Download EOC Review Packet #3 1. Injecting a person with a killed

EOC Review Packet #3
1. Injecting a person with a killed-bacteria vaccine can protect that individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria
A remain in the body, and live bacteria later prey on them instead of live tissues.
B bind with receptors in the body, so that live bacteria cannot bind with them later.
C stimulate the production of antibodies which can be manufactured later in response to infection.
D give the person a mild form of the disease, which conditions the body not to respond to later infection.
2. Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV
A are unable to fight off these pneumonia-causing organisms.
B are more often exposed to these pneumonia-causing organisms.
C release pheromones that attract the pneumonia-causing organisms.
D release substances that increase the strength of the pneumonia-causing organisms.
3. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
A. Neither responds to antibiotics.
B. Both respond to antibiotics.
C. Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.
D. Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not.
4. Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own?
A blue-green algae
B bacteria
C protozoans
D viruses
A student investigated the effectiveness of four different mouthwashes in destroying
bacteria. He inoculated the nutrient agar in four petri dishes with bacteria. Each of four
paper disks, 1 centimeter in diameter, was soaked in a different mouthwash sample and
placed on a different agar surface. Sterile procedures were used throughout the experiment.
Each petri dish was placed in an incubator at a temperature of 37°C for a 24-hour
period. The diagram below represents the sequence of events in this investigation. The
shaded areas in the petri dishes represent regions of bacterial growth.
5. Which petri dish contains the most effective mouthwash?
(E) A
(F) C
(G) B
6. What is missing from the experimental set up?
a. independent variable b. dependent variable
(H) D
c. control
d. manipulative variable
7. About 70 years ago, cane toads were introduced to Australia. The toads are toxic to some species of snakes, such as Dendrelaphis
punctulatus. The longer an individual snake is, the greater its chance of survival after eating a cane toad. Which of the following did
scientists most likely observe in the D. punctulatus snake population as a result of the presence of the cane toads?
A. The entire population was killed by the toads.
B. The entire population became resistant to the toads.
C. The average body length in the population increased.
D. The average body length in the population decreased.
Antibiotic resistance can vary within a population of bacteria. The diagram below represents the changes in a population of bacteria as
a result of exposure to an antibiotic over time.
8. The changes in the population are most likely the result of which of the following?
A. exponential growth
B. genetic crosses
C. immigration
D. natural selection
9. In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble one another. This
observation suggests that these animals may have
a. a similar number of chromosomes
c. the same blood components
b. similar habitat requirements
d. a common ancestry
10. Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed to future generations if they are
a. due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations
b. due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations
c. not due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations
d. not due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations
11. Geographic and reproductive isolation are most closely associated with
a. speciation
b. overproduction
c. extinction
d. competition
12. According to this information, which group demonstrated the greatest
biodiversity during the Cretaceous period?
a. dinosaurs
b. crocodilians
c. snakes
d. lizards
An inherited metabolic disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU) can result in serious
problems in infancy. The chance that two parents who are heterozygous will have
a child with PKU is 25%.
13. Which of the following terms best applies to the inheritance pattern for PKU?
A. codominant
B. dominant
C. recessive
D. sex-linked
14. The information in the table supports which conclusion?
a. Frogs are more closely related to monkeys than to sea anemones.
b. Frogs, monkeys, and sea anemones are classified into different kingdoms.
c. Sea anemones are more complex than frogs or monkeys.
d. Sea anemones and monkeys are adapted to similar environments.
Plants Use Chemical Warfare Against Insects
In a study, seeds of wild radishes were planted in three separate groups. When the
plants reached the four-leaf stage, a caterpillar known as the cabbage worm was
allowed to chew at least one leaf on each plant in group A. One leaf was trimmed from
each plant in group B. The leaves of group C were not treated in any way.
After being attacked by the cabbage worm, the plants in group A started making a sap
containing large amounts of mustard glycoside. This chemical is responsible for the hot
taste in horseradish. Insects find this chemical distasteful and tend to avoid it. Thus, it
serves as a natural defense for the plant. In addition, new leaves on the plants in group
A
had more spike-like hairs, another type of defense against insects. As the growing
season progressed, the plants in groups B and C, none of which had been chewed by
the cabbage worm, were heavily attacked by garden pests. The herbivorous insects avoided the plants in group A that had spicy sap
and spiky leaves. As a result of studies such as this, scientists are attempting to develop hormones that can be sprayed on crops to
stimulate them to produce their own defenses against insects. This could allow farmers to obtain high yields of crops without having to
use chemical pesticides, which would mean less harm to the environment.
15. The initial attack by insect herbivores is beneficial because
a. chemicals that protect the plant against early herbivores are produced and passed to offspring through sexual reproduction
b. the plants produce chemicals that protect them against herbivores that appear later
c. chemical pesticides are produced, which are used by humans to protect the plants against herbivores
d. spike-like hairs that attract predators of the early herbivores are produced
16. Later in the growing season, insects attacked the plants in
a. group A
b. group C, only c. group B, only d. groups B and C
The diagram below represents the banding pattern for human chromosome 11, with some of
bands labeled.
17. The bands represent
(1) proteins (3) starches (2) genes
(4) enzymes
18. Which mutation in a fruit fly could be passed on to its offspring?
(1) a mutation in a cell of an eye that changes the color of the eye
(2) a mutation in a leg cell that causes the leg to be shorter
(3) a mutation in a sperm cell that changes the shape of the wing
(4) a mutation in a cell of the digestive tract that produces a different enzyme
19. In humans, the gene for polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number of digits. If
parents who are both homozygous dominant for polydactyly have four children, how many of these children would most likely have
extra fingers or toes?
(1) 0
(3) 3
(2) 2
(4) 4
20. A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the
organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in the
(1) zygote
(2) placenta
(3) testes of the father
(4) ovaries of the mother
21. Which set of parents can most likely produce a child with type O blood?
A. one parent with type AB blood, and the other parent with type A blood
B. one parent with type AB blood, and the other parent with type O blood
C. one parent with heterozygous type A blood, and the other parent with type O blood
D. one parent with homozygous type A blood, and the other parent with homozygous type B blood
the
This diagram represents samples of DNA that were cut with a restriction enzyme during
DNA fingerprinting in a crime lab.
22. Which technique was used to produce these bands?
A. cloning
B. gel electrophoresis
C. gene splicing
D. genetic engineering
23. Which suspects DNA matches the crime scene DNA?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. none of them
24. A karyotype of a human female shows that she has only one sex
chromosome. Which genotype would represent her genetic condition?
A XO B XXX
C XY
D XYY
25. Which genetic abnormality can be identified through karyotyping?
A point mutation
B recessive allele
C number disorder
D sex-linked allele
26. A couple has five children, all with blood type A. The mother’s blood type is O, and the father’s blood type is A. Based on this
information, which describes the most probable genotype of the father?
A diploid
B haploid
C heterozygous
D homozygous
27. Huntington’s disease is a dominant trait. What are the chances that a child will develop Huntington’s disease if one parent is
heterozygous and the other is normal?
A. 0 out of 4
B. 1 out of 4
C. 2 out of 4
D. 3 out of 4
28. This diagram shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder