Download Plant Kingdom Notes

Kingdom:
PLANTAE
Plant
Diversity
Example Phylum:
Bryophyta (Mosses)
Nonvascular Plants:
Dev.Adv.over algae-•Have true tissues
Identifying Char.-•Most primitive
•Only a few cell
layers thick
Identifying Char.—
•Need water for
reproduction
•Nutrients diffuse
directly into tissues
•Very small in size
Habitat:
MOIST AND DARK;
They need moisture
for nutrients to
diffuse & for reprod;
Too sunny,they dry up
LIFE CYCLE:
Alt. of Generations;
Long GAMETOPHYTE
(N) generation is
dominant over short
SPOROPHYTE (N);
produce haploid spores
Other Examples:
Hornworts
PhylumAnthocerotophyta
Liverworts
Phylum-Hepatophyta
DIAGRAM:
Seedless Vascular
Plants
Example Phylum:
PTEROPHYTA (Ferns)
Seedless Vascular
Plants
Dev.Advancement:
Have developed
conducting tubes for
distributing nutrients
(vascular tissue)
Vascular tissue has
allowed plants to
grow to a larger
size.
Identifying
Characteristics:
•Still produce spores
•Underground
roots
and stems
Habitat:
Still need moisture
(b/c of reproduction);
can be sunnier
b/c they won’t dry
up as easily,since vasc.
system holds water.
LIFE CYCLE:
Alt. of generations,
but SPOROPHYTE
(2N) generation is
dominant; “N” gener.
shortens.
Other Examples:
Club Mosses
Phylum-Lycophyta
Whisk Ferns
Phylum-Psilotophyta
Horsetails
Phylum-Sphenophyta
Sorus
(spore
sac)
Rhizome
Frond
(leaf)
Fiddlehead
(immature
frond)
GYMNOSPERMS:
Example Phylum:
CONIFEROPHYTA
(Pine trees)
GYMNOSPERMS:
Vascular seed plants
with uncovered seeds
usually formed in
cones; means “naked
seeds” b/c they
have no fruit
Devel. Advancement:
Seeds increase
reproductive
success
(Seeds are
diploid)
Identifying
Characteristics:
Seeds are on cones
or a cone-like
structure; have
seed coat for protection of embryo
Habitat:
Nearly any (including
extreme cold) since
seeds can be dormant
when growing
eonditions are not
right
Life Cycle:
Sporophyte stage
is larger compared
to seedless
vascular plants; male
and female cones
Other Examples:
Phylum-Cycadophyta
(Cycads)
Phylum-Ginkgophyta
(Ginkgo Trees)
Phylum-Gnetophyta
The Gnetophytes
“Vessel bearing plants”
DIAGRAM:
Male Cones
Female
Cone
ANGIOSPERMS:
Vascular, FruitCovered Seeds
Only one phylum:
ANTHOPHYTA
(means “flowering
plant”)
Dev. Advancement:
Fruit around seed
provides protection
for seed; aids in
seed dispersal;store
starch, nutrition
for plant embryo
Identifying
Characteristics:
Flowers,which
produce a
fruit that
surrounds seeds
Habitat:
Seed allows for
movement to
any habitat
(except
extreme
cold)
Life Cycle:
Sporophyte (2N)
is the longest for
any plant groups;
Gametophyte (N) is
greatly reduced
LIFE CYCLE (con’t.)
Double fertilization
produces embryo and
fruit around the
seed.
Examples:
All deciduous trees,
All flowering plants,
All grasses
Divided into 2 classes:
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
(monocot)
and
DICOTYLEDONAE
(dicot)
(See comparison
on back of chart)
Diagram:
Everything
you see is
SPOROPHYTE
tissue,
EXCEPT the
innermost
flower parts
Monocots:
•Fibrous roots
•VB scattered
•Parallel veins
•Mult. of 3
•1 cotyledon
Dicots:
•Tap root
•VB perimeter
•Branched veins
•Mult. of 4 or 5
•2 cotyledons
COMPARISON
OF
MONOCOTS
AND
DICOTS
FLOWER PARTS
A flower’s job is to
attract pollinators;
it holds all of the
reproductive parts
in concentric rings
Monocot parts are in
multiples of 3.This
includes male and
female parts;
petals; and
sepals.
Dicot parts
in multiples
are
of 4 or 5.
VASCULAR BUNDLE:
Clusters of conducting tubes in the
plant consisting of
xylem and phloem.
Vascular Bundles
distribute water
and nutrients and
provide support to
the plant stem and
leaves.
Xylem carry water
and
nutrients
from
roots
up.
Phloem carries organic
compounds in any
direction.
Monocot
vascular
bundles
are
scattered
Dicot
vascular
bundles
are
around
the
perimeter
Monocot VB
phloem
xylem
Dicot VB
In vascular bundles,
the phloem is toward
the outside of the
stem, whereas the
xylem is toward
the inside of the
stem.
Leaf venation
In monocots, the
veins are parallel.
In dicot leaves,
the veins are netted
or branched.
Seed Structure:
Dicot Seed:
Two cotyledons
Monocot Seed: One
cotyledon
In a monocot, the
roots spread out
from a central
location. This is
called a fibrous
root system.
Monocot Roots
Fibrous Root System
In a dicot, there
is a main root that
reaches downward
with smaller roots
growing off of it.
this is called a
tap root system.
Dicot Roots
Tap Root System
Plant
Tissue
There are four main
types of plant tissue
•Vascular
•Epidermal
•Ground
•Meristem
Vascular tissue is for
conducting water and
nutrients.
It is continuous
from roots to
stems to leaves.
Epidermal tissue
makes up the
coverings of
leaves,
roots,
and stems.
Ground tissue
functions in
food storage,
metabolism,
and support
Meristem tissue is
found in areas of cell
division for growth of
the plant.
Apical meristem is
at the tips of roots,
buds,and stems;
it helps
them grow
longer
Lateral meristem is
on the sides of
stems and roots,
it makes them
grow thicker
In a plant,
everything
above ground
is called
the SHOOT;
everything
below ground
is the ROOT