Download CRCT Review Packet

CRCT Home Study Guide For Science- Due Wed. after Spring Break
Characteristics of Science:
1. We study the natural world by doing scientific _____________________.
2. James noticed that the sky was gray with puffy clouds. He sees lightning
and hears thunder. James is using his senses to make
______________________-. James runs into his house and tells his mother
that a storm is coming. James’ interpretation is called a
_________________.
3. Scientists use a series of steps called the ____________________
_____________________ to solve problems. The scientist gathers
information, makes a _________________, designs an
____________________, collects and interprets the ___________, and
then draws a _______________.
4. When doing a lab, you must always wear _____________
_________________ and a _________________________.
5. The branches of science include geology (the study of ____________),
hydrology (the study of ____________), paleontology (the study of
_______________), meteorology (the study of ______________________),
and astronomy ( the study of _______________).
6. While doing an experiment, the scientist wants to first make sure
everything is the same, this is called the _____________ variable. Next, he
changes something in the experiment, this is called the _____________
variable. After changing that variable, there is an effect on the experiment,
this is called the ___________________ variable.
a. The cause is the ________________ and the effect is the
_______________________
7. Jackie needs to do an experiment dealing with volume. What will she need?
A triple beam balance, beaker, or a ruler?
8. If the mass of an object is 45 grams, and the volume is 5mL, what is the
density?
9. If the total mass of an object in water is 150 g/mL, what is the volume of
water if the mass is 75 grams?______________-10.How many centimeters are in 20 millimeters? ____________How many
kilometers are in 30 meters?_____________Hydrology:
11.Most of the earth is covered in _____________. Name the percent
______________. Only ____ percent is fresh, and of that amount only
_____ percent is usable to humans.
12.Put the following in order. Runoff, evaporation, precipitation, and
condensation.
a. During evaporation, water changes into water _______________-.
b. Clouds form due to the process of ___________________ (3c’s)
13.The concentration of salt in the ocean is called _______________. The
largest ocean is the _____________ Ocean, but it is getting smaller due to
plate tectonic activity.
a. The main salt dissolved in ocean water is
__________________________. Its symbol is _____________.
14.The ocean temperatures are higher near the equator and become
___________ the farther north and south you travel.
a. With depth, temperature ___________and pressure ____________.
b. Evaporation _____________ salinity, while _____________
decreases it.
c. Overall, the level of salinity in the oceans remains the same due to
____________________ and ________________________ occurring
in nearly equal amounts.
15.Density of seawater depends on salinity and ___________________.
a. Colder water +high salinity = __________________________.
16.Density ________________ as you dive deeper into the ocean.
17.A ________ is current is driven by wind. These currents affect the
_____________ of an area by bringing warm or cool air to it.
a. Waves are caused by _____________________. As they get closer to
shore, their ________________ increases, but their ___________
decreases.
b. Draw a wave here and label the following: wavelength, waveheight,
crest, trough
18. Please label the following diagram including the abyssal plain, continental
shelf, mid-ocean ridge, continental slope, seamount , trench
19. Tides are caused by the interaction of the ________________,
_________________, and ______________________.
20.The Moon is the main body that has an affect on the death’s water,
because it is the ______________ to earth.
21.The of the earth that is ___________________ and farthest away will
experience ________ tide.
Geology
22.Label the layers of the earth with the following terms and shade them using
colored pencils: crust, mantle, core, asthenosphere, and lithosphere.
a. Label convection currents in the mantle. The asthenosphere is made
up of a molten material called __________________.
Convection
currents that flow here help to move the pieces of the
_________________________ which are broken up and called
_____________________.
b. The inner core is made of ____________ iron and nickel.
c. The outer core is made of liquid ___________ and nickel.
d. The thinnest layer of the earth is the ____________. It is made
mostly of ________ rock, meaning “fire”.
23.Minerals are the building blocks of ___________.
