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Ecosystems
There are three types
of living organisms;
producers ,
consumers, and
decomposers.
Draw on even page
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=FuObvHwOHRM
BrainPop: Ecosystems and BrainPop: Energy Pyramid
1. How are ecosystems categorized?
•
Rainfall , soil, and sunlight
2. Define populations.
•
The total number of the same species in an ecosystem
3. Define habitat.
•
The place and conditions where an animal lives
4. What does an energy pyramid represent?
•
How energy moves through an ecosystem.
5. How are food webs and food chains different?
•
Food webs are a complex representation of the interactions of many organisms in an
ecosystem, whereas food chains are simple and only show the interaction of a couple
organisms.
6. How do producers get their food?
•
They make their food through photosynthesis.
7. Why does the amount of energy
decrease as it travels up the food chain?
•
•
Energy decreases as it moves up trophic
levels because more energy is used when
an organisms from one trophic level
consumes an organism from another level
instead of stored.
Less and less energy is store in each trophic
level because those organisms need the
energy to perform daily functions
8. Why are there less top predators in an
ecosystem than producers and
herbivores?
•
There is not enough energy at the top to
support a lot of top level predators.
11. Which organism(s) can be described as producers?
Trees and grasses
12. Which organism(s) can be described as heterotrophs?
Deer, rabbit, cricket, front, snake, mouse, hawk, and mountain lion
13. Which organism(s) can be described an omnivore?
Mouse
14. Which organism(s) can be described as a carnivore?
Frog, snake, hawk, mountain lion
15. How is a food web different from a food chain?
Food webs are a complex representation of the interactions of many organisms in an ecosystem, whereas food chains are
simple and only show the interaction of a couple organisms.
16. What is the initial source energy for all ecosystems?
Sun
17. How does energy move through an ecosystem?
As food
18. What are 5 types of abiotic factors? (page 456)
sun , soil, water, oxygen , fire
19. How are producers related to omnivores?
Omnivores eat producers
20. How are secondary consumers related to tertiary and primary consumers?
Secondary consumers eat primary consumers but are eaten by tertiary consumers
21. What tropic level eats only autotrophs?
Primary consumers because autotrophs are plants and primary consumers are herbivoures.
22. In the past, Native American Indians buried dead fish along with corn seeds. This technique was used because
the decomposing dead fish would give nutrients for the corn seeds to grow.
23. As the population of small fish in a lake decreases, the population of large fish that depend on the small fish for
food will decreae.
What two organisms show a primary consumer eating a producer?
The cricket eating the plant.
If the numbers of frogs increase what happens to the snake and cricket populations?
As the frogs increase the snake population will start to increase too because it will have
more to eat but the cricket population will decrease because there will be more frogs to eat
them.
If most of the plants dies during a summer drought what effect does this have on the food
chain?
The population of all the animals will decrease because producers are the base of an
ecosystem.
Important Concepts of Population Dynamics– define the
concepts below and if applicable give an example
1.
2.
3.
Autotrophs – make their food Ex: plants
Heterotrophs – eat other organisms Ex: animals
Mutualism – both animals benefit Ex: ants and aphides – ants protect the tree and the tree gives ants
food
4. Parasitism – one animal benefits and the other is harmed Ex: some mites live and feed on insects
5. Predator and prey – one organisms feeds on another organism
6. The food chain – flow of energy between organisms in an ecosystem
7. What is intraspecific competition? – organism of the same species compete for the same resources
8. Carrying Capacity – maximum number of organisms a habitat can support
9. What is interspecific competition? – organisms of different species compete for the same resources
10. What are population cycles. – populations of organisms rise and fall in patterns of booms and bust
Invasive Species : The Basics
Write the answers to the questions on an odd page in
your notebook.
1. What are the two requirements for a species to be invasive?
1. Invasive species have to be not native and cause harm.
2. Native = Living or growing naturally in a particular place or region;
indigenous.
2. How do invasive species effect the economy?
3. How do invasive species effect the ecosystems?
4. How do invasive species effect human health?
Lesson Launcher 1/30
1. If the pattern for feeding is that animals eat the level below theirs then what
level does a quarrterrary consumer feed on?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
2. The oysters do not harm the trees nor do they provide any benefit to the trees.
Which of the following relationships is most similar to the relationship between
the mangrove trees and the oysters?
A.
B.
C.
D.
African ants living in acacia trees feed on leaf-eating insects found on the tree.
Spider crabs are camouflaged by the green-brown algae growing on their shells.
A whale is unaffected by the attached remora fish feeding on the whale’s leftover food.
Bees fly from one flowering plant to another gathering nectar and pollinating the flowers.
