
Carrier
Genetic disorder
Pedigree
Karyotype
Selective
breeding
Inbreeding
A person who has one
recessive allele for a trait, but
does not have the trait.
An abnormal condition that a
person inherits through genes
or chromosomes.
A chart or “family tree” that
tracts which members of a
family have a particular trait.
A picture of all the
chromosome in a cell arranged
in pairs.
The process of selecting a few
organisms with desired trait to
serve as parents of the next
generation.
A selective breeding method in
which two individuals with
identical sets of alleles are
crossed.
An selective breeding method
in which two genetically
different individuals are
crossed.
Hybridization
Clone
Genetic engineering
Gene therapy
Genome
Endocrine System
An organism that is genetically
identical to the organism in
which it was produced.
The transfer of a gene from
the DNA of one organism into
another organism, in order to
produce an organism with
desired traits.
The insertion of working
copies of a gene into the cells
of a person with a genetic
disorder in attempt to correct
the disorder.
All of the DNA in one cell of an
organism.

Produces chemicals that
control many of the bodies
daily activities as well as
growth/development

Negative feedback, when a
particular hormone gets to
a specific level. The ES
stops the release of that
hormone.
Reproductive
=== eggs
=== sperm
system