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Artur Leão nº40842
Cátia Santos nº29820
Filipa Gonçalves nº27874
Nuno Mendes nº29829
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Feed is the major cost in farmed fish production
Selective breeding is a potential tool for improving
feed efficiency
To measure feed intake of individual fish using the
X-ray method, all fish held in a tank are first fed
with feed containing small radio-opaque glass
beads.
Kause et al, 2008
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Genetic improvement of feed efficiency is expected to be
about three (rainbow trout) to eight-fold (European
Whitefish) slower compared to the improvement of growth
rate.
Feed efficiency can be indirectly improved by selecting on
growth rate
Rapid growth is genetically related to improved feed
efficiency
In Kause et al (2005),in four generations of selection in the
rainbow trout breeding programme, growth rate has
increased by ~28%
Feed efficiency is expected to have increased
simultaneously by 8% as a correlated genetic response
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Selected line vs wild line (red sea bream Pagrus
major):
Selected line had higher feed intake and weight gain
 Selected line converted feed less efficiently
 Selected line had lower body protein content and body
protein retention and higher body lipid content
 Body energy content (kJ/g) was higher in the selected
line
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Conclusion: the selected line had higher feed
intake and growth rate without improved feed
efficiency
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MEBV (mean estimated breeding values)
Adjusting back to the original scale, for harvest weight, using the first
method shown in Table 9, the responses were 6.64 (2.88/0.434) and
6.96 (3.02/0.434) percent, comparing the progeny of the 2002 with 2003
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After 3 generations:
 estimated breeding values were 2.61+0.05 and 2.42+0.37 g per
generation;
 which is equivalent to a 40% improvement.
• Body weight increase every generation
Gall & Bakar, 2001
Adapted from Glover et al (2009)
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Farmed salmon were over twice the size of wild
salmon, whilst hybrids were intermediate;
Eggs of wild salmon were significantly lighter.
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Fish pasteurellosis (Photobacterium damselae piscicida) is an
infectious disease that affects several fish species living in
marine temperate waters;
Represents a serious health problem for the majority of
intensive sea bream hatcheries, with 90–100% mortality
during disease outbreaks;
Genetic profiles at nine microsatellite loci were obtained to
calculate heritability for body lenght (0.38±0.07) and
desease resistance (0.12±0.04 for days of survival post
challenge);
Genetic correlation between body length and survival was
positive and significant (r=0.61±0.16).
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Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a
contagious viral disease affecting several fish
species;
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is affected during
the hatchery period and as postsmolts shortly after
transfer to seawater;
Method: survival rate to bath exposure;
Heritabilities to disease resistance were found to be
in the range 0.17 to 0.45 for each year (1997 to
2005). Wetten et al 2007.
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Selection of Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by weight
at harvest over four generations;
Genetic evaluation model: ‘‘best linear unbiased predictor’’
(BLUP) for breeding values;
Inbreeding rate was greater in the even population
(∆F=2.45% per generation) than the odd population
(∆F=1.10% per generation). Gallardo et al (2004).
More inbreeding cause weight decrease in future
generations (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Neira et al (2006a)
Amphilophus sp.
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Poecilia reticulata
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Amphiprion
ocellaris
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Kolstada, K., H.E. Meuwissenb, T H.E., Gjerde, B., 2005. Efficient design for doing genetic studies of
feed efficiency in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 247, 153– 158.
Kause, A., Quinton, C., Ruohonen, K., Koskela, J., 2008. Selection potential for feed effi ciency in
farmed salmonids. Genetics & biodiversity, 20-21.
Glover, K. A., Otterå, H., Olsen, R. E., Slinde, E., Taranger, G. L., Skaala, Ø., 2009. A comparison of
farmed, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared under farming conditions.
Aquaculture 286, 203–210.
Ogata, H. Y., Oku, H., Murai, T., 2002. Growth performance and macronutrient retention of offspring
from wild and selected red sea bream (Pagrus major). Aquaculture 206, 279–287.
Wetten, M., Aasmundstad, T., Kjøglum, S., Storset, A., 2007. Genetic analysis of resistance to infectious
pancreatic necrosis in
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 272, 111–117
Rezk, M. A., Ponzoni, R. W., Khaw, H. L., Kamel, E., Dawood, T., John, G., 2009. Selective breeding for
increased body weight in a synthetic breed of Egyptian Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Response
to selection and genetic parameters. Aquaculture 293,187–194.
Gall, G. A. E., Bakar, Y.,2002. Application of mixed-model techniques to fish breed improvement:
analysis of breeding-value selection to increase 98-day body weight in tilapia. Aquaculture 212, 93–
113.
Gallardoa, J. A., García, X., Lhorenteb, J. P., Neiraa, R., 2004. Inbreeding and inbreeding depression of
female reproductive traits in two populations of Coho salmon selected using BLUP predictors of
breeding values. Aquaculture 234,111– 122.
Vieira, V. L. A., Norris, A., Johnston, I. A.,2007. Heritability of fibre number and size parameters and
their genetic relationship to flesh quality traits in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 272S1,
S100–S109
Antonello, J., Massault , C., Franch, R., Haley, C., Pellizzari, C., Bovo, G., Patarnello, T., Koning, D.,
Bargelloni, L., 2009. Estimates of heritability and genetic correlation for body length and resistance to
fish pasteurellosis in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture 298 , 29–35.