3. The study of how living things interact is called?
A. Ecosystems
B. Abiotic factors
C. Ecology
5. A scientist who
studies the interactions of plants and animals is called:
a. A botanist
b. Geologist
c. Hydrologist
6. A food chain shows:
a. One possible pathway for energy
b. Many possible pathways for energy
c. The amount of energy available to a producer
7. When a rabbit population in a meadow cannot grow any larger, it has reached the:
A. Climax community
B. Carrying capacity
C. Limiting factor
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Faces
Happy Face
Happy Face
Faces
Happy Face
Sad Face
Faces
Happy Face
Indifferent / Neutral Face
Both species benefit
One species is harmed and
the other is helped
One species benefits while
the other is not harmed or
helped
The clown fish lives in the
sea anemone and attracts
fish to the sea anemone to
eat
A tick attaches and drinks
the blood of animals
A whale is unaffected by the
attached remora fish feeding
on the whale’s leftover food.
1. Why is the definition of ecosystem below incorrect?
1. A natural unit consisting of plants, animals, and organisms in an area functioning
separately from the non-living physical factors of the environment.
An ecosystem includes both the living and non-living parts of the environment, such as the
animals, water, sun, temperature, plants.
2. How are decomposers interconnected with consumers and producers?
Decomposers feed on dead consumers and producers.
Test Question 9:
• Both consumers and producers are sources of energy for
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Decomposers
3. Biotic factors in an ecosystem may include trees, shrubs,
grass, rabbit, lion, whale.
4. How are primary consumers different than secondary
consumers?
Primary consumers only feed on plants , so they are
herbivores. Secondary consumers can be omnivores and
carnivores.
5. What level consumer is an insect that eats only plants? Primary
Consumer
6. What level consumer is an insect-eating frog? Secondary
Consumer
7. What level is a snake that eats an insect-eating frog? Tertiary
Consumer
• Test Question 17.
• A snake that eats an insect-eating frog is a ______________.
• Primary consumer
• Secondary consumer
• Tertiary consumer
• 8. Underline why the relationship between the lichen and algae is mutualistic, in the example
below
A lichen is a combination of fungus and algae that lives on the sides of trees, rocks, and other
materials. The fungus provides the algae with water and minerals and the algae uses the water and
minerals to make food for both organisms.
9. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration interconnected? Page 509
• Photosynthesis takes in sunlight and carbon dioxide produced by cellular reparation to make glucose
and oxygen. Then cellular respiration in plants takes the glucose and oxygen produced during
photosynthesis and creates ATP energy for the cell to live and function.
The inputs for photosynthesis are the outputs of cellular respiration and vice versa.
• 10. Why is the description of mitosis and meiosis below incorrect?
• Mitosis is the division of a cell into two identical cells and meiosis is the division of a cell into
4 cells with half genetic information that is all identical.
Mitosis creates two identical cells during cell division and Meiosis creates 4 genetically different cells
during cell division.
• 11. Explain why parasites do not usually kill their host.
• The parasites rely on their host for survive, so by killing their host it would kill their food source.
• 14.What organism has the
most energy is this food
web? Grass
• 15. Which term describes the
eating habits of both the
mouse and lizard?
Omnivores
• 16. What level consumer is
the cricket? Primary
• 17. What level consumer is
the owl? Tertiary
• 18. Why are decomposers beneficial to the environment?
Decomposers break down dead plants and animals and release
nutrients back into the soil.
• 19. What are resources plants compete for with one another?
Sunlight , soil, water, nutrients
• 20.How do animals’ adaptations help them in their niche? An
animals adaptation makes them more suitable to their environment
and more likely to survive in their environment.
• 21.Describe the difference between predator adaptations and prey
adaptations. Predator adaptations give them abilities to catch prey
more easily , such as long claws and good eye site. Prey adaptations
give prey the ability to evade predators, such as camouflage coloring
and armored plates.
• 22.What is carry capacity? The maximum amount of a population an area can
hold.
• 23.How is quality of water in an ecosystem, considered a limiting factor?
Every organism needs water to survive. If water is poor than the animals with
either drink it and become sick or not drink the water and become
dehydrated. Therefore, the animals will have to leave that area because of the
poor water.
• 24.Describe how nesting sites are a limiting factor to a population. Birds and
other nesting organisms have to have space to build their nest and if there is
not enough space they will not lay egg and it causes a reduction in the
population.
• 25. What is the difference between invasive species and non-native species?
Invasive species are non-native and harmful to the environment, while nonnative species are just not from that specific area.
• In class we read articles about keystone species and their effects on
the environment.
•Founders Effect- Reduction (decrease) of genetic
variation (difference) in the new population due to
individuals moving to a new area.
•Bottleneck Effect - Reduction (decrease) of genetic
variation (difference) in the surviving population to
factors in the ecosystem , such as weather,
hunting, natural disasters.
Bottleneck Effect
• Reduction (decrease) of genetic
variation (difference) in the surviving
population due to factors in the
ecosystem.
• Earthquakes, floods, drought, a bad
winter, fire, and disease can all
abruptly reduce the numbers in a
population and cause the bottleneck
effect. Humans can also cause
bottleneck effects with hunting,
deforestation, developing
infrastructure, and other abrupt
environmental changes.