24.Rocks that form by magma and lava are called _________________. If they
form INside the earth, they are called _______________, and generally
have larger crystals. If they form on or near the surface of the earth, they
are called ________________ igneous rocks, and because they cool must
faster when they encounter cooler air or water, they have ____________
grains.
25.Sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks called
_________________. These other rocks have been weathered and eroded.
These pieces are cemented together and _________________ to form a
rock.
26.Metamorphic rocks are created from other ______________ rocks by
exposure to extreme ____________ and _______________
27.Define the following terms:
a. Weathering
b. Erosion
c. Deposition
28.There are two types of weathering.
a. Mechanical (_______________) weathering is:
________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________
b. Chemical weathering is:
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________
c. Weathering is the _______________ of an object.
__________________ is the carrying away of an object.
d. The agents of erosion are wind, _________________, ice, and
__________________.
29.What process forms soil________________________.
30.List ways that we can conserve soil
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________
31.Weathered rock and decayed parts of plants and animals is
called_______________________.
A layer of soil is called a _______________________. The development of
soil begins when exposed ______________ begins to weather. Bacteria and
fungi help to break down plant and animal remains and form a dark,
nutrient rich part of the soil called _______________.
32.Draw and describe the horizons of soil using the box below and the space
beside it.
33. Bedrock is considered to be the “parent rock” of soil for an area. This
means that
_____________________________________________________________
____________
_____________________________________________________________
____________
34.Clear-cutting a forest can increase _____________________ because it
exposes the soil to wind, water, ice, etc.
35.In the 1800’s and early 1900”s, farmers had settled in the Mid West. After a
period of drought (little or no rainfall), blinding dust storms covered many
of the states in the area, creating what is known as ____________
________________ ___________.
36.Removing vegetation from an area can increase the rate of
______________ that an area suffers.
37.List 3 ways that humans contribute to soil erosion.
a. _________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________
Plate Tectonics
38. At a point in history, all land masses were joined together to make a
supercontinent called ______________. Over time, the land masses drifted
apart in a process called __________________ drift.
a. Evidence to support this theory:
i. Fossils are found in places that now have climates that would
not fit them.
ii. The continents fit together like __________________
_____________.
b. It takes a GREAT force to move these huge pieces of land, some of
which are covered by water as well. The forces necessary do to this
work are created by ____________ ____________ in the earth’s
mantle.
c. The lithospheric plates are divided into two main categories:
i. Oceanic crust which is ______________ dense
ii. ______________ crust which is less dense
39.Complete the chart below.
Type of Boundary transform
Type of Fault
normal
Type of Stress
tension
Draw the arrows
40. When two oceanic plates collide, one slides under the other and forms a
____________
41.When two continental plates collide, neither slides under the other, so they
push upward forming __________________.
42.Two plates may move past each other, grinding along, and get stuck.
Eventually they move, releasing tremendous energy, and an
_____________ occurs.
43.New seafloor is ___________________ at a mid-ocean ridge. It’s like the
nursery of Earth’s crust. This is called sea-floor spreading. At a trench,
plates are ____________________, and one subducts below the other and
crust is _________________.
Paleontology
44.The remains or traces of things that were once alive are called
____________________.
45.The ________________ age of a rock is when you compare one rock’s age
to another. For example, rock A is older than rock B.
46.The Principle of Superposition states that in a horizontal sedimentary rock
layer, the __________________ rocks are on the bottom. The layer on top
would be ________________.
47.Radioactive dating is one method for determining the
__________________ age of a rock. It gives a specific age. For example, the
rock is 12,000 years old.
Ecology
48.Resources that can be replaced naturally are called
_____________________.
49.If you cannot replace a resource, then it is __________________.
50.The major types of fossil fuels are ________________, ________________,
and natural gas.
a. The increased temperatures of the earth’s atmosphere, due in part
to the burning of fossil fuels, is called _____________
_________________.